基于CentOS 5.4搭建nginx+php+spawn-fcgi+mysql高性能php平台

 作者:哈密瓜 
论坛:http://www.linuxtone.org (IT运维专家网|集群架构|性能调优) 
欢迎转载,转载时请务必以超链接形式标明文章原始出处和作者信息及本声明. 
文档时间:2010-01-22


一、安装准备
1.1平台环境：

CentOS 5.4 x86_64 GNU/Linux
nginx-0.8.21
php-5.2.9
spawn-fcgi-1.6.3
mysql-5.1.34

1.2系统安装及分区：
1.2.1操作系统安装：
         安装过程中选择最少的包，采用文本模式安装，不安装图形。
1.2.3系统分区：
         /boot  100M    (大约100左右) 
         SWAP  4G      物理内存的2倍(如果你的物理内存大于4G，分配4G即可) 
         /       50G 
         /data             剩余所有空间.
          注：具体分区请根据相关业务划分
1.2.4系统软件包安装规范
    系统约定: 
         软件源代码包存放位置             /usr/local/src 
         源码包编译安装位置(prefix)     /usr/local/software_name 
         脚本以及维护程序存放位置       /usr/local/sbin 
         MySQL 数据库位置                /data/mysql/data（可按情况设置） 
         网站根目录                          /data/www/wwwroot（可按情况设置） 
         虚拟主机日志根目录               /data/logs（可按情况设置） 
         Nginx运行账户                     www:www 
         install_software_name.sh     //存放编译参数脚本习惯将所有编译脚本存放在install_software_name.sh便于升级和更新软件. 
1.3.系统初始化
#vi init_network.sh

#welcome
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|         === Welcome to Centos System init ===                |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
+----------------------Author:NetSeek--------------------------+
EOF
#disable ipv6
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|         === Welcome to Disable IPV6 ===                      |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
EOF
echo "alias net-pf-10 off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
echo "alias ipv6 off" >> /etc/modprobe.conf
/sbin/chkconfig --level 35 ip6tables off
echo "ipv6 is disabled!"
#disable selinux
sed -i '/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config 
echo "selinux is disabled,you must reboot!"
#vim
sed -i "8 s/^/alias vi='vim'/" /root/.bashrc
echo 'syntax on' > /root/.vimrc
#zh_cn
sed -i -e 's/^LANG=.*/LANG="en"/'   /etc/sysconfig/i18n
#init_ssh
ssh_cf="/etc/ssh/sshd_config" 
sed -i -e '74 s/^/#/' -i -e '76 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf
sed -i "s/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/" $ssh_cf
#client
sed -i -e '44 s/^/#/' -i -e '48 s/^/#/' $ssh_cf
echo "ssh is init is ok.............."
#chkser
#tunoff services
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cat << EOF
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
|         === Welcome to Tunoff services ===                   |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
for i in `ls /etc/rc3.d/S*`
do
              CURSRV=`echo $i|cut -c 15-`
echo $CURSRV
case $CURSRV in
          crond | irqbalance | microcode_ctl | network | random | sendmail | sshd | syslog | local | mysqld )
      echo "Base services, Skip!"
      ;;
      *)
          echo "change $CURSRV to off"
          chkconfig --level 235 $CURSRV off
          service $CURSRV stop
      ;;
esac
done

1.4 系统环境部署及调整
检查系统是否正常 
# tail -n100 /var/log/messages   （检查有无系统级错误信息） 
# dmesg                     （检查硬件设备是否有错误信息） 
# ifconfig                    （检查网卡设置是否正确） 
# ping  www.linuxtone.org       （检查网络是否正常）
1.5使用 yum 程序安装所需开发包
1.5.1 更换快源

#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
#mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.linuxtone
#wget http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/CentOS-Base.repo

1.5.2 yum安装相关软件包:

#yum -y install ntp vim-enhanced gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison autoconf automake glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel libtool* zlib-devel libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel libtiff-devel fontconfig-devel freetype-devel libXpm-devel gettext-devel curl curl-devel pam-devel e2fsprogs-devel krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

1.6 定时校正服务器时钟，定时与中国国家授时中心授时服务器同步 
# crontab -e 
加入一行： 

15 3 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 210.72.145.44 > /dev/null 2>&1

