Jackson 框架,轻易转换JSON

Jackson可以轻松的将Java对象转换成json对象和xml文档,同样也可以将json、xml转换成Java对象。

 

前面有介绍过json-lib这个框架,在线博文:http://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/archive/2011/04/21/2023805.html

 

相比json-lib框架,Jackson所依赖的jar包较少,简单易用并且性能也要相对高些。而且Jackson社区相对比较活跃,更新速度也比较快。

 

一、 准备工作

 

1、 下载依赖库jar包

 

Jackson的jar all下载地址:http://jackson.codehaus.org/1.7.6/jackson-all-1.7.6.jar

 

然后在工程中导入这个jar包即可开始工作

 

官方示例:http://wiki.fasterxml.com/JacksonInFiveMinutes

 

因为下面的程序是用junit测试用例运行的,所以还得添加junit的jar包。版本是junit-4.2.8

 

如果你需要转换xml,那么还需要stax2-api.jar

 

2、 测试类基本代码如下

 

package com.hoo.test;

 

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.StringWriter;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Set;

import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonEncoding;

import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonGenerationException;

import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonGenerator;

import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonParseException;

import org.codehaus.jackson.map.JsonMappingException;

import org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper;

import org.codehaus.jackson.node.JsonNodeFactory;

import org.codehaus.jackson.xml.XmlMapper;

import org.junit.After;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.hoo.entity.AccountBean;

 

/**

* <b>function:</b>Jackson 将java对象转换成JSON字符串,也可以将JSON字符串转换成java对象

* jar-lib-version: jackson-all-1.6.2

* jettison-1.0.1

* @author hoojo

* @createDate 2010-11-23 下午04:54:53

* @file JacksonTest.java

* @package com.hoo.test

* @project Spring3

* @blog http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo

* @email [email protected]

* @version 1.0

*/

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked" )

public class JacksonTest {

private JsonGenerator jsonGenerator = null;

private ObjectMapper objectMapper = null;

private AccountBean bean = null;

 

@Before

public void init() {

bean = new AccountBean();

bean.setAddress("china-Guangzhou" );

bean.setEmail("[email protected]" );

bean.setId(1);

bean.setName("hoojo" );

 

objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

try {

jsonGenerator = objectMapper.getJsonFactory().createJsonGenerator(System.out, JsonEncoding.UTF8);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

 

@After

public void destory() {

try {

if (jsonGenerator != null) {

jsonGenerator.flush();

}

if (!jsonGenerator.isClosed()) {

jsonGenerator.close();

}

jsonGenerator = null;

objectMapper = null;

bean = null;

System.gc();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

 

3、 所需要的JavaEntity

 

package com.hoo.entity;

 

public class AccountBean {

private int id;

private String name;

private String email;

private String address;

private Birthday birthday;

 

//getter、setter

 

@Override

public String toString() {

return this .name + "#" + this .id + "#" + this .address + "#" + this .birthday + "#" + this .email;

}

}

 

Birthday

 

package com.hoo.entity;

 

public class Birthday {

private String birthday;

 

public Birthday(String birthday) {

super ();

this .birthday = birthday;

}

 

//getter、setter

 

public Birthday() {}

 

@Override

public String toString() {

return this .birthday;

}

}

 

二、 Java 对象转换成 JSON

 

1、 JavaBean(Entity/Model)转换成JSON

 

/**

* <b>function:</b>将java对象转换成json字符串

* @author hoojo

* @createDate 2010-11-23 下午06:01:10

*/

@Test

public void writeEntityJSON() {

 

try {

System.out.println("jsonGenerator" );

//writeObject可以转换java对象,eg:JavaBean/Map/List/Array等

jsonGenerator.writeObject(bean);

System.out.println();

 

System.out.println("ObjectMapper" );

//writeValue具有和writeObject相同的功能

objectMapper.writeValue(System.out, bean);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

 

运行后结果如下:

 

jsonGenerator

{"address" :"china-Guangzhou" ,"name" :"hoojo" ,"id" :1,"birthday" :null,"email" :"[email protected]" }

ObjectMapper

{"address" :"china-Guangzhou" ,"name" :"hoojo" ,"id" :1,"birthday" :null,"email" :"[email protected]" }

 

上面分别利用JsonGenerator的writeObject方法和ObjectMapper的writeValue方法完成对Java对象的 转换,二者传递的参数及构造的方式不同;JsonGenerator的创建依赖于ObjectMapper对象。也就是说如果你要使用 JsonGenerator来转换JSON,那么你必须创建一个ObjectMapper。但是你用ObjectMapper来转换JSON,则不需要 JSONGenerator。

