openstack运维实战系列(八)之glance镜像上传
1. 前言
在openstack中，glance负责image，即镜像相关的服务，镜像是一个已经打包好的文件，内置有操作系统和预先部署好的软件。基于image创建虚拟机，在openstack中是以backing file的形式创建的，即新建的虚拟机和镜像文件之间建立一个连接，相关的内容，后续以博客的形式呈现。本文以最简单的镜像上传为例，演示在openstack中制作完镜像之后，如何上传到openstack云环境中。
2. 通过glance操作
获取镜像，查看镜像信息
[root@controller upload]# qemu-img info CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud.qcow2c image: CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud.qcow2c file format: qcow2 #格式为qcow2 virtual size: 8.0G (8589934592 bytes) #空间大小 disk size: 410M cluster_size: 65536
2. 通过glance命令上传至openstack
[root@controller upload]# glance image-create --name centos-7 --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare --min-disk 0 --min-ram 512 --is-public True --is-protected True --human-readable --progress --file CentOS-7-x86_64-GenericCloud.qcow2c [=================> ] 59% +------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +------------------+--------------------------------------+ | checksum | 8e27a90b433e7c1a4db3fe8b8af6d1ad | | container_format | bare | | created_at | 2016-01-21T01:58:13 | | deleted | False | | deleted_at | None | | disk_format | qcow2 | | id | 4cccb602-0222-4c47-857a-5079ec571976 | | is_public | True | | min_disk | 0 | | min_ram | 512 | | name | centos-7 | | owner | 842ab3268a2c47e6a4b0d8774de805ae | | protected | True | | size | 409.2MB | | status | active | | updated_at | 2016-01-21T01:58:21 | | virtual_size | None | +------------------+--------------------------------------+
3. 查看glance镜像列表
[root@controller upload]# glance image-list +--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+------------------+-------------+--------+ | ID | Name | Disk Format | Container Format | Size | Status | +--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+------------------+-------------+--------+ | 6637990f-bcff-4ea7-a978-d3edeeb636d7 | centos-5.9-kg | qcow2 | bare | 2187460608 | active | | 4cccb602-0222-4c47-857a-5079ec571976 | centos-7 | qcow2 | bare | 429056512 | active | #上传成功 | b6c049c5-c4af-4f50-bba5-38b6850d7f41 | centos-7.0 | raw | bare | 10737418240 | active | | 73379d54-10f8-42b9-94d3-16ca6640c4b0 | cfme | qcow2 | bare | 2052325376 | active | | 37aaedc7-6fe6-4fc8-b110-408d166b8e51 | cirrors | qcow2 | bare | 13200896 | active | | ff0f7d03-a553-4357-a819-c74e913d649f | win2k8 | qcow2 | bare | 3391881216 | active | +--------------------------------------+---------------+-------------+------------------+-------------+--------+
4. 查看image的详细信息
[root@controller upload]# glance image-show 4cccb602-0222-4c47-857a-5079ec571976 +------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +------------------+--------------------------------------+ | checksum | 8e27a90b433e7c1a4db3fe8b8af6d1ad | | container_format | bare | container个数 | created_at | 2016-01-21T01:58:13 | | deleted | False | | disk_format | qcow2 | 磁盘格式 | id | 4cccb602-0222-4c47-857a-5079ec571976 | | is_public | True | 是否共有 | min_disk | 0 | 磁盘最小大小 | min_ram | 512 | 内存最小大小 | name | centos-7 | 名字 | owner | 842ab3268a2c47e6a4b0d8774de805ae | | protected | True | 是否保护 | size | 429056512 | 镜像大小 | status | active | | updated_at | 2016-01-21T01:58:21 | +------------------+--------------------------------------+
5. image的更新
[root@controller upload]# glance image-update --is-protected False 4cccb602-0222-4c47-857a-5079ec571976 +------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +------------------+--------------------------------------+ | checksum | 8e27a90b433e7c1a4db3fe8b8af6d1ad | | container_format | bare | | created_at | 2016-01-21T01:58:13 | | deleted | False | | deleted_at | None | | disk_format | qcow2 | | id | 4cccb602-0222-4c47-857a-5079ec571976 | | is_public | True | | min_disk | 0 | | min_ram | 512 | | name | centos-7 | | owner | 842ab3268a2c47e6a4b0d8774de805ae | | protected | False | #设置不保护，有保护不可以删除 | size | 429056512 | | status | active | | updated_at | 2016-01-21T02:02:20 | | virtual_size | None | +------------------+--------------------------------------+
6. image的删除
[root@controller upload]# glance image-delete 4cccb602-0222-4c47-857a-5079ec571976
3. 通过nova操作
