两个或多个字段组成的主键,我们叫联合主键。在面向对象中,我们用JPA怎么定义这种情况呢?
怎么定义JPA 联合主键?用面向对象的思想来思考的话,联合主键里的复合主键(字段),可以把它看成一个整体,然后采用一个主键类来描述这个复合主键的字段
关于联合主键类,大家一定要遵守以下几点JPA规范:
1. 必须提供一个public的无参数构造函数。
2. 必须实现序列化接口
3. 必须重写hashCode()和equals()这两个方法。这两个方法应该采用复合主键的字段作为判断这个对象是否相等的
ArtLinePK.java
package cn.itcast.bean;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Embeddable;
//这个注解代表ArtLinePK这个类是用在实体里面,告诉JPA的实现产品:在实体类里面只是使用这类定义的属性
//简单的理解为:ArtLinePK里的属性可以看成是ArtLine类里的属性,好比ArtLinePK的属性就是在ArtLine里定义的
public class ArtLinePK implements Serializable{
private String startCity;
private String endCity;
public ArtLinePK() {
}
public ArtLinePK(String startCity, String endCity) {
this.startCity = startCity;
this.endCity = endCity;
}
(length=3)
public String getStartCity() {
return startCity;
}
public void setStartCity(String startCity) {
this.startCity = startCity;
}
(length=3)
public String getEndCity() {
return endCity;
}
public void setEndCity(String endCity) {
this.endCity = endCity;
}
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + ((endCity == null) ? 0 : endCity.hashCode());
result = prime * result + ((startCity == null) ? 0 : startCity.hashCode());
return result;
}
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
final ArtLinePK other = (ArtLinePK) obj;
if (endCity == null) {
if (other.endCity != null)
return false;
} else if (!endCity.equals(other.endCity))
return false;
if (startCity == null) {
if (other.startCity != null)
return false;
} else if (!startCity.equals(other.startCity))
return false;
return true;
}
}
这个联合主键类,应该作为实体类的一个主键(实体标识符,id)
ArtLine.java
package cn.itcast.bean;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
public class ArtLine {
private ArtLinePK id;//用面向对象的思想去思考的话,这个复合主键看成一个整体,由复合主键类ArtLinePK来描述
private String name;
public ArtLine() {
}
public ArtLine(ArtLinePK id) {
this.id = id;
}
public ArtLine(String startCity, String endCity, String name) {
this.id = new ArtLinePK(startCity, endCity);
this.name = name;
}
//按照JPA规范要求,我们并不是用@Id来标注它
//@EmbeddedId 这个注解用于标注id这个属性为实体的标识符,因为我们使用的是复合主键类,
//所以我们要用@EmbeddedId这个专门针对复合主键类的 用于标志实体标识符的注解
public ArtLinePK getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(ArtLinePK id) {
this.id = id;
}
(length=20)
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
我们的复合主键类,目前为止,已经定义好了。定义好了之后,接着我们就看它生成的数据库表是否满足复合主键这么一种情况。
ArtLineTest.java
package junit.test;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import cn.itcast.bean.ArtLine;
public class ArtLineTest {
public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
}
public void save(){
EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("itcast");
EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();
em.getTransaction().begin();
em.persist(new ArtLine("PEK","SHA","北京飞上海"));
em.getTransaction().commit();
em.close();
factory.close();
}
}