zabbix数据库表结构简单解析
zabbix数据库表结构-持续更新
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原文 http://www.furion.info/623.html
主题 MySQL zabbix 数据压缩
zabbix数据库表结构的重要性
想理解zabbix的前端代码、做深入的二次开发，甚至的调优，那就不能不了解数据库的表结构了。
我们这里采用的zabbix1.8、mysql，所以简单的说下我们mysql这边的表结构，其他环境不保证正确。
actions
actions表记录了当触发器触发时，需要采用的动作。
mysql> desc actions; +---------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +---------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | actionid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | name | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | eventsource | int(11) | NO | MUL | 0 | | | evaltype | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | status | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | esc_period | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | def_shortdata | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | def_longdata | blob | NO | | NULL | | | recovery_msg | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | r_shortdata | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | r_longdata | blob | NO | | NULL | | +---------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
alerts
alerts 表保存了历史的告警事件，可以从这个表里面去做一些统计分析，例如某个部门、
某人、某类时间的告警统计，以及更深入的故障发生、恢复时间，看你想怎么用了。
mysql> desc alerts; +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| alertid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | actionid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | eventid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | userid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | clock | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | | | mediatypeid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | sendto | varchar(100) | NO | | | | | subject | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | message | blob | NO | | NULL | | | status | int(11) | NO | MUL | 0 | | | retries | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | error | varchar(128) | NO | | | | | nextcheck | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | esc_step | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | alerttype | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
config
config表保存了全局的参数，前端包括后端也是，很多情况下会查询改表的参数的，例如用户的自定义主题、
登陆认证类型等，非常重要，
不过对我们做数据分析意义不大。
mysql> desc config; +-------------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------------+-------+ | configid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | alert_history | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | event_history | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | refresh_unsupported | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | work_period | varchar(100) | NO | | 1-5,00:00-24:00 | | | alert_usrgrpid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | event_ack_enable | int(11) | NO | | 1 | | | event_expire | int(11) | NO | | 7 | | | event_show_max | int(11) | NO | | 100 | | | default_theme | varchar(128) | NO | | default.css | | | authentication_type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | ldap_host | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | ldap_port | int(11) | NO | | 389 | | | ldap_base_dn | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | ldap_bind_dn | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | ldap_bind_password | varchar(128) | NO | | | | | ldap_search_attribute | varchar(128) | NO | | | | | dropdown_first_entry | int(11) | NO | | 1 | | | dropdown_first_remember | int(11) | NO | | 1 | | | discovery_groupid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | max_in_table | int(11) | NO | | 50 | | | search_limit | int(11) | NO | | 1000 | | +-------------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------------+-------+
functions
function 表时非常重要的一个表了，记录了trigger中使用的表达式，例如max、last、nodata等函数。
但其实这个表说他重要时因为同时记录了trigger、itemid，那就可以做一些API的开发了，例如根据
IP 茶香改IP的所有trigger，我记得1.8的版本的API是无法实现我说的这个功能的，那只能利用
function表去自己查询了。
mysql> desc functions ; +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | functionid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | triggerid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | lastvalue | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | function | varchar(12) | NO | | | | | parameter | varchar(255) | NO | | 0 | | +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
graphs
graphs 表包含了用户定义的图表信息，同样的玩法可以是根据IP去查询改IP下的所有图表，
不过似乎是有API的，我只是举例而已。
mysql> desc graphs; +------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | graphid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | name | varchar(128) | NO | MUL | | | | width | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | height | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | yaxismin | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | | yaxismax | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | | templateid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | show_work_period | int(11) | NO | | 1 | | | show_triggers | int(11) | NO | | 1 | | | graphtype | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | show_legend | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | show_3d | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | percent_left | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | | percent_right | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | | ymin_type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | ymax_type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | ymin_itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | ymax_itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | +------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
graphs_items
graphs_items 保存了属于某个图表的所有的监控项信息。
mysql> desc graphs_items; +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | gitemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | graphid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | drawtype | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | sortorder | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | color | varchar(6) | NO | | 009600 | | | yaxisside | int(11) | NO | | 1 | | | calc_fnc | int(11) | NO | | 2 | | | type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | periods_cnt | int(11) | NO | | 5 | | +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
groups
groups 没啥说的，都懂，就是保存了组名和组的ID 。
mysql> desc groups ;+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| groupid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | name | varchar(64) | NO | MUL | | | | internal | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |+----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
history 、history_str、history_log 、history_uint_sync等
这部分表都差不多，唯一不同的是保存的数据类型，history_str保存的数据
类型就算str即字符类型的。这个是和采集时设置的数据类型一致的。
需要注意的时，因为history表有这么多的类型，那自己写报表系统等去查询
数据时，就需要判断下数据的采集类型，如果查错了表，那肯定时没有数据的。
