利用BBED恢复数据文件头
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@@@@@@@利用BBED模拟损坏5文件1号块（文件头）
BBED> copy file 4 block 4 to file 5 block 1 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 0 to 19 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1ea20000 04000001 1a4b0000 00000104 99810000 <32 bytes per line> sys@PROD> shutdown abort; ORACLE instance shut down. sys@PROD> starup SP2-0042: unknown command "starup" - rest of line ignored. sys@PROD> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 939495424 bytes Fixed Size 2233960 bytes Variable Size 251660696 bytes Database Buffers 679477248 bytes Redo Buffers 6123520 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01122: database file 5 failed verification check ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf' ORA-01210: data file header is media corrupt
1、找个文件头覆盖
BBED> copy file 4 block 1 to file 5 block 1 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 0 to 19 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 0ba20000 01000001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000 <32 bytes per line>
2、进入5文件1号块
BBED> set file 5 block 1 FILE# 5 BLOCK# 1
（1）改块的地址5文件1号块，rdba_kcbh
BBED> p kcvfhbfh struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes @0 ub1 type_kcbh @0 0x0b ub1 frmt_kcbh @1 0xa2 ub1 spare1_kcbh @2 0x00 ub1 spare2_kcbh @3 0x00 ub4 rdba_kcbh @4 0x01000001 ub4 bas_kcbh @8 0x00000000 ub2 wrp_kcbh @12 0x0000 ub1 seq_kcbh @14 0x01 ub1 flg_kcbh @15 0x04 (KCBHFCKV) ub2 chkval_kcbh @16 0xbced ub2 spare3_kcbh @18 0x0000
0x01000001===》0000 0001 0000==》100==》4号文件1号块
修改成5号1块 ===》0x01400001
BBED> d /v offset 4 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 4 to 23 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 01000001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000 l ............í?.. 00000000 BBED> m /x 01004001 offset 4 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 4 to 23 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 01004001 00000000 00000104 edbc0000 00000000
(2)文件的大小kccfhfsz
BBED> p kcvfhhdr struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes @20 ub4 kccfhswv @20 0x00000000 ub4 kccfhcvn @24 0x0b200000 ub4 kccfhdbi @28 0x0f302c3e text kccfhdbn[0] @32 P text kccfhdbn[1] @33 R text kccfhdbn[2] @34 O text kccfhdbn[3] @35 D text kccfhdbn[4] @36 text kccfhdbn[5] @37 text kccfhdbn[6] @38 text kccfhdbn[7] @39 ub4 kccfhcsq @40 0x00000d3d ub4 kccfhfsz @44 0x00003200 s_blkz kccfhbsz @48 0x00 ub2 kccfhfno @52 0x0004 ub2 kccfhtyp @54 0x0003 ub4 kccfhacid @56 0x00000000 ub4 kccfhcks @60 0x00000000 text kccfhtag[0] @64 .................... sys@PROD> select name from v$dbfile where file#=5; NAME -------------------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf [oracle@jfdb PROD]$ ls -lFtr |grep tp01 -rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 524296192 Jun 8 18:58 tp01.dbf sys@PROD> select 524296192/8192 from dual; 524296192/8192 -------------- 64001
注：0号块他是操作系头不为ORACLE所控制
64001-1=64000个块（10进制）
64000（10）==fa00(16)=====>bbed存储：00fa0000
BBED> d /v offset 44 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 44 to 63 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 00320000 00200000 04000300 00000000 l .2... .......... 00000000 BBED> m /x 00fa0000 44 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 44 to 63 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 00fa0000 00200000 04000300 00000000 00000000
(3)修改文件号（4--->5）
ub2 kccfhfno @52 0x0004
BBED> d /v offset 52 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 52 to 71 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 04000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................ 00000000 BBED> m /x 05 offset 52 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 52 to 71 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 05000300 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
(4)修改文件创建时SCN
BBED> p kcvfhcrs struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes @100 ub4 kscnbas @100 0x00004b14 ub2 kscnwrp @104 0x0000 sys@PROD> select file#,CREATION_CHANGE# from v$datafile where file#=5; FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# ---------- ---------------- 5 363921 sys@PROD> select to_char('363921','xxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; TO_CHAR('36392 -------------- 58d91 ===（倒：918d0500）==》00058d91 BBED> d /v offset 100 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 119 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 144b0000 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 l .K......0?>2¤.￥2 ec4f1900 BBED> m /x 918d offset 100 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 119 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 918d0000 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 ec4f1900 BBED> m /x 0500 offset 102 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 102 to 121 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 05000000 000030cf 3e32a41d a532ec4f 19000000 BBED> d /v offset 100 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 100 to 119 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 918d0500 00000000 30cf3e32 a41da532 l ........0?>2¤.￥2 ec4f1900