 

objectMapper的writeValue方法可以将一个Java对象转换成JSON。这个方法的参数一,需要提供一个输出流,转换后可以通 过这个流来输出转换后的内容。或是提供一个File,将转换后的内容写入到File中。当然,这个参数也可以接收一个JSONGenerator,然后通 过JSONGenerator来输出转换后的信息。第二个参数是将要被转换的Java对象。如果用三个参数的方法,那么是一个Config。这个 config可以提供一些转换时的规则,过指定的Java对象的某些属性进行过滤或转换等。

 

2、 将Map集合转换成Json字符串

 

/**

* <b>function:</b>将map转换成json字符串

* @author hoojo

* @createDate 2010-11-23 下午06:05:26

*/

@Test

public void writeMapJSON() {

try {

Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();

map.put("name" , bean.getName());

map.put("account" , bean);

bean = new AccountBean();

bean.setAddress("china-Beijin" );

bean.setEmail("[email protected]" );

map.put("account2" , bean);

 

System.out.println("jsonGenerator" );

jsonGenerator.writeObject(map);

System.out.println("" );

 

System.out.println("objectMapper" );

objectMapper.writeValue(System.out, map);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

 

转换后结果如下:

 

jsonGenerator

{"account2" :{"address" :"china-Beijin" ,"name" :null,"id" :0,"birthday" :null,"email" :"[email protected]" },"name" :"hoojo" ,

"account" :{"address" :"china-Guangzhou" ,"name" :"hoojo" ,"id" :1,"birthday" :null,"email" :"[email protected]" }}

objectMapper

{"account2" :{"address" :"china-Beijin" ,"name" :null,"id" :0,"birthday" :null,"email" :"[email protected]" },"name" :"hoojo" ,

"account" :{"address" :"china-Guangzhou" ,"name" :"hoojo" ,"id" :1,"birthday" :null,"email" :"[email protected]" }}

 

3、 将List集合转换成json

 

/**

* <b>function:</b>将list集合转换成json字符串

* @author hoojo

* @createDate 2010-11-23 下午06:05:59

*/

@Test

public void writeListJSON() {

try {

List<AccountBean> list = new ArrayList<AccountBean>();

list.add(bean);

 

bean = new AccountBean();

bean.setId(2);

bean.setAddress("address2" );

bean.setEmail("email2" );

bean.setName("haha2" );

list.add(bean);

 

System.out.println("jsonGenerator" );

//list转换成JSON字符串

jsonGenerator.writeObject(list);

System.out.println();

System.out.println("ObjectMapper" );

//用objectMapper直接返回list转换成的JSON字符串

System.out.println("1###" + objectMapper.writeValueAsString(list));

System.out.print("2###" );

//objectMapper list转换成JSON字符串

objectMapper.writeValue(System.out, list);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

 

结果如下:

 

jsonGenerator

[{"address" :"china-Guangzhou" ,"name" :"hoojo" ,"id" :1,"birthday" :null,"email" :"[email protected]" },

{"address" :"address2" ,"name" :"haha2" ,"id" :2,"birthday" :null,"email" :"email2" }]

ObjectMapper

1###[{"address" :"china-Guangzhou" ,"name" :"hoojo" ,"id" :1,"birthday" :null,"email" :"[email protected]" },

{"address" :"address2" ,"name" :"haha2" ,"id" :2,"birthday" :null,"email" :"email2" }]

2###[{"address" :"china-Guangzhou" ,"name" :"hoojo" ,"id" :1,"birthday" :null,"email" :"[email protected]" },

{"address" :"address2" ,"name" :"haha2" ,"id" :2,"birthday" :null,"email" :"email2" }]

 

外面就是多了个[]中括号;同样Array也可以转换,转换的JSON和上面的结果是一样的,这里就不再转换了。~.~

 

4、下面来看看jackson提供的一些类型,用这些类型完成json转换;如果你使用这些类型转换JSON的话,那么你即使没有 JavaBean(Entity)也可以完成复杂的Java类型的JSON转换。下面用到这些类型构建一个复杂的Java对象,并完成JSON转换。

 

@Test

public void writeOthersJSON() {

try {

String[] arr = { "a" , "b" , "c" };

System.out.println("jsonGenerator" );

String str = "hello world jackson!" ;

//byte

jsonGenerator.writeBinary(str.getBytes());

//boolean

jsonGenerator.writeBoolean(true);

