情景描述:
有朋友问,MS SQL SERVER将数据库备份还原到其它机器很方便,基本就是傻瓜式操作,Oracle有控制文件、参数文件一堆东西,觉得还原很复杂;其实不然,我抽出了点时间,简单演示下案例,朋友们,参考下!为了简单快速,我采用RMAN备份和还原。
--说明:
(1).RMAN备份到异机恢复的时候,db_name需要相同。
如果说要想改成其他的实例名,可以在恢复成功后,用nid 命令修改。 实例名的信息会记录到控制文件里,所以如果在恢复的时候,如果实例名不一致,恢复的时候会报错。
(2).恢复的路径和源库不一致时,就需要在restore命令中使用set 命令指定新位置,并且使用switch datafile all将变更信息更新的到控制文件中。
测试环境:
源数据库服务器A,安装在E,备份目录已在E盘; 源数据库服务器B,安装在F盘.
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一、源数据库准备工作
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--1. 查询DBID
SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;
NAME DBID
--------- ----------
ORCL 1320546556
--2. 备份源数据DB
run {
configure retention policy to recovery window of 14 days;
configure controlfile autobackup on; --自动开启控制文件备份
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to 'E:\backup\controlfile\bak_%F';
allocate channel c1 device type disk format 'E:\backup\data\bak_%u';
allocate channel c2 device type disk format 'E:\backup\data\bak_%u';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup incremental level=0 database skip inaccessible
plus archivelog filesperset 20
delete all input;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
allocate channel for maintenance device type disk;
crosscheck backupset;
delete noprompt obsolete;
--或
run {
configure retention policy to recovery window of 14 days;
allocate channel c1 device type disk format 'E:\backup\data\bak_%u';
allocate channel c2 device type disk format 'E:\backup\data\bak_%u';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup incremental level=0 database skip inaccessible
plus archivelog filesperset 20
delete all input;
--手动直接指明备份文件名和路径
backup current controlfile tag='bak_ctrollfile' format='E:\backup\controlfile\bak_ctl_file_%U_%T';
backup spfile tag='bak_spfile' format='E:\backup\controlfile\bak_spfile_%U_%T';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
allocate channel for maintenance device type disk;
crosscheck backupset;
delete noprompt obsolete;
--3.手动备份spfile
create pfile='E:\backup\inittest.ora' from spfile;
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二、目标库准备工作:
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---步骤1. 创建口令文件
--如果有就不需要新建.
orapwd file=F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\database\PWDorcl.ora password=password
--步骤2.恢复参数文件
--方法1.源数据库spfile并拷贝到B数据库服务器
\\192.168.2.25\e$\backup\inittest.ORA
复制到
E:\bk\inittest.ORA
--步骤3.编辑参数文件中的文件路径
如路径和原来一样,则不需修改
eg:
- *_DUMP_DEST
- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST*
- CONTROL_FILES
---实例:
orcl.__db_cache_size=939524096
orcl.__java_pool_size=16777216
orcl.__large_pool_size=16777216
orcl.__oracle_base='F:\app\Administrator'#修改路径
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=855638016
orcl.__sga_target=2550136832
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=1526726656
orcl.__streams_pool_size=16777216
*.audit_file_dest='F:\app\Administrator\admin\orcl\adump' #修改路径
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
#修改路径
*.control_files='F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\control01.ctl','F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\control02.ctl','F:\app\Administrator\oradata\orcl\control03.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='F:\arch' #修改路径
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=6442450944
*.diagnostic_dest='F:\app\Administrator' #修改路径
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=f:\arch' #修改路径
*.nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss'
*.open_cursors=300
*.optimizer_capture_sql_plan_baselines=TRUE
*.pga_aggregate_target=845152256
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=2536505344
*.skip_unusable_indexes=TRUE
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
--步骤4.重启实例,使用已编辑好的参数文件
将用pfile将B数据库服务器启动到nomout 状态
rman target /
startup nomount pfile='e:\bk\inittest.ora'