CentOS 6.5 x86_64 系统定制自动化部署
一、制作环境准备
实验环境：
VMware Workstation
CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal 最小化安装
安装后，我们会使用系统 /root 目录下 install.log 和 anaconda-ks.cfg 这两个文件（在此基础上修改比较方便）
1.1 定制步骤
1、安装最小化的操作系统.包括基本的系统和所需要的工具等.
比如:对于http,mysql等软件,建议使用编译的方式安装, 然后打包放进去,可以减少许多依赖包的麻烦.
2、安装系统后,收集系统已安装的软件包,使用脚本统一转存到一个目录中.
3、在安装光盘复制images镜像,从光盘启动centos安装所需的文件等.
4、定义自己的kickstart安装脚本.
5、按照之前转存的软件(rpm)包, 重新生成光盘的report信息.
6、打包生成ISO文件，及MD5效验码.
1.2 安装所需工具包
[root@skype ~]# yum -y install anaconda repodata createrepo mkisofs rsync
1.3 下载CentOS 6.5镜像
为了方便制作，我们可以在VMware、vbox、xen等虚拟环境中进行安装，这里我们选用了VMware作为制作环境。我们可以在官网或者其他比较近的镜像站点下载CentOS 镜像文件。CentOS-6.4-x86_64-minimal.iso
二、定制系统
2.1 光盘目录结构
*isolinux 目录存放光盘启动时的安装界面信息
*images 目录包括了必要的启动映像文件
*Packages 目录存放安装软件包及信息
*.discinfo 文件是安装价质的识别信息
MediaCentOS 目录存放媒体中心安装包
Repodata 目录存放rpm包依赖信息
5.x 系列， boot.iso 存在于 images/ 这个目录。
6.x 系列， 存放于 /isolinux 目录下
6.x 网络安装需要在官网下载：netinstall.iso 镜像文件。
2.2 挂载并拷贝文件
目录规划：
挂载目录为： /mnt
定制光盘文件目录： /root/iso
[root@skype ~]# pwd
/root
[root@skype ~]# mkdir iso # 建立iso文件制作目录
[root@skype ~]# mkdir -p ./iso/{Packages,repodata} # 建立软件包目录和repodata目录
[root@skype ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt # 挂载 DVD
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
# 拷贝 源DVD镜像中，除了Packages,repodata 目录外的所有文件到 iso 目录
[root@skype ~]# /usr/bin/rsync -a --exclude=Packages --exclude=repodata /mnt/ ./iso/
[root@skype ~]# ls iso
CentOS_BuildTag GPL Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
EFI images RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 TRANS.TBL
EULA isolinux repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6
# 参考当前系统的安装包，拷贝
[root@skype ~]# awk '/Installing/ {print $2}' install.log | xargs -i cp /mnt/Packages/{}.rpm ./iso/Packages/
[root@skype ~]# ls iso/Packages/ | wc -l
205
# 执行createrepo程序生成repodata下的comps.xml文件（重要）
#comps.xml 文件中包含了安装时用户所见到的与rpm相关的所有内容，它会检查Packages下
# 的RPM包的依赖关系，安装时如果缺少依赖包，它会提示您哪个RPM 包需要哪些依赖库。
[root@skype ~]# pwd
/root
# 编辑 shell 脚本， 并执行
#!/bin/bash
ISO_DIR=/root/iso
cd ${ISO_DIR}
declare -x discinfo=$(head -1 .discinfo)
cp /mnt/repodata/*-minimal-x86_64.xml ${ISO_DIR}/repodata/minimal-x86_64.xml
createrepo -g ${ISO_DIR}/repodata/minimal-x86_64.xml ${ISO_DIR}
createrepo -u "media://$discinfo" -g ${ISO_DIR}/repodata/*-minimal-x86_64.xml ${ISO_DIR}
###
到这里，comps.xml文件和其他相关联的文件已被重新生成到repodata目录下。
Tips2：如果你新增或删除了Packages目录的RPM包，请重新生成comps.xml文件。
三、制作 ks.cfg 脚本
ks文件由系统安装所创建的 anaconda-ks.cfg进行修改，当然也可以用system-config-kickstart工具制作而得。这里大家需要根据实际情况进行修改：
默认root用户密码： 123456
静态获取地址
硬盘至少15G
[root@skype ~]# pwd /root [root@skype ~]# cp anaconda-ks.cfg ./iso/isolinux/ks.cfg [root@skype ~]# vim ./iso/isolinux/ks.cfg ## 请根据实际情况进行调整 # Kickstart file automatically generated byanaconda. #version=DEVEL install cdrom lang en_US.UTF-8 keyboard us network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto static --noipv6 --ip=192.168.3.132 --netmask=255.255.255.0 --gateway=192.168.3.254 rootpw --iscrypted$6$060kt9rryFXbrlgx$WWWNQYLnpz0Es8dTlouy3LXqjTdHIRToojidbpYoZrd2ETOJ.JsNbgnMylQVbFRThPZwSdRKJcrAml7LQDdR00 firewall --service=ssh authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 selinux --disabled timezone --utc Asia/Chongqing text firstboot --disable logging --level=info reboot bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet" zerombr # The following is the partitioninformation you requested # Note that any partitions you deleted arenot expressed # here so unless you clear all partitionsfirst, this is # not guaranteed to work #clearpart --none #part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=200 #part swap --size=2048 #part / --fstype=ext4 --grow --size=200 clearpart --all --initlabel part /boot --fstype=ext4 --size=200 part swap --size=2048 part / --fstype=ext4 --size=10240 part /data --fstype=ext4 --size=1 --grow # repo --name="CentOS" --baseurl=cdrom:sr0 --cost=100 %packages --nobase @core %end
四、修改 isolinux.cfg 配置文件，指定 ks 路径
注意，编辑这个文件，需要强制保存。 :wq!