ub4 kcvfhcrt @108 0x323ecf30 BBED> p kcvfhcrt ub4 kcvfhcrt @108 0x323ecf30 sys@PROD> select file#,to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') createTime, 2 (to_char(CREATION_TIME,'yyyy')-1988)*12*31*24*3600+ 3 (to_char(CREATION_TIME,'mm')-1)*31*24*3600+ 4 (to_char(CREATION_TIME,'dd')-1)*24*3600+ 5 to_char(CREATION_TIME,'hh24')*3600+ 6 to_char(CREATION_TIME,'mi')*60+ 7 to_char(CREATION_TIME,'ss') createTimeSCN 8 from v$datafile WHERE file# in(4,5); FILE# CREATETIME CREATETIMESCN ---------- ------------------- ------------- 4 2014-03-23 16:17:52 842977072 5 2014-03-29 10:32:22 843474742 sys@PROD> select '4' file#, to_char('842977072','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; F TO_CHAR('842977 - --------------- 4 323ecf30 ===>倒：30cf3e32 sys@PROD> select '5' file#,to_char('843474742','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; sys@PROD> select '5' file#,to_char('843474742','xxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; F TO_CHAR('843474 - --------------- 5 32466736 ==》36674632 BBED> d /v offset 108 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 108 to 127 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 30cf3e32 a41da532 ec4f1900 00000000 l 0?>2¤.￥2ìO...... d713a532 BBED> m /x 36674632 offset 108 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 108 to 127 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36674632 a41da532 ec4f1900 00000000 d713a532
(6)修改表空间号
sword kcvfhtsn @332 4 sys@PROD> select file#,TS# from v$datafile where file# in(4,5); FILE# TS# ---------- ---------- 4 4 5 5 BBED> d /v offset 332 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 332 to 351 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 04000000 05005553 45525300 00000000 l ......USERS..... 00000000 l .... <16 bytes per line> BBED> m /x 05 offset 332 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 332 to 351 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 05000000 05005553 45525300 00000000 00000000
(7)修改相对文件号
ub4 kcvfhrfn @368 0x00000004
BBED> d /v offset 368 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 368 to 387 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 04000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................ 00000000 l .... <16 bytes per line> BBED> m /x 05 offset 368 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 368 to 387 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 05000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
(8)修改表空间的名称
BBED> p kcvfhtnm text kcvfhtnm[0] @338 U text kcvfhtnm[1] @339 S text kcvfhtnm[2] @340 E text kcvfhtnm[3] @341 R text kcvfhtnm[4] @342 S text kcvfhtnm[5] @343 text kcvfhtnm[6] @344 text kcvfhtnm[7] @345 text kcvfhtnm[8] @346 text kcvfhtnm[9] @347 text kcvfhtnm[10] @348 text kcvfhtnm[11] @349 text kcvfhtnm[12] @350 sys@PROD> select file#,TS# from v$datafile where file# in(4,5); FILE# TS# ---------- ---------- 4 4 5 5 sys@PROD> select TS#,NAME from v$tablespace where ts# in(4,5); TS# NAME ---------- -------------------------------------------------- 4 USERS 5 TP1 BBED> d /v offset 338 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 338 to 357 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 55534552 53000000 00000000 00000000 l USERS........... 00000000 sys@PROD> select dump('USERS',16) from dual; DUMP('USERS',16) ---------------------------- Typ=96 Len=5: 55,53,45,52,53 sys@PROD> select dump('TP1',16) from dual; DUMP('TP1',16) ---------------------- Typ=96 Len=3: 54,50,31 BBED> m /x 54503100 offset 338 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 338 to 357 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 54503100 53000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> m /x 00 offset 342 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 342 to 361 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> d /v offset 338 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 338 to 357 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 54503100 00000000 00000000 00000000 l TP1............. 00000000