mysql> desc history; +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | clock | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | | | value | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ mysql> desc history_str;+--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | clock | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | value | varchar(255) | NO | | | | +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
其他的类似，不贴了。
trends、trends_uint
trends 也是保存了历史数据用的，和history不同的时，trends表仅仅保存了
小时平均的值，即你可以理解为是history表的数据压缩。所以trends表也有
很多的类型，对应history。
值的注意的trends和history表这两类表数据量都非常大，我们一天大概就要有
40G 的数据。
所以注意定是去做压缩、删除。
mysql> desc trends; +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | clock | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | | | num | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | value_min | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | | value_avg | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | | value_max | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ mysql> desc trends_uint;+-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | clock | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | | | num | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | value_min | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | value_avg | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | value_max | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
hosts
hosts 非常重要，保存了每个agent、proxy等的IP 、hostid、状态、IPMI等信息，
几乎是记录了一台设备的所有的信息。
当然hostid是当中非常非常重要的信息，其他的表一般都时关联hostid的。
mysql> desc hosts; +--------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------+-------+ | hostid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | proxy_hostid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | host | varchar(64) | NO | MUL | | | | dns | varchar(64) | NO | | | | | useip | int(11) | NO | | 1 | | | ip | varchar(39) | NO | | 127.0.0.1 | | | port | int(11) | NO | | 10050 | | | status | int(11) | NO | MUL | 0 | | | disable_until | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | error | varchar(128) | NO | | | | | available | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | errors_from | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | lastaccess | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | inbytes | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | outbytes | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | useipmi | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | ipmi_port | int(11) | NO | | 623 | | | ipmi_authtype | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | ipmi_privilege | int(11) | NO | | 2 | | | ipmi_username | varchar(16) | NO | | | | | ipmi_password | varchar(20) | NO | | | | | ipmi_disable_until | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | ipmi_available | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | snmp_disable_until | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | snmp_available | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | maintenanceid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | maintenance_status | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | maintenance_type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | maintenance_from | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | ipmi_ip | varchar(64) | NO | | 127.0.0.1 | | | ipmi_errors_from | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | snmp_errors_from | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | ipmi_error | varchar(128) | NO | | | | | snmp_error | varchar(128) | NO | | | | +--------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------+-------+
其实1.0的版本中，是没有这么多的字段的，好像只有hostid、host、status、disable_until
等几个字段，但1.8已经如此丰富了。
hosts_groups
hosts_groups 保存了host（主机）与host groups（主机组）的关联关系。
这部分信息可以在我们自己做一些批量查询，例如查询关联到某个主机组的所有
设备的IP 、存活状态等，进一步去查询该批量设备的load、IO、mem等统计信息。
我之前做的一个简单的报表就是例如了这部分的信息去查询某个业务线下所有设备
的一周统计信息，当然了是在同一个主机组或者模版组才可以的。
mysql> desc hosts_groups ;+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| hostgroupid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | hostid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | groupid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | |+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
items
items 表保存了采集项的信息。
mysql> desc items ; +-----------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-----------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | snmp_community | varchar(64) | NO | | | | | snmp_oid | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | snmp_port | int(11) | NO | | 161 | | | hostid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | description | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | key_ | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | delay | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | history | int(11) | NO | | 90 | | | trends | int(11) | NO | | 365 | | | lastvalue | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | lastclock | int(11) | YES | | NULL | | | prevvalue | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | status | int(11) | NO | MUL | 0 | | | value_type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | trapper_hosts | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | units | varchar(10) | NO | | | | | multiplier | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | delta | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | prevorgvalue | varchar(255) | YES | | NULL | | | snmpv3_securityname | varchar(64) | NO | | | | | snmpv3_securitylevel | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | snmpv3_authpassphrase | varchar(64) | NO | | | | | snmpv3_privpassphrase | varchar(64) | NO | | | | | formula | varchar(255) | NO | | 1 | | | error | varchar(128) | NO | | | | | lastlogsize | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | logtimefmt | varchar(64) | NO | | | | | templateid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | valuemapid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | delay_flex | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | params | text | NO | | NULL | | | ipmi_sensor | varchar(128) | NO | | | | | data_type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | authtype | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | username | varchar(64) | NO | | | | | password | varchar(64) | NO | | | | | publickey | varchar(64) | NO | | | | | privatekey | varchar(64) | NO | | | | | mtime | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | +-----------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
media
media 保存了某个用户的media配置项，即对应的告警方式。
mysql> desc media; +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------------+-------+ | mediaid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | userid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | mediatypeid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | sendto | varchar(100) | NO | | | | | active | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | severity | int(11) | NO | | 63 | | | period | varchar(100) | NO | | 1-7,00:00-23:59 | | +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------------+-------+
