linux下大于2T的硬盘使用方法
【转】转 parted创建GPT分区（fdisk不支持创建GPT分区，GPT支持大于2TB分区，MBR不支持）
这次干活，服务器硬盘26T，但是发现无论是Ubuntu11.04还是Centos5.6，都是无法直接分配一个分区超过16T.
没想到，linux还有这个局限。改天好好研究一下这个。
2011年03月19日星期六 17:18
本次操作环境：
Ubuntu Server10.10
SCSI Harddisk：/dev/sda 500GB
U盘：/dev/sdb 8GB（模拟成USB Harddisk，安装OS）
介绍2种分区表：
MBR分区表：（MBR含义：主引导记录）
所支持的最大卷：2T （T;terabytes,1TB=1024GB）
对分区的设限：最多4个主分区或3个主分区加一个扩展分区。
GPT分区表：（GPT含义：GUID分区表）
支持最大卷：18EB，（E：exabytes,1EB=1024TB）
每个磁盘最多支持128个分区
所以如果要大于2TB的卷或分区就必须得用GPT分区表。
Linux下fdisk工具不支持GPT，得使用另一个GNU发布的强大分区工具parted。
fdisk工具用的话，会有下面的警告信息：
WARNING: GPT(GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't supportGPT. Use GNU Parted.
下面是用parted工具对/dev/sda做GPT分区的过程：
root@node01:/mnt# parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 2.3
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sda will be destroyed and all data onthis disk
will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? yes
(parted) print
Model: DELL PERC 6/i Adapter (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 500GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted)mkpart primary 0KB 500GB
Warning: You requested a partition from 0.00B to500GB.
The closest location we can manage is 17.4kB to 500GB.
Is this still acceptable to you?
Yes/No? yes
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? Ignore
(parted) print
Model: DELL PERC 6/i Adapter (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 500GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start End Size Filesystem Name Flags
1 17.4kB 500GB 500GB primary
(parted)quit
Information: You may need to update/etc/fstab.
root@node01:/#fdisk -l
WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdiskdoesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.
Disk /dev/sda: 499.6 GB, 499558383616 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60734 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 60735 487849983+ ee GPT
root@node01:/#mkfs.ext4/dev/sda1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
30490624 inodes, 121962487 blocks
6098124 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
3722 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376,294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424,20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 24 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
root@node01:/#mount /dev/sda1 /export/glusterfs01/
root@node01:/# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/node01-root
6.8G 987M 5.5G 16% /
none 7.9G 208K 7.9G 1% /dev
none 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm
none 7.9G 32K 7.9G 1% /var/run
none 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /var/lock
/dev/sdb1 228M 21M 196M 10% /boot
/dev/sda1 458G 198M 435G 1% /export/glusterfs01
root@node01:/#vi /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid -o value -s UUID' to print the universally unique identifier
# for a device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name
# devices that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid0 0
/dev/mapper/node01-root/ ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot was on /dev/sdb1 during installation
UUID=c21707ff-ba0f-43ee-819a-8e72fa0f8500/boot ext2 defaults 0 2
/dev/mapper/node01-swap_1none swap sw 0 0
/dev/sda1 /export/glusterfs01 ext4 defaults 0 2
重启就可以自动挂载了！至此完成。