基础网络操作命令

ifup

作用：启动网络接口，直接在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts下搜索对应的配置文件

用法：ifup interface

例如：

[root@lb ~]# ifup eth0

ifdown

作用：关闭网络接口，直接在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts下搜索对应的配置文件

用法：ifdown interface

例如：

[root@lb ~]# ifdown eth0

ifconfig

作用：查看或配置网络接口信息

用法：ifconfig <interface>

例如：

[root@lb ~]# ifconfig eth0    ##查看网络接口信息
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:D9:E0:37  
          inet addr:192.168.1.128  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fed9:e037/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:431 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:327 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:53230 (51.9 KiB)  TX bytes:53540 (52.2 KiB)

[root@lb ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.128 netmask 255.255.255.0    ##临时配置网络接口信息，重启会失效

ip addr

作用：查看所有网络接口信息

例如：

[root@lb ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:d9:e0:37 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.128/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed9:e037/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

ping

作用：检查物理链路的连通性

用法：ping serverip

例如：

[root@lb ~]# ping 192.168.1.128    ##表示通
PING 192.168.1.128 (192.168.1.128) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.128: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.128: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.035 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.128: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.035 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.128: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms

[root@lb ~]# ping 192.168.1.129    ##表示不通
PING 192.168.1.129 (192.168.1.129) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 192.168.1.128 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.1.128 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.1.128 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.1.128 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable

telnet

作用：远程登录到网络中的计算机或测试端口是否正常开启

用法：telnet serverip <port>

例如：

[root@lb ~]# telnet 192.168.1.128 51898    ##Connected表示通

Trying 192.168.1.128...
Connected to 192.168.1.128.
Escape character is '^]'.
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.3

[root@lb ~]# telnet 192.168.1.129 51898    ##No route to host表示不通

Trying 192.168.1.129...
telnet: connect to address 192.168.1.129: No route to host

ssh

作用：远程登录网络中的计算机

用法：ssh username@serverip -p port

例如：

[root@lb ~]# ssh [email protected] -p 51898
The authenticity of host '[192.168.1.128]:51898 ([192.168.1.128]:51898)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 23:69:bd:25:1e:61:00:28:b7:86:b5:1e:71:1f:11:1b.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '[192.168.1.128]:51898' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
Last login: Wed Nov 25 09:03:28 2015 from 192.168.1.1
[linbin@lb ~]$