(9)修改表空间的长度
ub2 kcvfhtln @336 0x0005
BBED> d /v offset 336 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 336 to 355 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 05005450 31000000 00000000 00000000 l ..TP1........... 00000000 l .... <16 bytes per line> BBED> m /x 03 offset 336 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 336 to 355 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 03005450 31000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 <32 bytes per line>
(10)检查点
BBED> p kcvfhckp struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484 struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484 ub4 kscnbas @484 0x0019b1a1 --->1683873 ub2 kscnwrp @488 0x0000 ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x32a59921 -->849713441 ub2 kcvcpthr @496 0x0001 union u, 12 bytes @500 struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes @500 ub4 kcrbaseq @500 0x00000002 ub4 kcrbabno @504 0x000002e0 ub2 kcrbabof @508 0x0010 ub1 kcvcpetb[0] @512 0x02 ub1 kcvcpetb[1] @513 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[2] @514 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[3] @515 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[4] @516 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[5] @517 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[6] @518 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[7] @519 0x00 sys@PROD> select file#,rfile#,CREATION_TIME,checkpoint_change#,unrecoverable_change#,offline_change# from v$datafile; FILE# RFILE# CREATION_ CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE# OFFLINE_CHANGE# ---------- ---------- --------- ------------------ --------------------- --------------- 1 1 23-MAR-14 1683873 0 1658859 2 2 23-MAR-14 1683873 0 1658859 3 3 23-MAR-14 1683873 0 1658859 4 4 23-MAR-14 1683873 0 1658859 5 5 29-MAR-14 1684251 0 1658859 sys@PROD> select to_number('19b1a1','xxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; TO_NUMBER('19B1A1','XXXXXXXXXXXX') ---------------------------------- 1683873 sys@PROD> select to_number('32a59921','xxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; TO_NUMBER('32A59921','XXXXXXXXXXXX') ------------------------------------ 849713441 sys@PROD> select file#,to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') createTime, 2 (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'yyyy')-1988)*12*31*24*3600+ 3 (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'mm')-1)*31*24*3600+ 4 (to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'dd')-1)*24*3600+ 5 to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'hh24')*3600+ 6 to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'mi')*60+ 7 to_char(CHECKPOINT_TIME,'ss') createTimeSCN 8 from v$datafile WHERE file# in(4,5); FILE# CREATETIME CREATETIMESCN ---------- ------------------- ------------- 4 2014-06-08 15:30:41 849713441 5 2014-06-08 15:38:33 849713913 sys@PROD> sys@PROD> select to_char('1684251','xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; TO_CHAR('1684251 ---------------- 19b31b ====>真正5号文件的检查点SCN sys@PROD> select to_char('849713913','xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; TO_CHAR('8497139 ---------------- 32a59af9 ====>真正5号文件的检查点时间 ub4 kscnbas @484 0x0019b1a1 ====>真正5号文件的检查点SCN 19b31b (倒：1bb319) ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x32a59921 ====>真正5号文件的检查点时间32a59af9（倒：f99aa532） BBED> d /v offset 484 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 503 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- a1b11900 00000000 2199a532 01000000 l ?±......!.￥2.... 02000000 BBED> m /x 1bb319 offset 484 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 503 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1bb31900 00000000 2199a532 01000000 02000000 BBED> d /v offset 492 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 511 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 2199a532 01000000 02000000 e0020000 l !.￥2........à... 10007261 BBED> m /x f99a offset 492 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 492 to 511 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ f99aa532 01000000 02000000 e0020000 10007261
##################校验块