//null

jsonGenerator.writeNull();

//float

jsonGenerator.writeNumber(2.2f);

//char

jsonGenerator.writeRaw("c" );

//String

jsonGenerator.writeRaw(str, 5, 10);

//String

jsonGenerator.writeRawValue(str, 5, 5);

//String

jsonGenerator.writeString(str);

jsonGenerator.writeTree(JsonNodeFactory.instance.POJONode(str));

System.out.println();

 

//Object

jsonGenerator.writeStartObject();//{

jsonGenerator.writeObjectFieldStart("user" );//user:{

jsonGenerator.writeStringField("name" , "jackson" );//name:jackson

jsonGenerator.writeBooleanField("sex" , true);//sex:true

jsonGenerator.writeNumberField("age" , 22);//age:22

jsonGenerator.writeEndObject();//}

 

jsonGenerator.writeArrayFieldStart("infos" );//infos:[

jsonGenerator.writeNumber(22);//22

jsonGenerator.writeString("this is array" );//this is array

jsonGenerator.writeEndArray();//]

 

jsonGenerator.writeEndObject();//}

 

 

AccountBean bean = new AccountBean();

bean.setAddress("address" );

bean.setEmail("email" );

bean.setId(1);

bean.setName("haha" );

//complex Object

jsonGenerator.writeStartObject();//{

jsonGenerator.writeObjectField("user" , bean);//user:{bean}

jsonGenerator.writeObjectField("infos" , arr);//infos:[array]

jsonGenerator.writeEndObject();//}

 

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

 

运行后,结果如下:

 

jsonGenerator

"aGVsbG8gd29ybGQgamFja3NvbiE=" true null 2.2c world jac worl "hello world jackson!" "hello world jackson!"

{"user" :{"name" :"jackson" ,"sex" :true,"age" :22},"infos" :[22,"this is array" ]}

{"user" :{"address" :"address" ,"name" :"haha" ,"id" :1,"birthday" :null,"email" :"email" },"infos" :["a" ,"b" ,"c" ]}

 

怎么样?构造的json字符串和输出的结果是一致的吧。关键看懂用JSONGenerator提供的方法,完成一个Object的构建。

 

三、 JSON 转换成 Java 对象

 

1、 将json字符串转换成JavaBean对象

 

@Test

public void readJson2Entity() {

String json = "{\"address\":\"address\",\"name\":\"haha\",\"id\":1,\"email\":\"email\"}" ;

try {

AccountBean acc = objectMapper.readValue(json, AccountBean.class );

System.out.println(acc.getName());

System.out.println(acc);

} catch (JsonParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (JsonMappingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

 

很简单,用到了ObjectMapper这个对象的readValue这个方法,这个方法需要提供2个参数。第一个参数就是解析的JSON字符串, 第二个参数是即将将这个JSON解析吃什么Java对象,Java对象的类型。当然,还有其他相同签名方法,如果你有兴趣可以一一尝试使用方法,当然使用 的方法和当前使用的方法大同小异。运行后,结果如下:

 

haha

haha#1#address#null#email

 

2、 将json字符串转换成List<Map>集合

 

/**

* <b>function:</b>json字符串转换成list<map>

* @author hoojo

* @createDate 2010-11-23 下午06:12:01

*/

@Test

public void readJson2List() {

String json = "[{\"address\": \"address2\",\"name\":\"haha2\",\"id\":2,\"email\":\"email2\"}," +

"{\"address\":\"address\",\"name\":\"haha\",\"id\":1,\"email\":\"email\"}]" ;

try {

List<LinkedHashMap<String, Object>> list = objectMapper.readValue(json, List.class );

System.out.println(list.size());

for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {

Map<String, Object> map = list.get(i);

Set<String> set = map.keySet();

for (Iterator<String> it = set.iterator();it.hasNext();) {

String key = it.next();

System.out.println(key + ":" + map.get(key));

}

}

} catch (JsonParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (JsonMappingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

 

尝试过将上面的JSON转换成List,然后List中存放AccountBean,但结果失败了。但是支持Map集合。因为你转成List.class,但是不知道List存放何种类型。只好默然Map类型。因为所有的对象都可以转换成Map结合,运行后结果如下:

 

2

address:address2

name:haha2

id:2

email:email2

address:address

name:haha

id:1

email:email

 

3、 Json字符串转换成Array数组,由于上面的泛型转换不能识别到集合中的对象类型。所有这里用对象数组,可以解决这个问题。只不过它不再是集合,而是一个数组。当然这个不重要,你可以用Arrays.asList将其转换成List即可。

