架构说明:
1, 数据库之间做主从复制,实现双主多备
2, 在数据库之间利用mysql-mmm套件实现HA,并用monitor进行监听
3, 利用mysql-proxy进行读写分离
4, 利用keepalived实现mysql-proxy的高可用
优势:
1, 数据库得到高可用的保护,当主库其中一个节点宕机,备用的主库进行切换,保证应用的正常进行。
2, 利用mysql-proxy进行读写分离,可以减轻主库的负载,并且能对从库进行负载均衡。
3, 对mysql-proxy采用keepalived的方法,实现对应用层的透明,并且保证mysql-proxy的高可用性。
4, 利用mysql-proxy可为日后的数据库改造,切分提供了有利的条件。
Mysql数据库 mysql-5.0.87.tar.gz
Mysql-mmm套件(做数据库的高可用) mysql-mmm-2.2.1.tar.gz
Keepalived套件(做mysqlproxy代理的高可用)
Mysql-proxy软件(实现读写分离)
192.168.21.5 monitor
192.168.21.11 master1
192.168.21.12 master2
192.168.21.13 slave1
192.168.21.14 slave2
192.168.21.15 mysqlproxy1
192.168.21.16 mysqlproxy2
#移动数据库软件包到/usr/src目录下
[root@test ~]# mv mysql-5.0.87.tar.gz /usr/src/
#解压数据库软件包
[root@test src]# tar �Cxzvf mysql-5.0.87.tar.gz
#建立目录
[root@test src]# mkdir /var/run/mysqld
#建立日志目录
[root@test src]# mkdir /var/log/mysqld
#添加mysql组
[root@test src]# groupadd mysql
#添加mysql用户
[root@test src]# useradd �Cg mysql mysql
[root@test src]# cd /usr/src/mysql-5.0.87
#配置mysql
--prefix=/usr/local/mysql #安装目录
--with-charset=gb2312 #设置字符集
--with-extra-charsets=gb2312,utf8,gbk #设置额外支持字符集
--with-server-suffix="-yzmyt" #添加数据库名称的后缀
--with-pthread 支持多线程
--with-unix-socket-path=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.socket #设置unix socket路径
--with-tcp-port=3306 #设置通信端口
--with-mysqld-user=mysql #设置mysql用户
--with-big-tables #设置支持大表
--with-debug #设置为debug状态
--with-***-storage-engine #设置示例支持的存储引擎
[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-local-infile --with-charset=gb2312 --with-extra-charsets=gb2312,utf8,gbk --with-server-suffix="-yzmyt" --with-pthread --with-unix-socket-path=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.socket --with-tcp-port=3306 --with-mysqld-user=mysql --with-zlib-dir=/usr --with-libwrap=/usr --with-low-memory --with-mysqlmanager --with-openssl --with-big-tables --with-debug --with-example-storage-engine --with-archive-storage-engine --with-csv-storage-engine --with-blackhole-storage-engine --with-ndbcluster --with-ndb-docs --with-ndb-test --with-federated-storage-engine
#编译
[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# make
#安装
[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# make install
#创建my.cnf所在的文件文件目录
[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql/etc
#创建my.cnf
[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# vi /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf
#添加:
[mysqld] #数据文件存储路径 datadir=/data-source #socket文件路径 socket=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.socket #pid文件路径 pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysql5.pid #log日志文件路径 log=/var/log/mysqld/mysql5.log #错误日志文件路径 log-error=/var/log/mysqld/mysql5-error.log #端口 port=3306 #所属用户 user=mysql #默认存储引擎为innodb default-storage-engine=INNODB #初始化连接,设置为关闭自动提交 init_connect='set autocommit=0' #日志形式 log-bin=mysql-bin #服务器编号 server-id=1 |
#修改文件夹的所属组
[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mysqld /var/run/mysqld /usr/src/local/mysql-5.0.87 -R
#创建数据文件所在文件夹
[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# mkdir /data-source
#修改数据文件所在文件夹的属组
[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# chown mysql:mysql /data-source -R
#安装mysql数据库
[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data-source/ --user=mysql
#拷贝服务启动文件
[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# cp /usr/src/mysql-5.0.87/support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql5
#改变mysql5的权限
[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql5
#启动数据库
[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# service mysql5 start
Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
#进入数据库
[root@test mysql-5.0.87]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 147 Server version: 5.0.87-yzmyt-debug-log Source distribution Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | test | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) |
同理安装数据库到master2,slave1,slave2上
先配置master1和master2之间的互相复制
在master1上执行:
[root@master1 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot �Cp
Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.0.87-terry-debug-log Source distribution Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. 创建用户允许远程访问本库 mysql> grant replication slave,file on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.1.12' identified by '123456'; #刷新权限 mysql> flush privileges; |
在master2上执行:
[root@master2 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot �Cp
Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.0.87-terry-debug-log Source distribution Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> grant replication slave,file on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.1.11' identified by '123456'; mysql> flush privileges; |
然后修改master1和master2上的my.cnf
master1上添加
log-bin=mysql-bin server-id=1 log-slave-updates slave-skip-errors=all sync_binlog=1 auto_increment_increment=2 auto_increment_offset=1 |
master2上添加
在master1上执行
[root@master1 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot �Cp
log-bin=mysql-bin |
Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 7 Server version: 5.0.87-terry-debug-log Source distribution Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. #刷新表为只读状态 mysql> flush tables with read lock; #查看主的状态 mysql> show master status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** File: mysql-bin.000008 Position: 98 Binlog_Do_DB: Binlog_Ignore_DB: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) #锁表 mysql> unlock tables; #关闭slave应用 mysql> stop slave; #修改主上的log应用 mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.12',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000008', master_log_pos=98; mysql> start slave; |
在master1上执行
[root@master2 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot �Cp
Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 7 Server version: 5.0.87-terry-debug-log Source distribution Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. #刷新表为只读模式 mysql> flush tables with read lock; #查看master状态 mysql> show master status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** File: mysql-bin.000008 Position: 98 Binlog_Do_DB: Binlog_Ignore_DB: 1 row in set (0.00 sec) #将表解锁 mysql> unlock tables; #停止slave应用 mysql> stop slave; #在master上进行应用 mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.1.11',master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000008', master_log_pos=98; #启动日志应用 mysql> start slave; |
查看slave状态
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
进行检测:
在master1中新建一个表,在master2中同时进行生成。
双主互为热备完成。
对两台slave主机进行单向复制
只要修改my.cnf
单向复制的资料网上很多,在此不再赘述
主备都完成的情况是:
在master1,master2上随便在一台上修改数据,在任何一台机器上都可以看到变化。