1.7下载相关软件包
#cd /usr/local/src
#vi list_tar.list

http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/ImageMagick.tar.gz
http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/imagick-2.2.2.tgz
http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/mysql-5.1.34.tar.gz
http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
http://www.lighttpd.net/download/spawn-fcgi-1.6.3.tar.gz
http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/php-5.2.9.tar.bz2
http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.8.21.tar.gz
http://docs.linuxtone.org/soft/lemp/ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz

#wget -i list_tar.list
1.8.添加nginx 运维账户:
#vi add_webuser.sh

/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data/www/wwwroot
chmod +w /data/www/wwwroot
chown www:www /data/www/wwwroot -R

#sh add_webuser.sh
二.编译安装
2.1 编译安装pcre

#tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz 
#cd pcre-7.8
#./configure && make && make install

2.2 编译安装nginx

#tar zxvf nginx-0.8.21.tar.gz
#cd nginx-0.8.21

2.2.1 附加：修改nginx源代码，伪装nginx服务器（仅供参考，安全还得认真做起^.^）：
(1).修改gcc
#vi auto/cc/gcc

NGX_GCC_OPT="-O"

修改为：

NGX_GCC_OPT="-O3"

(2).修改nginx.h 
#vi nginx-0.8.21/src/core/nginx.h  

#define NGINX_VERSION      "0.7.58"
#define NGINX_VER          "nginx/" NGINX_VERSION

修改为：

#define NGINX_VERSION      "1.0"
#define NGINX_VER          "LTWS/" NGINX_VERSION

(3).修改nginx_http_header_filter_module 
#vi nginx-0.8.21/src/http/ngx_http_header_filter_module.c

static char ngx_http_server_string[] = "Server: nginx" CRLF;

修改为:

static char ngx_http_server_string[] = "Server: LTWS" CRLF;

(4).修改ngx_http_special_response.c
#vi nginx-0.8.21/src/http/ngx_http_special_response.c
将如下

static u_char ngx_http_error_full_tail[] =
"<hr><center>" NGINX_VER "</center>" CRLF
"</body>" CRLF
"</html>" CRLF
;

static u_char ngx_http_error_tail[] =
"<hr><center>nginx</center>" CRLF
"</body>" CRLF
"</html>" CRLF
;

修改为：

static u_char ngx_http_error_full_tail[] =
"<hr><center> "NGINX_VER" </center>" CRLF
"<hr><center>http://www.linuxtone.com</center>" CRLF
"</body>" CRLF
"</html>" CRLF
;

static u_char ngx_http_error_tail[] =
"<hr><center>HMGWS</center>" CRLF
"</body>" CRLF
"</html>" CRLF
;

2.2.2 nginx 编译安装

./configure \
     "--user=www" \
     "--group=www" \
     "--prefix=/usr/local/nginx/" \
     "--with-http_stub_status_module" \
     "--with-http_ssl_module" \
     "--with-md5=/usr/lib" \
     "--with-sha1=/usr/lib"
make
make install

2.3 编译安装配置mysql

./configure \
     "--prefix=/usr/local/mysql" \
     "--localstatedir=/data/mysql/data" \
     "--with-comment=Source" \
     "--with-server-suffix=-Linuxtone.Org" \
     "--enable-assembler" \
     "--with-charset=gbk" \
     "--with-collation=gbk_chinese_ci" \
     "--with-collation=gbk_chinese_ci" \
     "--with-extra-charsets=complex" \
     "--enable-thread-safe-client" \
     "--with-big-tables" \
     "--with-readline" \
     "--with-ssl" \
     "--with-embedded-server" \
     "--enable-local-infile" \
     "--with-plugins=innobase"
make
make install
useradd mysql -d /data/mysql -s /sbin/nologin
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql
chown -R root:mysql .
mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
chown -R mysql /data/mysql/data
cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
wget http://www.caifw.com/api/my.cnf
sed -i '50 s/^/#/' /etc/my.cnf
cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start

cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
for i in *; do ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/$i /usr/bin/$i; done

2.4 编译安装php 
2.4.1安装php相应的lib
  2.4.1.1 libiconv-1.13

#tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz 
#cd libiconv-1.13
#./configure --prefix=/usr && make && make install

2.4.1.2 libmcrypt-2.5.8

#tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
#cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
#./configure --prefix=/usr && make && make install
#echo "/usr/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf 
#ldconfig
#cd libltdl/
#./configure --enable-ltdl-install
#make && make install

