Tomcat的应用
一、简介
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说，可以这样认为，当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器，可利用它响应对HTML页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat 部分是Apache 服务器的扩展，但它是独立运行的，所以当你运行tomcat 时，它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的，Tomcat 很受广大程序员的喜欢，因为它运行时占用的系统资源小，扩展性好，支持负载平衡与邮件服务等开发应用系统常用的功能；而且它还在不断的改进和完善中，任何一个感兴趣的程序员都可以更改它或在其中加入新的功能。
二、拓扑
三、实现过程
1、配置haproxy（172.16.70.1）
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[root@haproxy ~]
# yum -y install haproxy
[root@haproxy ~]
# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot
/var/lib/haproxy
pidfile
/var/run/haproxy
.pid
maxconn 30000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket
/var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0
/8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend haproxy *:80
acl url_static path_beg -i
/static
/images
/javascript
/stylesheets
acl url_static path_end -i .html .jpg .gif .png .css .js
acl url_dynamic path_end -i .jsp .
do
use_backend varnish
if
url_static
use_backend dynamic
if
url_dynamic
default_backend varnish
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend varnish
balance roundrobin
server node1 172.16.70.2:6081 check maxconn 10000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend dynamic
balance roundrobin
server node2 172.16.70.3:80 check maxconn 5000
[root@haproxy ~]
#
[root@haproxy ~]
# service haproxy start
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2、配置varnish（172.16.70.2）
（1）安装varnish
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[root@varnish ~]
# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg varnish-docs-3.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
install
.log varnish-libs-3.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
install
.log.syslog varnish-libs-devel-3.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
varnish-3.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@varnish ~]
#
[root@varnish ~]
# yum -y install *.rpm
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（2)修改vanish，使用内存做为缓存
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[root@varnish ~]
# vim /etc/sysconfig/varnish
VARNISH_STORAGE=
"malloc,500M"
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（3）配置varnish缓存
①、不使用默认.vcl，新建一个gg.vcl使用
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[root@varnish ~]
# cd /etc/varnish/
[root@varnish varnish]
#
[root@varnish varnish]
# vim gg.vcl
acl purgers {
#定义访问控制列表
"127.0.0.1"
;
"172.16.0.0"
/16
;
}
backend images {
#后端图片服务器
.host =
"172.16.70.4"
;
.port =
"80"
;
}
backend html {
#后端网页服务器
.host =
"172.16.70.5"
;
.port =
"80"
;
}
sub vcl_recv {
if
(req.request ==
"PURGE"
) {
#不能匹配到列表的用户不允许清除缓存
if
(!client.ip ~ purgers) {
error 503
"Not allowed!"
;
}
}
if
(req.http.X-Forward-For) {
#定义在后端服务器记录真正请求者的IP
set
req.http.X-Forward-For = req.http.X-Forward-For +
", "
+ client.ip;
}
else
{
set
req.http.X-Forward-For = client.ip;
}
if
(req.http.url ~
"\.(jpg|png|gif|jpeg)$"
) {
set
req.backend = images;
#如果是图片则请求图片服务器
}
else
{
set
req.backend = html;
#否则请求html服务器
}
return
(lookup);
}
sub vcl_hit {
if
(req.request ==
"PURGE"
) {
#如果命中缓存，则可清理
purge;
error 200
"Purged!"
;
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if
(req.request ==
"PURGE"
) {
#如未命中缓存，清除时则报错
purge;
error 404
"Not in cache!"
;
}
}
sub vcl_deliver {
#通过F12可查看缓存命中状态及varnish服务器IP
if
(obj.hits > 0) {
set
resp.http.X-Cache =
"Hit from "
+ server.ip;
}
else
{
set
resp.http.X-Cache =
"MISS"
;
}
}
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②、使用配置好的vcl
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[root@varnish ~]
# service varnish start
[root@varnish ~]
#
[root@varnish ~]
# varnishadm -S /etc/varnish/secret -T 127.0.0.1:6082 #进入varnish管理接口，启用varnish
varnish>
varnish> vcl.load cache gg.vcl
200
VCL compiled.