BBED> sum apply Check value for File 5, Block 1: current = 0x4a10, required = 0x4a10 BBED> verify DBVERIFY - Verification starting FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf BLOCK = 1 DBVERIFY - Verification complete Total Blocks Examined : 1 Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0 Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0 Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0 Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0 Total Blocks Empty : 0 Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 0 Total Blocks Influx : 0 Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED
######################检查物理坏块
[oracle@jfdb PROD]$ dbv file=tp01.dbf start=1 end=2 DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sun Jun 8 21:48:37 2014 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf DBVERIFY - Verification complete Total Pages Examined : 2 Total Pages Processed (Data) : 0 Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0 Total Pages Processed (Index): 0 Total Pages Failing (Index): 0 Total Pages Processed (Other): 2 Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0 Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0 Total Pages Empty : 0 Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 0 Total Pages Influx : 0 Total Pages Encrypted : 0 Highest block SCN : 1687542 (0.1687542)
############打开数据库报错
sys@PROD> shutdown abort; ORACLE instance shut down. sys@PROD> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 939495424 bytes Fixed Size 2233960 bytes Variable Size 251660696 bytes Database Buffers 679477248 bytes Redo Buffers 6123520 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01122: database file 5 failed verification check ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf' ORA-01207: file is more recent than control file - old control file
###########怀疑检查点计数器，这里我先用BBED（方法1重建控制文件，方法2利用BBED修改计算器）
ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 0x00000102
ub4 kcvfhccc @148 0x00000101
idle> alter session set events 'immediate trace name controlf level 8'; Session altered. DATA FILE #5: name #4: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf creation size=0 block size=8192 status=0xe head=4 tail=4 dup=1 tablespace 5, index=5 krfil=5 prev_file=0 unrecoverable scn: 0x0000.00000000 01/01/1988 00:00:00 Checkpoint cnt:226 scn: 0x0000.0019b31b 06/08/2014 15:38:33 Stop scn: 0xffff.ffffffff 06/08/2014 07:44:07 Creation Checkpointed at scn: 0x0000.00058d91 03/29/2014 10:32:22 thread:0 rba:(0x0.0.0) sys@PROD> select to_char('226','xxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; TO_CHAR('226', -------------- e2 sys@PROD> select to_char('225','xxxxxxxxxxxxx') from dual; TO_CHAR('225', -------------- e1 BBED> d /v offset 140 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 159 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 02010000 8bc6a532 01010000 b24f1900 l .....?￥2....2O.. 00000000 BBED> m /x e200 offset 140 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 140 to 159 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ e2000000 8bc6a532 01010000 b24f1900 00000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> d /v offset 148 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 167 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------- 01010000 b24f1900 00000000 d713a532 l ....2O......×.￥2 01000000 l .... <16 bytes per line> BBED> m /x e100 offset 148 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf (5) Block: 1 Offsets: 148 to 167 Dba:0x01400001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ e1000000 b24f1900 00000000 d713a532 01000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> sum apply Check value for File 5, Block 1: current = 0x4a10, required = 0x4a10 BBED> verify DBVERIFY - Verification starting FILE = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/tp01.dbf BLOCK = 1 DBVERIFY - Verification complete Total Blocks Examined : 1 Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0 Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0 Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0 Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0 Total Blocks Empty : 0 Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 0 Total Blocks Influx : 0 Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED
##########再次打开库，OK!
sys@PROD> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ MOUNTED sys@PROD> alter database open; Database altered.
###############################修改数据文件头的注意点：
1、修改数据的DBA,rdba_kcbh
2、修改文件的大小，kccfhfsz
3、修改文件号，kccfhfno
4、修改文件创建时SCN，kcvfhcrs
5、修改文件创建时间，kcvfhcrt
6、修改表空间号，kcvfhtsn
7、修改相对文件号，kcvfhrfn
8、修改表空间的名称， kcvfhtnm
9、修改表空间的长度，kcvfhtln
10、修改检查点的SCN，kcvfhckp
11、修改检查点的时间，kcvcptim
12、修改检查点的计数器，kcvfhcpc
13、修改检查点的控制文件备份的计数器， kcvfhccc
14、如果你修改是1号文件的1号块他的root rdba的地针是指向了bootstrap$