配置sqoop的环境变量

简述了sqoop的的功能，作用，以及版本演进，那么本篇我们就来实战下，看下如下安装使用sqoop（注：散仙在这里部署的是sqoop1的环境搭建）。

首先，sqoop是基于Hadoop工作的，所以在这之前，确保你的Linux环境下，已经有可以正常工作的hadoop集群，当然伪分布式和完全分布式都可以。


其次，我们得下载一个sqoop的安全包，散仙在这里使用的是sqoop1，版本是sqoop1.4.4的版本。

最后，我们需要配置一些坏境变量，然后就可以以使用sqoop进行数据迁移了。




我们先启动hadoop集群，散仙的是伪分布式的截图如下：




接下来，我们需要配置sqoop的环境变量，拷贝sqoop-env-template.sh改名为sqoop-env.sh，需要注意的是在这个配置文件里面，hadoop的环境变量是必须要配置的，否则将会导致连接失败，并出现警告，其他的如Hbase，和Hive的环境变量，则不是必要的，虽然会出现警告信息，但是只要不向它们上面导入数据，就没问题。当然如果我们的应用，需要向Hbase，或Hive里导入数据，那么则需要配置此环境变量，另外一个关于zookeeper的zoo.cfg的配置目录，这个可以不用配置，使用sqoop内置的zookeeper即可，当然如果我们使用的是外置的zookeeper，则可能需要配置一下，散仙的配置文件如下：

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# included in all the hadoop scripts with source command
# should not be executable directly
# also should not be passed any arguments, since we need original $*

# Set Hadoop-specific environment variables here.

#Set path to where bin/hadoop is available
#hadoop的环境信息必须
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=/root/hadoop

#Set path to where hadoop-*-core.jar is available
#hadoop的mr存放目录的配置信息必须
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/root/hadoop/tmp/mapred

#set the path to where bin/hbase is available
#hbase的配置信息非必须
export HBASE_HOME=/root/hbase

#Set the path to where bin/hive is available
#hive的配置信息非必须
export HIVE_HOME=/root/hive

#Set the path for where zookeper config dir is
#export ZOOCFGDIR=

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# included in all the hadoop scripts with source command
# should not be executable directly
# also should not be passed any arguments, since we need original $*

# Set Hadoop-specific environment variables here.

#Set path to where bin/hadoop is available
#hadoop的环境信息必须
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=/root/hadoop

#Set path to where hadoop-*-core.jar is available
#hadoop的mr存放目录的配置信息必须
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=/root/hadoop/tmp/mapred

#set the path to where bin/hbase is available
#hbase的配置信息非必须
export HBASE_HOME=/root/hbase

#Set the path to where bin/hive is available
#hive的配置信息非必须
export HIVE_HOME=/root/hive

#Set the path for where zookeper config dir is
#export ZOOCFGDIR=

此外，还有一点必须要做的是，拷贝的一份hadoop的核心包到sqoop的lib里面，和以及相对应的数据库的连接包，如果你是oracle，就拷贝一份oracle的JDBC连接包到sqoop的lib，同样如果你是sql server的则一样，散仙在这里使用的是mysql，所以需要拷贝mysql的JDBC包到sqoop的lib里面，截图如下：



然后，我们就可以输入命令，测试数据库连接了：

bin/sqoop list-databases    --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.
20.129 --username root --password root

 bin/sqoop list-databases    --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.
120.129 --username root --password root

打印的信息如下:

Warning: /usr/lib/hcatalog does not exist! HCatalog jobs will fail.
Please set $HCAT_HOME to the root of your HCatalog installation.
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.

13/12/30 06:58:40 WARN tool.BaseSqoopTool: Setting your password on the command-line is insecure. Consider using -P instead.
13/12/30 06:58:40 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Preparing to use a MySQL streaming resultset.
information_schema
hive
mysql
test

Warning: /usr/lib/hcatalog does not exist! HCatalog jobs will fail.
Please set $HCAT_HOME to the root of your HCatalog installation.
Warning: $HADOOP_HOME is deprecated.

13/12/30 06:58:40 WARN tool.BaseSqoopTool: Setting your password on the command-line is insecure. Consider using -P instead.
13/12/30 06:58:40 INFO manager.MySQLManager: Preparing to use a MySQL streaming resultset.
information_schema
hive
mysql
test

1,将msyql中的数据导入HDFS命令如下

bin/sqoop  import  --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.120.129/test --table student
//将HDFS上的数据导入到mysql中

 bin/sqoop export --connect  jdbc:mysql://192.168.120.129/test --username sqoop --password sqoop --table students --export-dir hdfs://masternode:9000/user/grid/students/part-m-00000

bin/sqoop  import  --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.120.129/test --table student
//将HDFS上的数据导入到mysql中

 bin/sqoop export --connect  jdbc:mysql://192.168.120.129/test --username sqoop --password sqoop --table students --export-dir hdfs://masternode:9000/user/grid/students/part-m-00000

2,将msyql中的数据导入Hbase命令如下

bin/sqoop  import  --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.120.129/test --table student --hbase-table qindongliang --hbase-create-table --hbase-row-key id --column-family dong

 bin/sqoop  import  --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.120.129/test --table student --hbase-table qindongliang --hbase-create-table --hbase-row-key id --column-family dong

3,将msyql中的数据导入Hive命令如下

sqoop import  --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.120.129/test  --table ST_Statistics --hive-import  --create-hive-table
  //将Hive中的数据导出到mysql中
bin/sqoop export --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.120.129/test --username root --password admin --table uv_info --export-dir /user/hive/warehouse/uv/dt=mytable

 sqoop import  --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.120.129/test  --table ST_Statistics --hive-import  --create-hive-table 
   //将Hive中的数据导出到mysql中
 bin/sqoop export --connect jdbc:mysql://192.168.120.129/test --username root --password admin --table uv_info --export-dir /user/hive/warehouse/uv/dt=mytable

关于将Hbase的数据导入到mysql里，sqoop并不是直接支持的，一般采用如下3种方法，将Hbase数据，扁平化成HDFS文件，然后再由sqoop导入，第二种，将Hbase数据导入Hive表中，然后再导入mysql，第三种直接使用Hbase的Java API读取表数据，直接向mysql导入，不需要使用sqoop。