使用RMAN创建复制数据库

我的实验环境：

- 源数据库A机：
RHEL6.4 + Oracle 11.2.0.4
IP地址：192.168.99.159
db_name=oradb 数据库已正常运行

- 复制数据库B机：
RHEL6.4 + Oracle 11.2.0.4
IP地址：192.168.99.191
db_name=testdb 仅安装了数据库软件

• 1.为复制数据库做准备
• 2.启动辅助实例到nomount模式
• 3.启动源数据库到mount或open
• 4.运行RMAN DUPLICATE命令
• 5.打开辅助实例

1.为复制数据库做准备

登录到B机，

1.1 配置环境变量

ORACLE_SID=testdb
ORACLE_BASE=按实际配置
ORACLE_HOME=按实际配置
PATH=按实际配置

1.2 创建密码文件

orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle entries=20

1.3 创建初始化参数文件

vi init$ORACLE_SID.ora

db_name=testdb
compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
db_create_file_dest='/u01/oradata2'

注意：
CONTROL_FILES参数，如果未使用OMF，则需要指定。我这里使用OMF。指定 db_create_file_dest即可。
DB_BLOCK_SIZE参数，大小必须与源库一致，如果源库设置，则也需要指定。我这里不需要。

1.4 监听网络配置

因为后续辅助实例启动到nomount模式远程连接，需要配置静态监听。

cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

配置监听listener.ora

sid_list_listener =
 (sid_list =
  (sid_desc =
   (global_dbname=testdb)
   (sid_name=testdb)
   (oracle_home=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
  )
 )

配置tnsnames.ora

A =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.99.159)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = oradb)
    )
  )

B =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.99.191)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = testdb)
    )
  )

2.启动辅助实例到nomount模式

登录到B机，

SQL> startup nomount

测试连接：sqlplus sys/oracle@B as sysdba

$ sqlplus sys/oracle@B as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Nov 5 14:33:45 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

SQL> 

3.启动源数据库到mount或open

登录到A机，

SQL> startup 

SQL> select status, instance_name from v$instance;

STATUS       INSTANCE_NAME
------------ ----------------
OPEN         oradb

SQL> select dbid, open_mode from v$database;

      DBID OPEN_MODE
---------- --------------------
2647366668 READ WRITE

4.运行RMAN DUPLICATE命令

登录到A机：

$ rman target sys/oracle@A auxiliary sys/oracle@B
RMAN> duplicate target database to testdb from active database;

具体过程如下：

[oracle@JY-DB01 admin]$ rman target sys/oracle@A auxiliary sys/oracle@B

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Nov 5 15:44:57 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORADB (DBID=2647366668)
connected to auxiliary database: TESTDB (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database to testdb from active database;

Starting Duplicate Db at 2015-11-05 15:46:44
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone "create spfile from memory";
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: create spfile from memory

contents of Memory Script:
{
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     238034944 bytes

Fixed Size                     2252016 bytes
Variable Size                180355856 bytes
Database Buffers              50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers                   5095424 bytes

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone "alter system set  control_files = 
  ''/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/controlfile/o1_mf_c3p2gqj2_.ctl'' comment=
 ''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system set  db_name = 
 ''ORADB'' comment=
 ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system set  db_unique_name = 
 ''TESTDB'' comment=
 ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone force nomount
   backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format  '/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/controlfile/o1_mf_c3p2gqjc_.ctl';
   sql clone "alter system set  control_files = 
  ''/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/controlfile/o1_mf_c3p2gqjc_.ctl'' comment=
 ''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone nomount;
   alter clone database mount;
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter system set  control_files =   ''/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/controlfile/o1_mf_c3p2gqj2_.ctl'' comment= ''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set  db_name =  ''ORADB'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set  db_unique_name =  ''TESTDB'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     238034944 bytes

Fixed Size                     2252016 bytes
Variable Size                180355856 bytes
Database Buffers              50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers                   5095424 bytes

Starting backup at 2015-11-05 15:47:29
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=46 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_oradb.f tag=TAG20151105T154729 RECID=27 STAMP=894988050
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2015-11-05 15:47:31

sql statement: alter system set  control_files =   ''/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/controlfile/o1_mf_c3p2gqjc_.ctl'' comment= ''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     238034944 bytes

