OSPF认证

OSPF实验OSPF认证完整总结1

 
实验拓扑:
 
OSPF认证_第1张图片
 
实验说明:
 
OSPF 的认证有 2 种类型(确切说是 3 种),其中 type0 表示无认证, type1 表示明文认证, type2 表示 MD5 认证。明文认证发送密码进行认证,而 MD5 认证发送的是报文摘要。 有关 MD5 的详细信息,可以参阅 RFC1321.
   
 OSPF 的认证可以在链路上进行,也可以在整个区域内进行认证。另外虚链路同样也可以进行认证。
 
 
实验基本配置:
 
R1:
 interface Loopback0
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 21.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex half
!
router ospf 10
 router-id 1.1.1.1
 log-adjacency-changes
 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 21.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 
R2
 interface Loopback0
 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 21.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
 duplex half
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/1
 ip address 11.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
router ospf 10
 router-id 2.2.2.2
 log-adjacency-changes
 area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3
 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 network 11.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
 network 21.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 
R3
interface Loopback0
 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
!        
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 11.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
router ospf 10
 router-id 3.3.3.3
 log-adjacency-changes
 area 1 virtual-link 2.2.2.2
 network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
 network 11.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
 
认证配置:
1.       R1 R2 的串行链路上进行 OSPF 明文认证:
首先先在 R1 上做如下配置,看在 R1 配置完认证, R2 还没有配置认证的时候的情况:
R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf authentication (启用认证)
R1(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key cisco (配置密码)
 
通过 debug 工具我们可以看到如下信息:
*Aug 15 22:51:54.275: OSPF: Rcv pkt from 10.1.1.2, Serial1/0 : Mismatch Authentication type. Input packet specified type 0, we use type 1
这里的 type0 是指对方没有启用认证, type1 是明文认证。
 
R2 上配置认证,使得邻居关系恢复。
R2(config)#int s1/0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication
R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key cisco
*Aug 15 22:54:55.815: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on Serial1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
 
2. R2 R3 的串行链路上进行 MD5 认证的:
R2(config)#int s1/1
R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication message-digest (定义认证类型为MD5
R2(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 cisco (定义key 和密码)
R3(config)#int s1/0
R3(config-if)#ip ospf authentication message-digest
R3(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 cisco
R3(config-if)#
*Aug 15 22:59:44.175: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
 
R3#show ip ospf int s1/0
Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 11.1.1.2/24, Area 1
  Process ID 10, Router ID 3.3.3.3, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
    Hello due in 00:00:05
  Index 1/1, flood queue length 1
  Next 0x648352C8(13)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 2
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
    Flood pacing timer due in 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
    Adjacent with neighbor 2.2.2.2
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
  Message digest authentication enabled
Youngest key id is 1
 
3. 修改 R2 R3 上串行链路的 MD5 认证的密码:
  R2 原有的配置上加上下面这条命令:
R2(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key 2 md5 gairuhe
R2#sho ip ospf neighbor
 
Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
3.3.3.3           0   FULL/  -           -        11.1.1.2        OSPF_VL0
1.1.1.1           1   FULL/BDR        00:00:34    21.1.1.1        FastEthernet0/0
1.1.1.1           0   FULL/  -        00:00:37    10.1.1.1        Serial1/0
3.3.3.3           0   FULL/  -        00:00:31    11.1.1.2        Serial1/1
我们发现邻居关系没有丢失。
R2#show ip ospf interface s1/1
Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is up
  Internet Address 11.1.1.1/24, Area 1
  Process ID 10, Router ID 2.2.2.2, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    oob-resync timeout 40
    Hello due in 00:00:01
  Index 1/3, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1
  Last flood scan time is 4 msec, maximum is 4 msec
  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1
    Adjacent with neighbor 3.3.3.3
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
  Message digest authentication enabled
    Youngest key id is 2
    Rollover in progress, 1 neighbor(s) using the old key(s):
      key id 1
这里我们可以看到两个 key 都在使用。
所以要修改链路的 MD5 认证的密码时,可以先将新的密码配置到启用认证的路由器后在将原来的密码删除,这样的话可以保证在修改配置的时候邻居关系依然存在。
 

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