使用keepalived实现nginx的高可用性

一,简介

 nginx是一款轻量级的web服务器和反向代理服务器,它拥有较强的并发能力,较为简单灵活的配置,以及超强的性能。nginx越来越受到人们的关注,国内许多站点都采用nginx作为其web服务器或者反向代理。

  keepalived是linux中使用vrrp协议实现高可用功能的一个软件,vrrp可以将两台或者多台路由设备虚拟成一台设备,并提供vip供外网访问,内部通过相应算法选举出MASTER,将vip配置在MASTER上,向外提供相应服务,当MASTER宕机时,BACKUP在一定时间内接收不到MASTER传递过来的信息时,此时,选举会再次发生,BACKUP节点就会取代MASTER节点,成为新的MASTER,并继续向外提供服务,这就实现了服务的高可用性。

二,实验环境

两台linux主机,系统版本为redhat5.8 32位

node1的ip地址为: 192.168.1.85

node2的ip地址为: 192.168.1.86

vip为: 192.168.1.90

keepalived软件版本 keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz 下载地址:http://www.keepalived.org/download.html


nginx软件版本为:nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz  下载地址为 http://nginx.org/


三,实验过程

1,解压并安装相应软件

keepalived:

tar xf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz 
cd keepalived-1.2.7
./configure 
make 
make install

(1)拷贝相应文件到相应目录中

cp /usr/local/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
cp /usr/local/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
cp /usr/local/etc/keepalived/ /etc/ -r

(2)编辑keepalived.conf配置文件

cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bkup 保存一份配置

编辑如下

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
    root@localhost     #定义收件人
   }
   notification_email_from keepalived@localhost    #定义发件人
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
    script "killall -0 nginx"     #检测nginx是否在线
    interval 1        #检测周期为1秒
    weight 2          #如果nginx不在线,则权重降低2
}
vrrp_script chk_keepalived_down {
   script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0"  #测试keepalived的主备切换情况
   interval 1
   weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER      #node1为主节点
    interface eth0    #监听的接口
    virtual_router_id 52    #虚拟路由ID,两端必须一致

 

    priority 101     #优先级,MASTER端要高于BACKUP端
    advert_int 1     #通告周期 1 秒
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS    #认证方式
        auth_pass 1111    #认证秘钥
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.90     #vip的设定
    }
    track_script {      #要执行的检测脚本
        chk_nginx
        chk_mantaince_down
    }

keepalived.conf中还有许多内容,但都是为lvs准备,这里并没有启动lvs功能,所以都删掉了。

node2的配置和node1类似,只不过要把state MASTER改为BACKUP,把优先级调的比MASTER小一些即可。


nginx:

(1)解决依赖关系

yum install pcre-devel -y

(2)添加用户和组

groupadd -r nginx
useradd -r -g nginx nginx

(3)解压并编译安装

tar xf  nginx-1.4.7.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.4.7
 ./configure   --prefix=/usr   --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx   --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf   --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log   --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log   --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid    --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock   --user=nginx   --group=nginx   --with-http_ssl_module   --with-http_flv_module   --with-http_stub_status_module   --with-http_gzip_static_module   --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/   --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/   --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/   --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi   --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi   --with-pcre

make && make install

(4)修改下主页后就可以启动服务了


在两个节点上启动keepalived

service keepalived start

在node1上查看日志

tail /var/log/messages
Aug 19 19:12:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[27587]: VRRP_Script(chk_nginx) succeeded
Aug 19 19:12:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[27587]: VRRP_Script(chk_mantaince_down) succeeded
Aug 19 19:12:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[27587]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Aug 19 19:12:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[27587]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Aug 19 19:12:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[27587]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Aug 19 19:12:18 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[27586]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.90 added
Aug 19 19:12:18 localhost avahi-daemon[3327]: Registering new address record for 192.168.1.90 on eth0.
Aug 19 19:12:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[27587]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.1.90
Aug 19 19:12:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[27587]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.90 added
Aug 19 19:12:23 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[27587]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.1.90

可以看到node1被选举为master,vip配置在node1上

使用ip addr 查看

...
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:12:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.85/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
    inet 192.168.1.90/32 scope global eth0


查看node2上日志信息

Aug 19 19:12:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Aug 19 19:12:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Aug 19 19:12:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channel
Aug 19 19:12:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.
Aug 19 19:12:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: Configuration is using : 40529 Bytes
Aug 19 19:12:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
Aug 19 19:12:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Aug 19 19:12:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(11,12)]
Aug 19 19:12:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: VRRP_Script(chk_nginx) succeeded
Aug 19 19:12:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: VRRP_Script(chk_mantaince_down) succeeded

为backup状态


此时打开浏览器访问vip 192.168.1.90 提供页面的是node1


将node1上的nginx服务down掉

service nginx stop

再次查看node1 上的日志

Aug 19 19:18:15 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[27587]: VRRP_Script(chk_nginx) failed
Aug 19 19:18:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[27587]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Received higher prio advert
Aug 19 19:18:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[27587]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Aug 19 19:18:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[27587]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Aug 19 19:18:16 localhost Keepalived_healthcheckers[27586]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.90 removed
Aug 19 19:18:16 localhost avahi-daemon[3327]: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.1.90 on eth0.
Aug 19 19:18:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[27587]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.90 removed
Aug 19 19:18:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[27587]: VRRP_Script(chk_nginx) succeeded

此时,node1已经变为backup状态,vip也已经被移除


查看node2的日志信息

Aug 19 19:12:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: VRRP_Script(chk_nginx) succeeded
Aug 19 19:12:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: VRRP_Script(chk_mantaince_down) succeeded
Aug 19 19:18:16 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) forcing a new MASTER election
Aug 19 19:18:17 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Aug 19 19:18:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Aug 19 19:18:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Aug 19 19:18:18 localhost Keepalived_vrrp[16800]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.1.90

node2成为master节点,整个切换过程完成。


你可能感兴趣的:(nginx,Web,高可用,keepalived,集群)