除了通过glance操作openstack的image服务之外，还可以通过nova命令操作，主要基于两方面的考虑:1. 最初glance集成在nova的代码中，到了E版才脱离出来，成为一个单独的项目，2. nova创建虚拟机的时候，需要通过API的方式调用glance，以获取instance的镜像，从而实现instance的创建。所以，也可以通过nova的方式操作glance，实际上都是调用glance的底层实现镜像的相关操作。与glance不同的是，nova提供了对镜像的快照功能。
查看image
[root@controller upload]# nova image-list +--------------------------------------+---------------+--------+--------+ | ID | Name | Status | Server | +--------------------------------------+---------------+--------+--------+ | 6637990f-bcff-4ea7-a978-d3edeeb636d7 | centos-5.9-kg | ACTIVE | | | b6c049c5-c4af-4f50-bba5-38b6850d7f41 | centos-7.0 | ACTIVE | | | 73379d54-10f8-42b9-94d3-16ca6640c4b0 | cfme | ACTIVE | | | 37aaedc7-6fe6-4fc8-b110-408d166b8e51 | cirrors | ACTIVE | | | ff0f7d03-a553-4357-a819-c74e913d649f | win2k8 | ACTIVE | | +--------------------------------------+---------------+--------+--------+
2. 将instance转换为快照
root@controller upload]# nova image-create --show --poll c3e573aa-ea68-42fc-97be-609cf0907298 nova_image_test_by_happy Server snapshotting... 100% complete Finished +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | OS-EXT-IMG-SIZE:size | 965541888 | #快照记录元数据metadata的信息 | created | 2016-01-21T02:11:38Z | | id | 81c20616-fabd-419e-a286-37fd9b8cdb76 | | metadata base_image_ref | 5ce414b0-660a-46e1-ad0a-b842b2afc0b7 | | metadata image_location | snapshot | | metadata image_state | available | | metadata image_type | snapshot | | metadata instance_type_ephemeral_gb | 10 | | metadata instance_type_flavorid | 63a239ff-d557-4882-a9e4-1ebe24d98f3c | | metadata instance_type_id | 15 | | metadata instance_type_memory_mb | 2048 | | metadata instance_type_name | vmDev.F1 | | metadata instance_type_root_gb | 10 | | metadata instance_type_rxtx_factor | 1.0 | | metadata instance_type_swap | 0 | | metadata instance_type_vcpus | 1 | | metadata instance_uuid | c3e573aa-ea68-42fc-97be-609cf0907298 | | metadata network_allocated | True | | metadata owner_id | 842ab3268a2c47e6a4b0d8774de805ae | | metadata user_id | bc5e46fc4204497185ae3ca6f8b7affb | | minDisk | 10 | | minRam | 0 | | name | nova_image_test_by_happy | | progress | 100 | | server | c3e573aa-ea68-42fc-97be-609cf0907298 | | status | ACTIVE | | updated | 2016-01-21T02:14:20Z | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
3. 查看镜像快照的详细信息
[root@controller upload]# nova image-show 81c20616-fabd-419e-a286-37fd9b8cdb76 +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+ | OS-EXT-IMG-SIZE:size | 965541888 | | created | 2016-01-21T02:11:38Z | | id | 81c20616-fabd-419e-a286-37fd9b8cdb76 | | metadata base_image_ref | 5ce414b0-660a-46e1-ad0a-b842b2afc0b7 | | metadata image_location | snapshot | | metadata image_state | available | | metadata image_type | snapshot | | metadata instance_type_ephemeral_gb | 10 | | metadata instance_type_flavorid | 63a239ff-d557-4882-a9e4-1ebe24d98f3c | | metadata instance_type_id | 15 | | metadata instance_type_memory_mb | 2048 | | metadata instance_type_name | vmDev.F1 | | metadata instance_type_root_gb | 10 | | metadata instance_type_rxtx_factor | 1.0 | | metadata instance_type_swap | 0 | | metadata instance_type_vcpus | 1 | | metadata instance_uuid | c3e573aa-ea68-42fc-97be-609cf0907298 | | metadata network_allocated | True | | metadata owner_id | 842ab3268a2c47e6a4b0d8774de805ae | | metadata user_id | bc5e46fc4204497185ae3ca6f8b7affb | | minDisk | 10 | | minRam | 0 | | name | nova_image_test_by_happy | | progress | 100 | | server | c3e573aa-ea68-42fc-97be-609cf0907298 | | status | ACTIVE | | updated | 2016-01-21T02:14:20Z | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
4. 删除image
[root@controller upload]# nova image-delete 81c20616-fabd-419e-a286-37fd9b8cdb76
4. 总结
glance负责openstack中image的服务，image的制作可以通过两种方式：1. 新制作镜像，2. 从现有的instance做snapshot，前者的功能由glance实现，后者的功能由nova实现。制作完镜像之后，即可从镜像中启动虚拟机实例了。
5. 附录
glance image-create的命令帮助信息
[root@controller upload]# glance help image-create
usage: glance image-create [--id <IMAGE_ID>] [--name <NAME>] [--store <STORE>]
[--disk-format <DISK_FORMAT>]
[--container-format <CONTAINER_FORMAT>]
[--owner <TENANT_ID>] [--size <SIZE>]
[--min-disk <DISK_GB>] [--min-ram <DISK_RAM>]
[--location <IMAGE_URL>] [--file <FILE>]
[--checksum <CHECKSUM>] [--copy-from <IMAGE_URL>]
[--is-public {True,False}]
[--is-protected {True,False}]
[--property <key=value>] [--human-readable]
[--progress]
Create a new image.