Fixed Size                     2252016 bytes
Variable Size                180355856 bytes
Database Buffers              50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers                   5095424 bytes

database mounted

contents of Memory Script:
{
   set newname for clone datafile  1 to new;
   set newname for clone datafile  2 to new;
   set newname for clone datafile  3 to new;
   set newname for clone datafile  4 to new;
   backup as copy reuse
   datafile  1 auxiliary format new
   datafile  2 auxiliary format new
   datafile  3 auxiliary format new
   datafile  4 auxiliary format new
   ;
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 2015-11-05 15:47:57
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/oradata/ORADB/datafile/o1_mf_system_c2v0xxm5_.dbf
output file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_system_4uqlgrpe_.dbf tag=TAG20151105T154757
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/oradata/ORADB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_c2v0xxp1_.dbf
output file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_4vqlgrq7_.dbf tag=TAG20151105T154757
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/oradata/ORADB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_c2v0xxpb_.dbf
output file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_50qlgrqm_.dbf tag=TAG20151105T154757
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/oradata/ORADB/datafile/users01.dbf
output file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_51qlgrqp_.dbf tag=TAG20151105T154757
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2015-11-05 15:48:43

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy reuse
   archivelog like  "/u01/oradb_arch1/1_146_894101903.dbf" auxiliary format 
 "/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_146_894101903.dbf"   ;
   catalog clone archivelog  "/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_146_894101903.dbf";
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 2015-11-05 15:48:44
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy
input archived log thread=1 sequence=146 RECID=252 STAMP=894988123
output file name=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_146_894101903.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2015-11-05 15:48:45

cataloged archived log
archived log file name=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_146_894101903.dbf RECID=252 STAMP=894988217

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=27 STAMP=894988217 file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_system_4uqlgrpe_.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=28 STAMP=894988217 file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_4vqlgrq7_.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=29 STAMP=894988217 file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_50qlgrqm_.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=30 STAMP=894988217 file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_51qlgrqp_.dbf

contents of Memory Script:
{
   set until scn  2237265;
   recover
   clone database
    delete archivelog
   ;
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

Starting recover at 2015-11-05 15:48:46
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=24 device type=DISK

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 146 is already on disk as file /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_146_894101903.dbf
archived log file name=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_146_894101903.dbf thread=1 sequence=146
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 2015-11-05 15:48:49
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     238034944 bytes

Fixed Size                     2252016 bytes
Variable Size                180355856 bytes
Database Buffers              50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers                   5095424 bytes

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone "alter system set  db_name = 
 ''TESTDB'' comment=
 ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system reset  db_unique_name scope=spfile";
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter system set  db_name =  ''TESTDB'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system reset  db_unique_name scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     238034944 bytes

Fixed Size                     2252016 bytes
Variable Size                180355856 bytes
Database Buffers              50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers                   5095424 bytes
sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "TESTDB" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG 
  MAXLOGFILES     16
  MAXLOGMEMBERS      3
  MAXDATAFILES      100
  MAXINSTANCES     8
  MAXLOGHISTORY      292
 LOGFILE
  GROUP   1  SIZE 50 M ,
  GROUP   2  SIZE 50 M ,
  GROUP   3  SIZE 50 M 
 DATAFILE
  '/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_system_4uqlgrpe_.dbf'
 CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK


contents of Memory Script:
{
   set newname for clone tempfile  1 to new;
   switch clone tempfile all;
   catalog clone datafilecopy  "/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_4vqlgrq7_.dbf", 
 "/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_50qlgrqm_.dbf", 
 "/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_51qlgrqp_.dbf";
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_temp_%u_.tmp in control file

cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_4vqlgrq7_.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=894988259
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_50qlgrqm_.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=894988259
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_51qlgrqp_.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=894988259

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=894988259 file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_4vqlgrq7_.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=894988259 file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_50qlgrqm_.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=894988259 file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_51qlgrqp_.dbf
Reenabling controlfile options for auxiliary database
Executing: alter database enable block change tracking

contents of Memory Script:
{
   Alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script

database opened
Finished Duplicate Db at 2015-11-05 15:49:38

RMAN> 

5.打开辅助实例

登录到B机，

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Nov 5 16:06:29 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

SQL>  select status, instance_name from v$instance;

STATUS       INSTANCE_NAME
------------ ----------------
OPEN         testdb

SQL> select dbid, open_mode from v$database;

      DBID OPEN_MODE
---------- --------------------
2678316385 READ WRITE

至此，���功duplicate数据库TESTDB。可以发现使用RMAN DUPLICATE复制的数据库DBID是不同的。