2.4.1.3 mhash-0.9.9.9

#tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz 
#cd mhash-0.9.9.9
#./configure --prefix=/usr && make && make install
#ldconfig

2.4.1.4 mcrypt-2.6.8

#tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz 
#cd mcrypt-2.6.8
#./configure --prefix=/usr && make&& make install

2.4.2 安装spawn-fcgi

#tar zvxf spawn-fcgi-1.6.3.tar.gz
#cd spawn-fcgi-1.6.3
#./configure && make && make install

2.4.3 安装php

#tar jvxf php-5.2.9.tar.bz2
#vi install_php.sh
./configure  \
     "--prefix=/usr/local/php" \
     "--enable-fastcgi" \
     "--enable-fpm" \
     "--enable-discard-path" \
     "--enable-force-cgi-redirect" \
     "--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc" \
     "--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql" \
     "--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config" \
     "--with-iconv-dir" \
     "--with-freetype-dir" \
     "--with-jpeg-dir" \
     "--with-png-dir" \
     "--with-gd" \
     "--with-zlib" \
     "--with-libxml-dir" \
     "--with-curl" \
     "--with-curlwrappers" \
     "--with-openssl" \
     "--with-mhash" \
     "--with-xmlrpc" \
     "--with-mcrypt" \
     "--with-ldap" \
     "--with-ldap-sasl" \
     "--enable-xml" \
     "--disable-rpath" \
     "--enable-discard-path" \
     "--enable-safe-mode" \
     "--enable-bcmath" \
     "--enable-shmop" \
     "--enable-sysvsem" \
     "--enable-inline-optimization" \
     "--enable-mbregex" \
     "--enable-mbstring" \
     "--enable-gd-native-ttf" \
     "--enable-ftp" \
     "--enable-pcntl" \
     "--enable-sockets" \
     "--enable-zip" \
     "--disable-debug" \
     "--disable-ipv6"
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

#sh install_php.sh
2.4.4安装PHP扩展模块
  2.4.4.1 memcache-2.2.5

#tar zvxf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
#cd memcache-2.2.5
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
#make && make install

2.4.4.2 eaccelerator-0.9.5.3

#tar jvxf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
#cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
#./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
#make && make install

2.4.4.3 PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2

#tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz 
#cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
#make && make install

2.4.4.4 ImageMagick

#tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
#cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/   
#./configure --enable-shared --with-modules --without-x --with-gs-font-dir=default --with-perl=yes --with-xml=yes --with-zlib=yes --with-jpeg=yes 
# make && make install

2.4.4.5 imagick-2.2.2

#tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
#cd imagick-2.2.2/
#/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
#make
#make install

2.4.5脚本配置php.ini

# vi init_php.ini
#!/bin/bash
fcgi_cf="/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini"
ea(){
cat << EOF
[eAccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="32"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/data/cache/ea"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
EOF
}
#mkdir
mkdir -p /data/cache/ea
ea >> $fcgi_cf
#config for php.ini
sed -i '205 s#;open_basedir =#open_basedir = /data/www/wwwroot:/tmp#g' $fcgi_cf
sed -i '210 s#disable_functions =#;disable_functions = phpinfo,passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,ini_alter,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,pfsockopen,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server#g' $fcgi_cf
sed -i '/expose_php/s/On/Off/' $fcgi_cf
sed -i '/display_errors/s/On/Off/' $fcgi_cf
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#' $fcgi_cf
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' $fcgi_cf

2.5安装Zend

#tar zvxf ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
# cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.3-linux-glibc23-x86_64
# ./install

注：php.ini的位置为/usr/local/php/etc 服务器不选用apache
三、配置整合
3.1 配置nginx
注：本文spawn-fcgi开启9000跟9001两个端口，利用nginx的upstream负载均衡php程序到不同的fcgi端口上面，解决502 gateway错误
#cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
#cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.linuxtone
#vi nginx.conf

user  www www;

worker_processes 10;

pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
# [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]
error_log  /dev/null;
#error_log /data/logs/nginxerror.log;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
        use epoll;

        #maxclient = worker_processes * worker_connections / cpu_number
        worker_connections 51200;
}

http
{
        include       /usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
        #charset  gb2312;
        charset gbk;
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
                          '"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

        #access_log  /data/www/logs/access.log  main;
        access_log  /dev/null;