Optional arguments:
--id <IMAGE_ID> ID of image to reserve.
--name <NAME> Name of image. #名字
--store <STORE> Store to upload image to.
--disk-format <DISK_FORMAT>
Disk format of image. Acceptable formats: ami, ari, #磁盘格式，支持aki, vhd, vmdk, raw, qcow2, vdi, and iso格式
aki, vhd, vmdk, raw, qcow2, vdi, and iso
--container-format <CONTAINER_FORMAT> #容器格式,支持ami,ari, aki, bare, and ovf格式
Container format of image. Acceptable formats: ami,
ari, aki, bare, and ovf.
--owner <TENANT_ID> Tenant who should own image.
--size <SIZE> Size of image data (in bytes). Only used with '--
location' and '--copy_from'.
--min-disk <DISK_GB> Minimum size of disk needed to boot image (in #最小的磁盘，表示镜像最小需要的磁盘空间，和flavor有关，如果太小，则创建vm失败
gigabytes).
--min-ram <DISK_RAM> Minimum amount of ram needed to boot image (in
megabytes).
--location <IMAGE_URL>
URL where the data for this image already resides. For #位置，支持三种location,file和copy-from，location是一个url路径
example, if the image data is stored in swift, you
could specify
'swift://account:[email protected]/container/obj'. #本地文件
--file <FILE> Local file that contains disk image to be uploaded
during creation. Alternatively, images can be passed
to the client via stdin.
--checksum <CHECKSUM>
Hash of image data used Glance can use for
verification. Provide a md5 checksum here.
--copy-from <IMAGE_URL> #远程拷贝，相比于location，copy-from会直接拷贝，而location则指定定义url路径
Similar to '--location' in usage, but this indicates
that the Glance server should immediately copy the
data and store it in its configured image store.
--is-public {True,False} #设置是否共有
Make image accessible to the public.
--is-protected {True,False} #是否保护标志位，房子误删除
Prevent image from being deleted.
--property <key=value>
Arbitrary property to associate with image. May be
used multiple times.
--human-readable Print image size in a human-friendly format. #镜像大小可读，即MB，GB格式显示
--progress Show upload progress bar. #显示上传的进度条
2. glance相关命令
[root@controller upload]# glance help usage: glance [--version] [-d] [-v] [--get-schema] [-k] [--cert-file CERT_FILE] [--key-file KEY_FILE] [--os-cacert <ca-certificate-file>] [--ca-file OS_CACERT] [--timeout TIMEOUT] [--no-ssl-compression] [-f] [--dry-run] [--ssl] [-H ADDRESS] [-p PORT] [--os-username OS_USERNAME] [-I OS_USERNAME] [--os-password OS_PASSWORD] [-K OS_PASSWORD] [--os-tenant-id OS_TENANT_ID] [--os-tenant-name OS_TENANT_NAME] [-T OS_TENANT_NAME] [--os-auth-url OS_AUTH_URL] [-N OS_AUTH_URL] [--os-region-name OS_REGION_NAME] [-R OS_REGION_NAME] [--os-auth-token OS_AUTH_TOKEN] [-A OS_AUTH_TOKEN] [--os-image-url OS_IMAGE_URL] [-U OS_IMAGE_URL] [--os-image-api-version OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION] [--os-service-type OS_SERVICE_TYPE] [--os-endpoint-type OS_ENDPOINT_TYPE] [-S OS_AUTH_STRATEGY] <subcommand> ... Command-line interface to the OpenStack Images API. Positional arguments: <subcommand> add DEPRECATED! Use image-create instead. #旧版的增删改查，即add,delete,update,list,show,details clear DEPRECATED! delete DEPRECATED! Use image-delete instead. details DEPRECATED! Use image-list instead. image-create Create a new image. #新版的增删改查，即image-create,image-delete,image-update,image-list,image-show image-delete Delete specified image(s). image-download Download a specific image. image-list List images you can access. image-members DEPRECATED! Use member-list instead. image-show Describe a specific image. image-update Update a specific image. index DEPRECATED! Use image-list instead. member-add DEPRECATED! Use member-create instead. #如果image设置为private，则可以通过member的形式共享给其他的tenant使用 member-create Share a specific image with a tenant. #包含member共享的相关操作，即member-create新建共享，member-delete删除共享，member-list查看共享 member-delete Remove a shared image from a tenant. member-images DEPRECATED! Use member-list instead. member-list Describe sharing permissions by image or tenant. members-replace DEPRECATED! show DEPRECATED! Use image-show instead. update DEPRECATED! Use image-update instead. help Display help about this program or one of its subcommands.
本文出自 “Happy实验室” 博客，转载请与作者联系！