oracle的环境配置-网络配置的方法

网络配置的方法：

1、tnsname客户端--A 直接修改文件
                              B 通过客户端工具“网络配置助手”--win端直接打开调用Linux端，netca命令调出配置工具

2、监听器配置--服务器端

客户端配置监听服务室没有任何意义的，因为客户端没有oracle server

监听器配置文件：/u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

服务器端配置一个监听器

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
    )
  ) --新的监听器，监听器监听是1522端口

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

一个数据库实例被多个监听器监听案例

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl  status  --默认打开的是LISTENER

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1  --打开的是第二个监听器

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:28:42

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER1
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                06-JUN-2014 14:26:15
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 26 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully


将ORCL注册到第二个监听器：

修改监听器配置文件：

LISTENER1 =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME=ORCL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )

通过监听器2访问：创建一个1522端口的连接串访问。

      LISTENER1（1522）        LISTENER（1521）
        |                         |
        ---------------------------
               |
             ORCL
               |
           Oracle软件

并发访问：一个群组通过1521访问，一个群组通过1522访问.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

一个监听器监听多个端口案例

方法1：服务器端用netmgr工具添加端口

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = ORCL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
    )
  )

方法2：直接改这个配置文件

另外两个监听器都需要配置SID_LIST_串，监听器配置文件最终：

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = ORCL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
    )
  )


架构图：

      LISTENER1（1522、1527~1530）        LISTENER（1521、1523~1526）
        |                                           |
        ----------------------------------------------
               |
             ORCL
               |
           Oracle软件

尝试通过不同的监听器不同的端口访问oracle server

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:54:41

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                06-JUN-2014 14:48:35
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 6 min. 5 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1523)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1524)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1525)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1526)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 2 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 14:54:47

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER1
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                06-JUN-2014 14:49:08
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 5 min. 39 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1527)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1528)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1529)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1530)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

静态注册--监听参数是手工添加的，启动监听后强制将ORCL注册到监听器。由于是强制的，只能确认监听器是正确的，但是
        数据库不一定访问通，所以状态为UNKNOW。但是能否访问不是和这个状态有关系的。
动态注册--根据监听配置文件中的配置，由oracle的后台进程pmon将ORCL注册到监听器，而且是一定能访问通的，因为            PMON进程会测试。但是PMON不是时时刻刻都去注册的，有时间间隔，所以先启动数据库再启动监听不一定
        马上监到，    有时间的延迟，因为pmon的工作是有时间间隔的。一旦监听到，状态为ready，即一定能访问通。

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ ps -ef|grep ora_pmon
oracle    9190     1  0 11:07 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_ORCL


Oracle默认监听的注册方法是动态注册，即往默认的监听器LISTENER上注册，listener.ora文件中不需要SID_LIST_LISTENER即可。但是静态注册必须要SID_LIST_LISTENER串和LISTENER串。

LISTENER1 =                        --LISTENER1静态注册
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = ORCL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )

LISTENER =                                   --LISTENER动态注册
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
    )
  )


可以改变默认的注册监听器：即将默认的监听器由LISTENER改为LISTENER1（LISTENER1改为动态的，LISTENER改为静态的），需要做以下几步：

step1：在oracle server的tnsname.ora文件中配置一个连接串：

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.3.3)(PORT = 1522))   --1522对应的监听器是非默认的LISTENER1
    )
 )

step2：修改oracle参数：

SQL> alter system set local_listener=ORCL;

系统已更改。   --这样oracle默认往1522对应的监听器上做动态注册。

step3：修改listener.ora文件

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER1 =                 --LISTENER1变为动态注册
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1522))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1527))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1528))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1529))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1530))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =     --LISTENER变为静态注册
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = ORCL)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1523))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1524))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1525))
    )
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle3)(PORT = 1526))
    )
  )

step4：动态注册不能马上生效，要等pmon进程，有延迟，但是可以强制马上

SQL> alter system register; --不等pmon，强制注册

系统已更改。

step5：确认

[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 16:05:49

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                06-JUN-2014 15:46:21
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 19 min. 28 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1523)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1524)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1525)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1526)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...          --LISTENER为静态注册
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully


[oracle@oracle3 admin]$ lsnrctl status LISTENER1

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 06-JUN-2014 16:06:24

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER1
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                06-JUN-2014 15:46:28
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 19 min. 56 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener1.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1522)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1527)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1528)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1529)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle3)(PORT=1530)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...   --LISTENER1为动态注册
Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCL_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

注意：
1、一个实例只能有一个动态注册监听器，可以有多个静态注册的监听器。
2、动态注册监听器在某些时候是不可用的，pmon休息的时候，此时需要加一个静态注册监听，这样保证数据库可以时时刻刻对外访问。
3、多个监听器可以均衡访问的负载
4、到底用默认还是非默认的监听器做动态注册，取决于local_listener参数，默认是NULL，表示默认LISTENER是动态注册的，如果有值，根据值找到动态注册的监听器。