        #General Options
        server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
        client_header_buffer_size 32k;
        large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
        ignore_invalid_headers   on;
        recursive_error_pages    on;
        server_name_in_redirect off;
       
        sendfile                 on;

        #timeouts
        keepalive_timeout 60;
       
        #TCP Options 
        tcp_nopush  on;
        tcp_nodelay on;
        #fastcgi options 
        fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
        fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
        
        fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
        fastcgi_buffers 4 128k;
        fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
        fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        ssi on;
        ssi_silent_errors on;
        ssi_types text/shtml;
        #size limits
        client_max_body_size       50m;
        client_body_buffer_size    256k;
        #gzip  compression
        gzip on;
        gzip_min_length  0;
        gzip_buffers     16 8k;
        gzip_http_version 1.0;
        gzip_comp_level 9;
        gzip_types       text/plain text/css image/x-icon image/png;
        gzip_vary on;

        #temp files
        proxy_temp_path            /dev/shm/proxy_temp;
        fastcgi_temp_path          /dev/shm/fastcgi_temp;
        client_body_temp_path      /dev/shm/client_body_temp;
        #client_body_temp_path  /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp 1 2;
        #proxy_temp_path        /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp 1 2;
        #fastcgi_temp_path      /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp 1 2;
        
        #upstream
        upstream  spawn {
        # ip_hash;
         server   127.0.0.1:9000 max_fails=0 fail_timeout=30s;
         server   127.0.0.1:9001 max_fails=0 fail_timeout=30s;
        }

        # The following includes are specified for virtual hosts
         #www.linuxtone.org
         include          /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/www.linuxtone.org.conf;
}

#mkdir vhosts
#vi vhosts/www.linuxtone.org.conf

server
        {
                listen       80;
                server_name  www.linuxtone.org .linuxtone.org;
                index index.html index.htm index.php;
                root  /data/www/wwwroot/linuxtone;
                error_page 404 http://www.linuxtone.org;
                #rewrite ^/bbs/(.*) http://bbs.linuxtone.org/$1;
                location ~ .*\.php?$
                {
                        fastcgi_pass spawn;
                        include /usr/local/nginx/conf/spawn_php5.conf;
                        fastcgi_index  index.php;
                }
                location ~* \.(js|css|jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ {
                if (-f $request_filename) {
                   access_log   off;
                   expires      1d;
                   break;
                   }
                 }
        }

#vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/spawn_php5.conf

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;
fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
#fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;

3.2 配置spawn-fcgi启动脚本
#mkdir /usr/local/php/sbin
# vi /usr/local/php/sbin/spawn-fcgi

#! /bin/sh

set -e

PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DESC="spawn-fcgi daemon"
NAME=spawn-fcgi
DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/$NAME

# Gracefully exit if the package has been removed.
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

d_start() {
   $DAEMON -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9000 -C 128 -u www -g www -f /usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi > /dev/null 2>&1
   $DAEMON -a 127.0.0.1 -p 9001 -C 128 -u www -g www -f /usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi > /dev/null 2>&1 || echo -n " already running"
}

d_stop() {
   /usr/bin/killall -9 php-cgi > /dev/null 2>&1 || echo -n " not running"
}
   
case "$1" in
   start)
         echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME"
         d_start
         echo "."
         ;;
   stop)
         echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"
         d_stop
         echo "."
         ;;
   restart)
         echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME"
         d_stop
         sleep 1
         d_start
         echo "."
         ;;
   *)
           echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart}" >&2
           exit 3
         ;;
esac

exit 0

#chmod 755 /usr/local/php/sbin/spawn-fcgi
四、启动WEB服务
4.1.启动spawn-fcgi
#/usr/local/php/sbin/spawn-fcgi start
4.2.启动nginx
4.2.1检查nginx配置：
# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx –t     //返回如下信息说明配置正确

the configuration file /usr/local/nginx//conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
configuration file /usr/local/nginx//conf/nginx.conf test is successful

#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx    //启动nginx
4.3.加入开机启动
#vi /etc/rc.local
在最后加入：

ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
/usr/local/php/sbin/spawn-fcgi start

五、测试
#mkdir /data/www/wwwroot/linuxtone
#vi phpinfo.php

<?php
Phpinfo();
?>

打开浏览器输入： http://www.linuxtone.org/phpinfo.php
即可查看当前配置环境. 查看完成后出于安全考虑请再将此函数禁掉.