apache2.4.17 编译安装
准备安装包：
httpd-2.4.17.tar
apr-util-1.5.4.tar
apr-1.5.2.tar
httpd-2.4依赖于较高版本的apr(1.5以上)和apr-util
apr: apache portable runtime（移植运行）是一个让api,让apache能够跨平台的工具，是一个底层库
apache支持正则表达式依赖于pcre（正则表达式函数库），安装其开发包pcre-devel即可
下载地址：
http://apr.apache.org/
http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
安装步骤：
1. 先安装编译开发环境和一些必须的包
yuminstall pcre-devel #使用pcre正则表达式要用到 yuminstall gcc gcc-c++ #编译工具
2. 安装apache服务器
(a) 解压httpd安装包
tar xvzf httpd-2.4.17.tar.gz
(b) httpd需要apr和apr-util,解压后放在已解压的httpd-2.4.17/srclib目录下，并把目录名字分别改为apr和apr-util。后
面编绎要用到--with-included-apr选项，安装apr和apr-util库
tar xvzf apr-1.5.2.tar.gz -C httpd-2.4.17/srclib tar xvzf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz -C httpd-2.4.17/srclib
(c) 开始安装apache，根据需要调整所需选项
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2--with-included-apr --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd2.4/conf/ --enable-so--enable-rewrite --with-pcre --enable-modules=most --with-zlib --enable-cgi make && make install
各项参数含义：
--prefix=/usr/local/apache #指定安装目标路径
--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd2.4 #指定配置文件安装位置
--enable-so #支持动态共享模块
--enable-cgi #启用支持cgi
--enable-rewirte #支持URL重写
--with-zlib #网络上发送数据报文时通用压缩库的API
--enable-ssl #启用支持ssl
--with-apr=/usr/local/apr #指定依赖包apr路径
--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util #指定依赖包apr-util路径
--enable-modules=all|most #安装全部模块或大多数模块
--enable-mpms-shared=all #支持全部多道处理方式
--with-event: #指定默认使用event
--enable-cgid :启用支持带线状图形的CGI脚本 MPMs
(d) 编辑/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf 修改用户名和组名为apache，没有的话就创建一个。默认用户和组为
daemon
vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf Userdaemon -> User apache Groupdaemon -> Group apache
(e) 启动测试
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start curl http://localhost
显示<html><body><h1>Itworks!</h1></body></html> 即为成功启动
3. 后续的配置
(a) 导出头文件
ln -sv /usr/local/apache2/include/ /usr/include/httpd "/usr/include/httpd" -> "/usr/local/apache2/include/"
(b) 导出库文件（没有生成库文件）
(c) 导出man手册
vim/etc/man.conf
添加 MANPATH /usr/local/apache2/man
或者直接使用命令：man -M /usr/local/apache2/man apache
(d) 添加PATH路径
vim/etc/profile.d/httpd2.4.sh
添加 exportPATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH
(e) 创建启动服务和开机启动
修改/etc/httpd2.4/conf/httpd.conf添加一行PidFile “/var/run/httpd2.4.pid”
然后修改/etc/init.d/httpd,以下3行改为相对应的地址
apachectl=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache2/bin/httpd}
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd2.4.pid}
service httpd start 即可启动
注意：
编译安装2.4版本的主配置文件/etc/apache2.4没有像yum安装的2.2版本的主配置文件/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
一样分为三段，分段配置文件为/etc/apache2.4/extra/*.conf
httpd-vhost.conf：配置虚拟主机
httpd-ssl.conf:配置ssl
httpd-mpm.conf:配置MPM
(f) 日志轮循设置
复制安装包中 /httpd-2.4.17/build/rpm/httpd.logrotate到 /etc/logrotate.d/ 目录
httpd.logrotate中 /var/log/httpd/*log 可以更改为自己需要的路径，例:/usr/local/apache2/logs/*log
执行logrotate -d来dbug下有没错误
logrotate -d /etc/logrotate.conf
执行logrotate 使日志轮循生效
logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf
至此apache安装完成。
4. httpd-2.4新特性
(a) MPM支持在运行时装载：
--enable-mpms-shared=all(编译所有支持的MPM) --with-mpm=event（设定默认启用的MPM）
(b)支持event
(c) 异步读写
(d) 在每模块及每目录上指定日志级别
(e) 每请求配置：<If>,<Elseif>
(f) 增强版的表达分析器
(g) 毫秒级的keepalivetimout
(h) 基于FQDN的虚拟主机不再需要NameVirtualHost指令
(i) 配置文件支持使用自定义变量
新增了一些模块：mod_proxy_fcgi,mod_ratelimit,mod_request,mod_remoteip
对于基于IP的访问控制做了修改：不再支持用order,allow,deny这些机制而是统一使用require进行
注意：
1. 访问控制参数的写法:
原本使用 Order Deny / Allow 的方式，改用 Require
require all granted 允许所有访问
require all denied 拒绝所有访问
仅允许IP为192.168.1.1的主机访问
<RequireAll>
require all granted
require ip 192.168.1.1 (也可以写成网段)
</RequireAll>
禁止192.168.1.2的主机访问,其他的都允许
<RequireAll>
require all granted
require not ip 192.168.1.2
</RequireAll>
2. Namevirtualhost参数被移除
3. RewriteLogLevel 参数改为 logLevel
4. 压缩使用mod_deflate 外， Apache 2.4 中还需要mod_filter
SSL开启mod_ssl 外，Apache 2.4 中还需要mod_socache_shmcb
附上原有yum安装后,经修改的/etc/init.d/httpd 脚本，没装过httpd的可以直接使用：
