centos7/rhel7的与众不同系列（3）――如何配置XFS
XFS是扩展性高、高性能的文件系统。也是rhel7/centos7的默认文件系统。
XFS支持metadata journaling,这使其能从crash中更快速的恢复。
它也支持在挂载和活动的状态下进行碎片整理和扩容。
通过延迟分配，XFS 赢得了许多机会来优化写性能。
可通过工具xfsdump和xfsrestore来备份和恢复xfs文件系统，
xfsdump可使用dump级别来完成增量备份，还可通过size,subtree,inode flags来排除文件。
也支持user、group、project配额。
下面将介绍如何创建xfs文件系统，分配配额以及对其扩容:
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将/dev/sdb分区（2G），并启动LVM功能
[root@localhost zhongq]#parted /dev/sdb GNU Parted 3.1 Using /dev/sdb Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) mkpart primary 4 2048 (parted) set 1 lvm on (parted) p Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 2147MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 4194kB 2048MB 2044MB primary lvm
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创建PV
[root@localhost zhongq]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created [root@localhost zhongq]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name centos PV Size 24.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 6274 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 6274 PV UUID 9hp8U7-IJM6-bwbP-G9Vn-IVuJ-yvE8-AkFjcB "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "1.90 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb1 VG Name PV Size 1.90 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID bu7yIH-1440-BPy1-APG2-FpvX-ejLS-2MIlA8
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将/dev/sdb1分配到名为xfsgroup00的VG
[root@localhost zhongq]# vgcreate xfsgroup00 /dev/sdb1 Volume group "xfsgroup00" successfully created [root@localhost zhongq]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 24.51 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 6274 Alloc PE / Size 6274 / 24.51 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID T3Ryyg-R0rn-2i5r-7L5o-AZKG-yFkh-CDzhKm --- Volume group --- VG Name xfsgroup00 System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 1 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 0 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 1.90 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 487 Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 Free PE / Size 487 / 1.90 GiB VG UUID ejuwcc-sVES-MWWB-3Mup-n1wB-Kd0g-u7jm0H
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使用命令lvcreate来创建xfsgroup00组大小为1G的名为xfsdata的LV
[root@localhost zhongq]# lvcreate -L 1024M -n xfsdata xfsgroup00 WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n] y Wiping xfs signature on /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata. Logical volume "xfsdata" created [root@localhost zhongq]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/swap LV Name swap VG Name centos LV UUID EnW3at-KlFG-XGaQ-DOoH-cGPP-8pSf-teSVbh LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-08-18 20:15:25 +0800 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 2.03 GiB Current LE 520 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/root LV Name root VG Name centos LV UUID zmZGkv-Ln4W-B8AY-oDnD-BEk2-6VWL-L0cZOv LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2014-08-18 20:15:26 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 22.48 GiB Current LE 5754 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata LV Name xfsdata VG Name xfsgroup00 LV UUID O4yvoY-XGcD-0zPm-eilR-3JJP-updU-rRCSlJ LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2014-09-23 15:50:19 +0800 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 1.00 GiB Current LE 256 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:3
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格式化分区为xfs文件系统。
注意：xfs被创建后，其size将无法缩小，但可以通过xfs_growfs来增大
[root@localhost zhongq]# mkfs.xfs /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata
meta-data=/dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
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挂载xfs系统分区到指定目录，并通过参数uquota,gquota开启文件系统配额。
[root@localhost zhongq]# mkdir /xfsdata [root@localhost zhongq]# mount -o uquota,gquota /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata /xfsdata [root@localhost zhongq]# chmod 777 /xfsdata [root@localhost zhongq]# mount|grep xfsdata /dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata on /xfsdata type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,usrquota,grpquota)
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使用xfs_quota命令来查看配额信息以及为用户和目录分配配额，并验证配额限制是否生效。
[root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_quota -x -c 'report' /xfsdata
User quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)
Blocks
User ID Used Soft Hard Warn/Grace
---------- --------------------------------------------------
root 0 0 0 00 [--------]
Group quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)
Blocks
Group ID Used Soft Hard Warn/Grace
---------- --------------------------------------------------
root 0 0 0 00 [--------]
[root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_quota -x -c 'limit bsoft=100M bhard=120M zhongq' /xfsdata
[root@localhost zhongq]#xfs_quota -x -c 'report' /xfsdata
User quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)
Blocks
User ID Used Soft Hard Warn/Grace
---------- --------------------------------------------------
root 0 0 0 00 [--------]
zhongq 0 102400 122880 00 [--------]
Group quota on /xfsdata (/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata)
Blocks
Group ID Used Soft Hard Warn/Grace
---------- --------------------------------------------------
root 0 0 0 00 [--------]
[root@localhost zhongq]# su zhongq
[zhongq@localhost ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/xfsdata/zq00 bs=1M count=100
100+0 records in
100+0 records out
104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 28.9833 s, 3.6 MB/s
[zhongq@localhost ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/xfsdata/zq01 bs=1M count=100
dd: error writing ‘/xfsdata/zq01’: Disk quota exceeded
21+0 records in
20+0 records out
20971520 bytes (21 MB) copied, 4.18921 s, 5.0 MB/s
[zhongq@localhost ~]$ exit
[root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_quota
xfs_quota> help
df [-bir] [-hn] [-f file] -- show free and used counts for blocks and inodes
help [command] -- help for one or all commands
print -- list known mount points and projects
quit -- exit the program
quota [-bir] [-gpu] [-hnNv] [-f file] [id|name]... -- show usage and limits
Use 'help commandname' for extended help.
xfs_quota> print
Filesystem Pathname
/ /dev/mapper/centos-root
/boot /dev/sda1
/var/lib/docker /dev/mapper/centos-root
/xfsdata /dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata (uquota, gquota)
xfs_quota> quota -u zhongq
Disk quotas for User zhongq (1000)
Filesystem Blocks Quota Limit Warn/Time Mounted on
/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata 122880 102400 122880 00 [6 days] /xfsdata
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先使用命令lvextend将LV扩展为1.5G(初始容量是1G)，然后使用命令xfs_growfs来对xfs文件系统扩容（这里以block计数）
[root@localhost zhongq]# lvextend -L 1.5G /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata
Extending logical volume xfsdata to 1.50 GiB
Logical volume xfsdata successfully resized
[root@localhost zhongq]# xfs_growfs /dev/xfsgroup00/xfsdata -D 393216
meta-data=/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 262144 to 393216
[root@localhost zhongq]# df -h|grep xfsdata
/dev/mapper/xfsgroup00-xfsdata 1.5G 153M 1.4G 10% /xfsdata