浮动路由

浮动路由

  依据路由的AD值,其实就是优先级!动态路由的优先级高,手动添加的静态路由优先级低。当动态路由出现问题时,原有的路由会失效,路由器会自动选择静态路由,保证网络不中断!

实验

  实验拓扑图
  
浮动路由_第1张图片
  实验要求:
  为Router1和Router2之间做一条备份路由。
  相关资料:
  首先看一下Cisco制定的各个路由协议的管理距离(AD):
  1.直接相连:0
  2.静态路由:1
  3.EIGRP 汇总路由(summary route):5
  4.外部BGP:20
  5.内部EIGRP:90
  6:IGRP:100
  7.OSPF:110
  9.RIP(v1,v2):120
  10.外部EIGRP:170
  11.内部BGP:200
  FloatingStatusRoute
  因为静态路由的AD比一些动态路由协议的AD高,假如你又想优先采用动态路由,而让静态路由作为备份路由的话,就可以在配置静态路由的时候指定一个AD值,这个AD值要比你采用的动态路由协议要高才行.所以一般当动态路由正常的时候,你在路由表里是看不到这条静态路由的;当动态路由出问题的时候,静态路由开始生效,于是出现在路由表里,这样的静态路由就叫做浮动静态路由(floatingstaticroute)。
  实验步骤:
  1、首先了解什么是浮动路由,通俗的理解就是一条备份线路
  2、利用Visio画出拓扑图
  3、规划IP地址
  4、用PacketTracer5.0进行模拟实验。
  具体实验步骤:
  因为涉及到的设备比较少,我这里面就把模拟器中的配置全部复制出来
  Router1
  Router>en
  Router#conft
  Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline. EndwithCNTL/Z.
  //配置IP地址
  Router(config)#ints0/0/0
  Router(config-if)#ipaddress172.16.10.10255.255.255.0
  Router(config-if)#clockrate64000
  Router(config-if)#noshut
  Router(config-if)#exit
  Router(config)#ints0/0/1
  Router(config-if)#ipaddress172.16.20.10255.255.255.0
  Router(config-if)#clockrate64000
  Router(config-if)#noshut
  Router(config-if)#exit
  Router(config)#hostnameRouter1
  Router1(config)#intf0/0
  Router1(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.10.254255.255.255.0
  Router1(config-if)#noshut
  Router1(config-if)#exit
  //配置RIP动态路由协议
  Router1(config)#routerrip
  Router1(config-router)#version2
  Router1(config-router)#network172.168.10.0
  Router1(config-router)#network172.168.20.0
  Router1(config-router)#network192.168.10.0
  Router1(config-router)#exit
  Router1(config)#end
  //配置一条浮动路由
  Router1(config)#iproute192.168.20.0255.255.255.0172.16.20.20125
  Router2
  Router>en
  Router#conft
  Router(config)#hostnamerouer2
  //配置IP地址
  rouer2(config)#ints0/0/0
  rouer2(config-if)#ipaddress172.16.10.20255.255.255.0
  rouer2(config-if)#noshut
  rouer2(config-if)#exit
  rouer2(config)#ints0/0/1
  rouer2(config-if)#ipaddress172.16.20.20255.255.255.0
  rouer2(config-if)#noshut
  rouer2(config-if)#exit
  rouer2(config)#intf0/0
  rouer2(config-if)#ipaddress192.168.20.254255.255.255.0
  rouer2(config-if)#noshut
  rouer2(config-if)#exit
  //配置RIP动态路由协议
  rouer2(config)#routerrip
  rouer2(config-router)#version2
  rouer2(config-router)#network192.168.20.0
  rouer2(config-router)#network172.16.10.0
  rouer2(config-router)#network172.16.20.0
  rouer2(config-router)#exit
  rouer2(config)#end
  rouer2#showiproute
  Codes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGP
  D-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterarea
  N1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2
  E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGP
  i-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,ia-IS-ISinterarea
  *-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticroute,o-ODR
  P-periodicdownloadedstaticroute
  Gatewayoflastresortisnotset
  172.16.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnets
  C 172.16.10.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0/0
  C 172.16.20.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0/1
  R 192.168.10.0/24[120/1]via172.16.20.10,00:00:17,Serial0/0/1
  [120/1]via172.16.10.10,00:00:17,Serial0/0/0
  C 192.168.20.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0
  Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=62/62/63ms
  rouer2#conft
  //配置一条浮动路由
  rouer2(config)#iproute192.168.10.0255.255.255.0172.16.20.10125
  rouer2(config)#end
  rouer2#showiproute
  Codes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGP
  D-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterarea
  N1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2
  E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGP
  i-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,ia-IS-ISinterarea
  *-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticroute,o-ODR
  P-periodicdownloadedstaticroute
  Gatewayoflastresortisnotset
  //这里我们看不到那条浮动路由,但是如果我们关闭Rip协议,也就是当Rip协议不能正常工作的时候,我们就会看到那条浮动路由
  172.16.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnets
  C 172.16.10.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0/0
  C 172.16.20.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0/1
  R 192.168.10.0/24[120/1]via172.16.20.10,00:00:23,Serial0/0/1
  [120/1]via172.16.10.10,00:00:23,Serial0/0/0
  C 192.168.20.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0
  //关闭Rip协议,同样在router1上也关闭Rip,这里不再写出,与router2相同
  rouer2#conft
  rouer2(config)#norouterrip
  rouer2#showiproute
  Codes:C-connected,S-static,I-IGRP,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGP
  D-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterarea
  N1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2
  E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2,E-EGP
  i-IS-IS,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2,ia-IS-ISinterarea
  *-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticroute,o-ODR
  P-periodicdownloadedstaticroute
  Gatewayoflastresortisnotset
  172.16.0.0/24issubnetted,2subnets
  C 172.16.10.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0/0
  C 172.16.20.0isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0/1
  S 192.168.10.0/24[125/0]via172.16.20.10
  C 192.168.20.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0
  rouer2#

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