 

/**

* <b>function:</b>json字符串转换成Array

* @author hoojo

* @createDate 2010-11-23 下午06:14:01

*/

@Test

public void readJson2Array() {

String json = "[{\"address\": \"address2\",\"name\":\"haha2\",\"id\":2,\"email\":\"email2\"}," +

"{\"address\":\"address\",\"name\":\"haha\",\"id\":1,\"email\":\"email\"}]" ;

try {

AccountBean[] arr = objectMapper.readValue(json, AccountBean[].class );

System.out.println(arr.length);

for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {

System.out.println(arr[i]);

}

 

} catch (JsonParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (JsonMappingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

 

运行后的结果:

 

2

haha2#2#address2#null#email2

haha#1#address#null#email

 

4、 Json字符串转换成Map集合

 

/**

* <b>function:</b>json字符串转换Map集合

* @author hoojo

* @createDate Nov 27, 2010 3:00:06 PM

*/

@Test

public void readJson2Map() {

String json = "{\"success\":true,\"A\":{\"address\": \"address2\",\"name\":\"haha2\",\"id\":2,\"email\":\"email2\"}," +

"\"B\":{\"address\":\"address\",\"name\":\"haha\",\"id\":1,\"email\":\"email\"}}" ;

try {

Map<String, Map<String, Object>> maps = objectMapper.readValue(json, Map.class );

System.out.println(maps.size());

Set<String> key = maps.keySet();

Iterator<String> iter = key.iterator();

while (iter.hasNext()) {

String field = iter.next();

System.out.println(field + ":" + maps.get(field));

}

} catch (JsonParseException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (JsonMappingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

 

运行后结果如下:

 

3

success:true

A:{address=address2, name=haha2, id=2, email=email2}

B:{address=address, name=haha, id=1, email=email}

 

四、 Jackson XML 的支持

 

Jackson也可以完成java对象到xml的转换,转换后的结果要比json-lib更直观,不过它依赖于stax2-api.jar这个jar包。

 

/**

* <b>function:</b>java对象转换成xml文档

* 需要额外的jar包 stax2-api.jar

* @author hoojo

* @createDate 2010-11-23 下午06:11:21

*/

@Test

public void writeObject2Xml() {

//stax2-api-3.0.2.jar

System.out.println("XmlMapper" );

XmlMapper xml = new XmlMapper();

 

try {

//javaBean转换成xml

//xml.writeValue(System.out, bean);

StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();

xml.writeValue(sw, bean);

System.out.println(sw.toString());

//List转换成xml

List<AccountBean> list = new ArrayList<AccountBean>();

list.add(bean);

list.add(bean);

System.out.println(xml.writeValueAsString(list));

 

//Map转换xml文档

Map<String, AccountBean> map = new HashMap<String, AccountBean>();

map.put("A" , bean);

map.put("B" , bean);

System.out.println(xml.writeValueAsString(map));

} catch (JsonGenerationException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (JsonMappingException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

 

运行上面的方法,结果如下:

 

XmlMapper

< unknown >< address > china-Guangzhou</ address >< name > hoojo</ name >< id > 1</ id >< birthday />< email > [email protected]</ email ></ unknown >

< unknown >< unknown >< address > china-Guangzhou</ address >< name > hoojo</ name >< id > 1</ id >< birthday />< email > [email protected]</ email ></ unknown >

< email >< address > china-Guangzhou</ address >< name > hoojo</ name >< id > 1</ id >< birthday />< email > [email protected]</ email ></ email ></ unknown >

< unknown >< A >< address > china-Guangzhou</ address >< name > hoojo</ name >< id > 1</ id >< birthday />< email > [email protected]</ email ></ A >

< B >< address > china-Guangzhou</ address >< name > hoojo</ name >< id > 1</ id >< birthday />< email > [email protected]</ email ></ B ></ unknown >

 

看结果,根节点都是unknown 这个问题还没有解决,由于根节点没有转换出来,所有导致解析xml到Java对象,也无法完成。

 

版权所有,转载请注明出处 本文出自: http://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/archive/2011/04/22/2024628.html

 

对于第四点:Jackson对XML的支持,但是因为无法找到 stax2-api-3.0.2.jar对应的类: org.codehaus.jackson.xml.XmlMapper。从而无法验证。我搜索和下载该类,但是都没有XmlMapper.java。 希望知道的,能提供下jar包,非常感谢!

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