[root@skype ~]# vi ./iso/isolinux/isolinux.cfg default vesamenu.c32 #prompt 1 timeout 600 display boot.msg menu background splash.jpg menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.5! menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000 menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000 menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000 label linux menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system menu default kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img ks=cdrom:/isolinux/ks.cfg # 仅修改这里即可 label vesa menu label Install system with ^basic video driver kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img xdriver=vesa nomodeset label rescue menu label ^Rescue installed system kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img rescue label local menu label Boot from ^local drive localboot 0xffff label memtest86 menu label ^Memory test kernel memtest append -
五、生成iso镜像，并生成 MD5校验码
## 注意所在的目录 [root@skype ~]# pwd /root [root@skype ~]# cd iso [root@skype iso]# pwd /root/iso [root@skype iso]# mkisofs -o CentOS-6.4_64.iso -input-charset utf-8 -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -R -J -v -T -joliet-long /root/iso genisoimage 1.1.9 (Linux) Scanning /root/iso Excluded: /root/iso/TRANS.TBL Scanning /root/iso/repodata Scanning /root/iso/isolinux Excluded: /root/iso/isolinux/TRANS.TBL Excluded by match: /root/iso/isolinux/boot.cat Scanning /root/iso/EFI Excluded: /root/iso/EFI/TRANS.TBL Scanning /root/iso/EFI/BOOT Excluded: /root/iso/EFI/BOOT/TRANS.TBL Scanning /root/iso/images Excluded: /root/iso/images/TRANS.TBL Scanning /root/iso/images/pxeboot Excluded: /root/iso/images/pxeboot/TRANS.TBL Scanning /root/iso/Packages Using RPM_G000.;1 for /RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 (RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6) Using RPM_G001.;1 for /RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6 (RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6) Using RPM_G002.;1 for /RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 (RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6) Using CE2D6000.GZ;1 for /root/iso/repodata/ce2d698b9fb1413b668443e88835a0642cea8f387c7f25cc946f56dd93f109bb-34bae2d3c9c78e04ed2429923bc095005af1b166d1a354422c4c04274bae0f59-minimal-x86_64.xml.gz (ce2d698b9fb1413b668443e88835a0642cea8f387c7f25cc946f56dd93f109bb-minimal-x86_64.xml.gz) Using NSS_S000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/nss-softokn-freebl-3.14.3-9.el6.x86_64.rpm (nss-softokn-3.14.3-9.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using OPENS000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/openssh-5.3p1-94.el6.x86_64.rpm (openssh-clients-5.3p1-94.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using DEVIC000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/device-mapper-persistent-data-0.2.8-2.el6.x86_64.rpm (device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using FIPSC000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/fipscheck-1.2.0-7.el6.x86_64.rpm (fipscheck-lib-1.2.0-7.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using DEVIC001.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm (device-mapper-multipath-libs-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using CRYPT000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/cryptsetup-luks-1.2.0-7.el6.x86_64.rpm (cryptsetup-luks-libs-1.2.0-7.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using DEVIC002.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/device-mapper-multipath-libs-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm (device-mapper-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using IPTAB000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/iptables-1.4.7-11.el6.x86_64.rpm (iptables-ipv6-1.4.7-11.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using LIBSE000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/libselinux-utils-2.0.94-5.3.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm (libselinux-2.0.94-5.3.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm) Using NCURS000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/ncurses-libs-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64.rpm (ncurses-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using DEVIC003.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/device-mapper-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm (device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using DEVIC004.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm (device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using NCURS001.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/ncurses-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64.rpm (ncurses-base-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using SELIN000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/selinux-policy-3.7.19-231.el6.noarch.rpm (selinux-policy-targeted-3.7.19-231.el6.noarch.rpm) Using E2FSP000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/e2fsprogs-libs-1.41.12-18.el6.x86_64.rpm (e2fsprogs-1.41.12-18.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using COREU000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/coreutils-8.4-31.el6.x86_64.rpm (coreutils-libs-8.4-31.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using CYRUS000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/cyrus-sasl-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm (cyrus-sasl-lib-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.x86_64.rpm) Using P11_K000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/p11-kit-trust-0.18.5-2.el6.x86_64.rpm (p11-kit-0.18.5-2.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using OPENS001.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/openssh-clients-5.3p1-94.el6.x86_64.rpm (openssh-server-5.3p1-94.