varnish>
varnish> vcl.list
200
active 0 boot
available 0 cache
varnish>
varnish> vcl.use cache
200
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3、配置静态服务器
（1）配置static2（html）：172.16.70.5
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[root@static2 ~]
# yum -y install httpd
[root@static2 ~]
#
[root@static2 ~]
# vim /var/www/html/index.html
<h1>Welcome to static html(172.16.70.5)<
/h1
>
[root@static2 ~]
# service httpd start
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①、访问以html结尾的静态页面
②、测试varnish缓存命中
（2）配置static1（images）：172.16.70.4
放一张1.jpg的图片到图片服务器：172.16.70.4
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[root@static2 ~]
# yum -y install httpd
[root@static2 ~]
#
[root@static2 ~]
# vim /var/www/html/index.html
<h1>Welcome to static image(172.16.70.4)<
/h1
>
[root@static1 html]
# ls
1.jpg index.html
[root@static1 html]
#
[root@static2 ~]
# service httpd start
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①、访问以1.jpg结尾的静态页面
4、配置nginx+tomcat动态服务器（172.16.70.3）
（1）安装配置tomcat
①、安装配置JDK
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[root@dynamic ~]
# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
install
.log
install
.log.syslog jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm
[root@dynamic ~]
#
[root@dynamic ~]
# yum -y install jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm
[root@dynamic ~]
#
[root@dynamic ~]
# vim /etc/profile.d/java
export
JAVA_HOME=
/usr/java/latest
export
PATH=$JAVA_HOME
/bin
:$PATH
[root@dynamic ~]
#
[root@dynamic ~]
# . /etc/profile.d/java
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②、安装tomcat
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[root@dynamic ~]
# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
install
.log jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm
apache-tomcat-7.0.42.
tar
.gz
install
.log.syslog
[root@dynamic ~]
#
[root@dynamic ~]
# tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@dynamic ~]
#
[root@dynamic ~]
# cd /usr/local/
[root@dynamic
local
]
# ln -sv apache-tomcat-7.0.42/ tomcat
[root@dynamic
local
]
#
[root@dynamic
local
]
# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat
export
CATALINA_HOME=
/usr/local/tomcat
export
PATH=$CATALINA_HOME
/bin
:$PATH
[root@dynamic
local
]
#
[root@dynamic
local
]
# . /etc/profile.d/tomcat
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③、为tomcat提供服务脚本
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[root@dynamic ~]
# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcat
#!/bin/sh
# Tomcat init script for Linux.
#
# chkconfig: 2345 96 14
# description: The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP container.
# JAVA_OPTS='-Xms64m -Xmx128m'
JAVA_HOME=
/usr/java/latest
CATALINA_HOME=
/usr/local/tomcat
export
JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME
case
$1
in
start)
exec
$CATALINA_HOME
/bin/catalina
.sh start ;;
stop)
exec
$CATALINA_HOME
/bin/catalina
.sh stop;;
restart)
$CATALINA_HOME
/bin/catalina
.sh stop
sleep
2
exec
$CATALINA_HOME
/bin/catalina
.sh start ;;
*)
echo
"Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop|restart}"
exit
1
;;
esac
[root@dynamic ~]
#
[root@dynamic ~]
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcat
[root@dynamic ~]
# chkconfig --add tomcat
[root@dynamic ~]
# chkconfig tomcat on
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④、配置tomcat
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[root@dynamic conf]
# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat/conf
[root@dynamic conf]
#
[root@dynamic conf]
# vim server.xml
#######在原来Connector下面新增加一个Connector#######
###这台主机上用nginx监听80端口，nginx反向代理至tomcat使用888端口
Connector port=
"888"
address=
"172.16.7.100"
maxThreads=
"5000"
protocol=
"HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout=
"20000"
redirectPort=
"8443"
/>
###########在原来Host下面新增加一个Host###########
<Host name=
"172.16.7.100"
appBase=
"webapps"
unpackWARs=
"true"
autoDeploy=
"true"
>
<Context path=
""
docBase=
"dynaweb"
/>
<Valve className=
"org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"
directory=
"logs"
prefix=
"dynaweb_access_log."
suffix=
".txt"
pattern=
"%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b"
/>
<
/Host
>
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⑤、创建动态（jsp）网页页面
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[root@dynamic ~]
# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@dynamic webapps]
# mkdir dynaweb/WEB-INF/{classes,lib} -pv
[root@dynamic webapps]
# cd dynaweb/
[root@dynamic dynaweb]
# vim index.jsp
<%@ page language=
"java"
%>
<%@ page
import
=
"java.util.*"
%>
<html>
<
head
>
<title>JSP
test
page.<
/title
>
<
/head
>
<body>
<% out.println(
"Hello,world!"
); %>
<
/body
>
<
/html
>
[root@dynamic dynaweb]
#
[root@dynamic dynaweb]
# service tomcat start
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⑥、测试访问动态页面
（2）安装配置nginx服务器
①、安装nginx
②、配置nginx
在监听80端口的server内添加下面这个location
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（3）测试动态效果