1#!/bin/bash
2 #
3 #httpd Startup script for theApache HTTP Server
4 #
5 #chkconfig: - 85 15
6 #description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible \
7# server implementing thecurrent HTTP standards.
8 #processname: httpd
9 #config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
10 #config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
11 #pidfile: /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid
12 #
13### BEGIN INIT INFO
14 #Provides: httpd
15 #Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $named
16 #Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network
17 #Should-Start: distcache
18 #Short-Description: start and stop Apache HTTP Server
19 #Description: The Apache HTTP Server is an extensible server
20# implementing the current HTTPstandards.
21 ###END INIT INFO
22
23 #Source function library.
24 ./etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
25
26if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
27 . /etc/sysconfig/httpd
28fi
29
30 #Start httpd in the C locale by default.
31HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
32
33 #This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
34 #mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
35INITLOG_ARGS=""
36
37 #Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
38 #with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules maynot
39 #work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
40
41 #Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
42#apachectl=/usr/sbin/apachectl
43 apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl
44 httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}
45prog=httpd
46pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd/httpd2.4.pid}
47 lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
48RETVAL=0
49 STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10}
50
51 #The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does
52 #things -- attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown
53 #when not running is also a failure. Sowe just do it the way init scripts
54 #are expected to behave here.
55start() {
56 echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
57 LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
58 RETVAL=$?
59 echo
60 [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
61 return $RETVAL
62 }
63
64 #When stopping httpd, a delay (of default 10 second) is required
65 #before SIGKILLing the httpd parent; this gives enough time for the
66 #httpd parent to SIGKILL any errant children.
67stop() {
68 echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
69 killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd
70 RETVAL=$?
71 echo
72 [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
73 }
74reload() {
75 echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
76 if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
77 RETVAL=6
78 echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
79 failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntaxerror"
80 else
81 # Force LSB behaviour from killproc
82 LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
83 RETVAL=$?
84 if [ $RETVAL -eq 7 ]; then
85 failure $"httpd shutdown"
86 fi
87 fi
88 echo
89 }
90
91 #See how we were called.
92case "$1" in
93 start)
94 start
95 ;;
96 stop)
97 stop
98 ;;
99 status)
100 status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
101 RETVAL=$?
102 ;;
103 restart)
104 stop
105 start
106 ;;
107 condrestart|try-restart)
108 if status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null; then
109 stop
110 start
111 fi
112 ;;
113 force-reload|reload)
114 reload
115 ;;
116 graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
117 $apachectl $@
118 RETVAL=$?
119 ;;
120 *)
121 echo $"Usage: $prog{start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
122 RETVAL=2
123 esac
124
125 exit $RETVAL