media_type
media_type 表与media 表不同的是media_type 记录了某个告警方式对应的脚步等的存放路径。
mysql> desc media_type;+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| mediatypeid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | description | varchar(100) | NO | | | | | smtp_server | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | smtp_helo | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | smtp_email | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | exec_path | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | gsm_modem | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | username | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | passwd | varchar(255) | NO | | | |+-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
media 与media_type 通过mediatypeid 键关联。
profiles
profiles 表保存了用户的一些配置项。
mysql> desc profiles ; +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | profileid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | userid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | idx | varchar(96) | NO | | | | | idx2 | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | value_id | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | value_int | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | value_str | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | source | varchar(96) | NO | | | | | type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
rights
rights 表保存了用户组的权限信息，zabbix的权限一直也是我理不太清的地方，
其实这个表里面有详细的记录。
mysql> desc rights; +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | rightid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | groupid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | permission | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | id | bigint(20) unsigned | YES | MUL | NULL | | +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
screeens
screeens 表保存了用户定义的图片。
mysql> desc graphs; +------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | graphid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | name | varchar(128) | NO | MUL | | | | width | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | height | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | yaxismin | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | | yaxismax | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | | templateid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | show_work_period | int(11) | NO | | 1 | | | show_triggers | int(11) | NO | | 1 | | | graphtype | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | show_legend | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | show_3d | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | percent_left | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | | percent_right | double(16,4) | NO | | 0.0000 | | | ymin_type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | ymax_type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | ymin_itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | ymax_itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | +------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
screeens_items
同graphs_items。
mysql> desc screens_items; +--------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +--------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | screenitemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | screenid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | resourcetype | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | resourceid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | width | int(11) | NO | | 320 | | | height | int(11) | NO | | 200 | | | x | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | y | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | colspan | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | rowspan | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | elements | int(11) | NO | | 25 | | | valign | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | halign | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | style | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | url | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | dynamic | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | +--------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
sessions
sessions 表很重要，保存了每个用户的sessions,在登陆、注销的时候均会操作
该张表的。
做cas等统一认证时，需要了解下该表和相关的登陆、验证流程。有兴趣的看我
前面的文章吧。
mysql> desc sessions;+------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| sessionid | varchar(32) | NO | PRI | | | | userid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | lastaccess | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | status | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |+------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
triggers
triggers 顾名思义保存了trigger的所有信息。
mysql> desc triggers; +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | triggerid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | expression | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | description | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | url | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | status | int(11) | NO | MUL | 0 | | | value | int(11) | NO | MUL | 0 | | | priority | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | lastchange | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | dep_level | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | comments | blob | NO | | NULL | | | error | varchar(128) | NO | | | | | templateid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | | 0 | | | type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
trigger_depends
trigger_depends 保存了trigger的依赖关系。
mysql> desc trigger_depends;+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| triggerdepid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | triggerid_down | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | | | triggerid_up | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | MUL | 0 | |+----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
users
不需要解释了,值的一提的部分用户配置会在该表中，例如auotlogin、autologout、
url、theme等信息。
mysql> desc users; +----------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------+-------+ | userid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO | PRI | 0 | | | alias | varchar(100) | NO | MUL | | | | name | varchar(100) | NO | | | | | surname | varchar(100) | NO | | | | | passwd | char(32) | NO | | | | | url | varchar(255) | NO | | | | | autologin | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | autologout | int(11) | NO | | 900 | | | lang | varchar(5) | NO | | en_gb | | | refresh | int(11) | NO | | 30 | | | type | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | theme | varchar(128) | NO | | default.css | | | attempt_failed | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | attempt_ip | varchar(39) | NO | | | | | attempt_clock | int(11) | NO | | 0 | | | rows_per_page | int(11) | NO | | 50 | | +----------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------+-------+