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using PLYMO000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/plymouth-core-libs-0.8.3-27.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm (plymouth-0.8.3-27.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm) Using CRACK000.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/cracklib-dicts-2.8.16-4.el6.x86_64.rpm (cracklib-2.8.16-4.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using DEVIC005.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9-72.el6.x86_64.rpm (device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64.rpm) Using PLYMO001.RPM;1 for /root/iso/Packages/plymouth-0.8.3-27.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm (plymouth-scripts-0.8.3-27.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm) Writing: Initial Padblock Start Block 0 Done with: Initial Padblock Block(s) 16 Writing: Primary Volume Descriptor Start Block 16 Done with: Primary Volume Descriptor Block(s) 1 Writing: Eltorito Volume Descriptor Start Block 17 Size of boot image is 4 sectors -> No emulation Done with: Eltorito Volume Descriptor Block(s) 1 Writing: Joliet Volume Descriptor Start Block 18 Done with: Joliet Volume Descriptor Block(s) 1 Writing: End Volume Descriptor Start Block 19 Done with: End Volume Descriptor Block(s) 1 Writing: Version block Start Block 20 Done with: Version block Block(s) 1 Writing: Path table Start Block 21 Done with: Path table Block(s) 4 Writing: Joliet path table Start Block 25 Done with: Joliet path table Block(s) 4 Writing: Directory tree Start Block 29 Done with: Directory tree Block(s) 27 Writing: Joliet directory tree Start Block 56 Done with: Joliet directory tree Block(s) 18 Writing: Directory tree cleanup Start Block 74 Done with: Directory tree cleanup Block(s) 0 Writing: Extension record Start Block 74 Done with: Extension record Block(s) 1 Writing: The File(s) Start Block 75 2.48% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:32 2015 4.95% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:12 2015 7.43% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:05 2015 9.90% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:02 2015 12.37% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:08 2015 14.85% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:05 2015 17.32% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:03 2015 19.80% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:07 2015 22.28% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:09 2015 24.75% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:08 2015 27.22% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:06 2015 29.69% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:05 2015 32.17% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:07 2015 34.64% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:06 2015 37.12% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:08 2015 39.59% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:07 2015 42.07% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:08 2015 44.54% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:07 2015 47.02% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:06 2015 49.49% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:08 2015 51.97% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:09 2015 54.44% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:08 2015 56.91% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:09 2015 59.39% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:08 2015 61.86% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:09 2015 64.34% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:09 2015 66.81% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:08 2015 69.29% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:07 2015 71.76% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:07 2015 74.24% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:06 2015 76.71% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:06 2015 79.18% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:05 2015 81.66% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:05 2015 84.14% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:05 2015 86.61% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:05 2015 89.09% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:05 2015 91.56% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:06 2015 94.04% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:05 2015 96.51% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:05 2015 98.98% done, estimate finish Sat Apr 4 23:51:05 2015 Total translation table size: 63812 Total rockridge attributes bytes: 28361 Total directory bytes: 49152 Path table size(bytes): 112 Done with: The File(s) Block(s) 201838 Writing: Ending Padblock Start Block 201913 Done with: Ending Padblock Block(s) 150 Max brk space used 5e000 202063 extents written (394 MB) ## OK， 此时会在 /root/iso 目录创建一个名为CentOS-6.4_64.iso 的镜像文件 [root@skype iso]# ls *.iso CentOS-6.4_64.iso ### MD5 校验码 [root@skype iso]# pwd /root/iso [root@skype iso]# ls CentOS-6.4_64.iso EULA isolinux repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6 CentOS_BuildTag GPL Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6 EFI images RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 TRANS.TBL [root@skype iso]# /usr/bin/implantisomd5 CentOS-6.4_64.iso Inserting md5sum into iso image... md5 = 90d069e78dddfb79877b4ab346ff2d50 Inserting fragment md5sums into iso image... fragmd5 = 16b043bf617895ecdee76fae52dfa8c926525e3a645ae1bf96f259a5e895 frags = 20 Setting supported flag to 0 [root@skype iso]#
六、安装测试
可以通过 Filezilla ，winscp 等软件把 iso 镜像传出来。然后可以通过虚拟机安装测试，如果测试没有问题，那么就可以刻录成光盘了。
通过 VMware Workstation 创建虚拟机，然后使用刚才我们创建的镜像。然后启动虚拟机，就会自动安装了。是不是 so easy ...
