关于超级计算机

摘自：

http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9193798/China_gives_on_tech_metals_but_not_supercomputing

（本文由luyou2008翻译，希望大家批评指正）

China gives on tech metals, but not supercomputing

China's emerging power in technology is playing out in different ways

By Patrick Thibodeau

October 28, 2010 08:10 PM ET

 

- As China works to realize its ambitions in high-tech, the nation has been flexing its muscle on two fronts this month in ways that are getting attention from the U.S. government and industry.

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who is on her way to the region, will talk with Chinese leaders about the shrinking exports of rare earth elements, used in many high-technology applications.

"These are elements that are critical to the industrial production not only in Japan and the United States but in countries around the world," Clinton said in a press conference in Honolulu on Wednesday.

China's government said on Thursday that it "would not use rare earths as a bargaining chip." The New York Times subsequently reported that China had resumed shipping the rare earth elements, after reducing its quota for the second half of this year and then ending exports for the year this month.

But China has substantially cut its exports over the last decade and what today's events mean for the long term is uncertain.

Meanwhile, China's announced Thursday that it had built a 2.5 petaflop supercomputer, which has a good chance of heading the Top500 list of the world's most powerful supercomputers when the ranking is released next month at a supercomputing conference in New Orleans.

High-performance computing (HPC) is seen as critical to manufacturing might for its ability to simulate product development and speed time to market.

Among the groups that work to keep high performance computing on the agenda in Washington is the Council on Competitiveness, which is made up of CEOs of some of the largest U.S. firms, university presidents and labor leaders.

China's supercomputer is "certainly is an indicator that more countries are able to build and deploy massive computing systems for scientific and engineering activities," said Cynthia McIntyre, senior vice president of strategic operations, planning and development in HPC, at the council.

"I think that the position of number one is certainly one that the U.S. will like to maintain going forward, but I'm sure there are other countries that would like to take that position also," McIntyre said.

"I think that this is an opportunity to move forward to the next level of computing capabilities," McIntyre said of China's announcement.

The National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin is home of the Tianhe-1A supercomputer, which is a step up from China's Nebulae, a 1.27-petaflop system that is now the second-ranked system in the world.

But while the Tianhe is powerful, it is using U.S. chip technology, 7,168 Nvidia Tesla GPUs, each with 448 processor cores and 14,336 six-core Intel Xeon CPUs.

翻译：

中国提供了有关高科技金属，但不涉及超级计算机

计算机世界—— 作为中国工程要实现高科技的野心，在本月，中国已经在两条战线上施展了自己的身段，这也引起了美国政府和产业的关注。、

美国国务卿希拉里克林顿，在这个领域上，已经和中国领导人讨论过稀土元素出口萎缩和许多高科技应用的相关问题。

“这些元素不仅关系到日本和美国的工业生产，甚至影响了整个世界各国的工业生产”希拉里.克林顿说，星期三，檀香山记者招待会上。

中国政府周四表示：中国的技术发展“不会以稀土元素为筹码。纽约时报随后报告说“中国已经恢复了航运的稀土元素”减少了下半年的配额并结束今年的本月出口。

但是，在过去的十年中，中国已经大幅削减了稀土的出口，而对今天这次活动的意义还有待时间的确切。

与此同时，中国的在周四宣布，它已近建立了2.5千万亿的宠爱集计算机，而且这标题出现在世界上最强大的超级计算机500强名单公布中，这个排名是下个月在新奥尔良超级计算机大会的即将公布的。

高性能计算（HPC）是被视为至关重要的制造产业，因为它有能力开发模拟产品，加快产品上市时间。

在美国竞争力委员会，各工作组继续在华盛顿制定高性能计算议程，他们是由美国醉倒的公司，大学校长和劳工领导组成的一些CEO。

中国的超级计算机“肯定是个指标，更多的国家能够建立和部署大规模科学和工程计算系统和活动。”Cynthia McIntyre（战略规格高级副总裁）说，计划在安理会规划和开发高性能计算。

“我认为美国肯定会保持位置第一向前发展的，但我也敢肯定其他国家也会同意这种立场的。”Mcintyre 说。

“我认为这是一个机会，前进到下个级别的计算能力。”Mcintyre 对中国这份公告这么说。

  津的国家超级计算机中心下线的天河-1A超级计算机，这也是从中国的星云升级来的，使用的1.27-petaflop系统也是世界上排名第二的超级系统。

 但是，尽管天河是强大的，它使用的是美国芯片技术，7168颗NVIDIA Tesla GPU，每个拥有448个处理器核心和14,336六核英特尔至强处理器。

本文完。

关于超级计算机相关知识

摘自：http://baike.baidu.com/view/296324.htm

超级计算机通常是指由数百数千甚至更多的处理器（机）组成的、能计算普通PC机和服务器不能完成的大型复杂课题的计算机。为了帮助大家更好的理解超级计算机的运算速度我们把普通计算机的运算速度比做成人的走路速度，那么超级计算机就达到了火箭的速度。在这样的运算速度前提下，人们可以通过数值模拟来预测和解释以前无法实验的自然现象。

超级计算机技术　

　超级计算机技术已不再是一个新鲜的话题，美国IBM、日本NEC、中国曙光都已推出自己的超级计算机，但比较而言，以美国两院院士、“世界超级涡轮式刀片计算机之父”陈世卿博士为首的专家团队回归祖国后研发出的超级计算机仍然具有绝对的优势。

 

　新一代的超级计算机采用涡轮式设计，每个刀片就是一个服务器，能实现协同工作，并可根据应用需要随时增减。单个机柜的运算能力可达460.8千亿次/秒，理论上协作式高性能超级计算机的浮点运算速度为100万亿次/秒，实际高性能运算速度测试的效率高达84.35%，是名列世界最高效率的超级计算机之一。通过先进的架构和设计，它实现了存储和运算的分开，确保用户数据、资料在软件系统更新或CPU升级时不受任何影响，保障了存储信息的安全，真正实现了保持长时、高效、可靠的运算并易于升级和维护的优势。

 

　目前（2010年10月）世界最快超级计算机为天津国家超级计算机中心的天河-1A，速度为每秒2.5千万亿次，据悉该计算机采用了逾7000个英伟达生产的图形芯片