MySQL5.6:基于GTID的主从复制

一、GTID简介

MySQL 5.6 的新特性之一,是加入了全局事务 ID (GTID) 来强化数据库的主备一致性,故障恢复,以及容错能力。

什么是GTID?

官方文档:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/replication-gtids.html在这篇文档里,我们可以知道全局事务 ID 的官方定义是:GTID = source_id:transaction_id

MySQL 5.6 中,每一个 GTID 代表一个数据库事务。在上面的定义中,source_id 表示执行事务的主库 uuid(server_uuid),transaction_id 是一个从 1 开始的自增计数,表示在这个主库上执行的第 n 个事务。MySQL 会保证事务与 GTID 之间的 1 : 1 映射。

二、环境准备

操作系统:CentOS6.5 64位

数据库版本:MySQL5.6.23

拓扑如下:

MySQL5.6:基于GTID的主从复制_第1张图片

三、安装主数据库(masterdb.example.com)

1、准备数据存放目录、创建用户

 

1 1 [root@masterdb ~]#mkdir /data/mysqldata -p   #创建数据存放目录
2 2 [root@masterdb ~]#mkdir /data/mysqlLog/logs -p  #创建日志存放目录
3 3 [root@masterdb ~]#groupadd -r mysql
4 4 [root@masterdb ~]#useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /data/mysqldata mysql
5 5 [root@masterdb ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata
6 6 [root@masterdb ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqlLog/logs

 2、安装并初始化mysql5.6.23

 

 1 [root@masterdb ~]# tar xf mysql-advanced-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
 2 [root@masterdb ~]# cd /usr/local/
 3 [root@masterdb ~]# ln -sv mysql-advanced-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
 4 [root@masterdb ~]# chown -R root.mysql mysql
 5 [root@masterdb ~]# cd mysql
 6 [root@masterdb ~]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
 7 [root@masterdb ~]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
 8 [root@masterdb ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
 9 [root@masterdb ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
10 [root@masterdb ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
11 [root@masterdb ~]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/

 

3、输出mysql的man手册至man命令的查找路径:

编辑/etc/man.config,添加如下行即可:
MANPATH  /usr/local/mysql/man

4、输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include:

这可以通过简单的创建链接实现:

1 [root@masterdb ~]#ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include  /usr/include/mysql

5、输出mysql的库文件给系统库查找路径:

1 [root@masterdb ~]#echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf

而后让系统重新载入系统库:

1 [root@masterdb ~]# ldconfig

6、修改PATH环境变量,让系统可以直接使用mysql的相关命令:

1 [root@masterdb ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
2 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
3 [root@masterdb ~]#source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

从数据库安装同上,具体过程略过。

四、分别为主从数据库提供配置文件/etc/my.cnf

要在MySQL 5.6中使用复制功能,其服务配置段[mysqld]中于少应该定义如下选项:
binlog-format:二进制日志的格式,有row、statement和mixed几种类型;
    需要注意的是:当设置隔离级别为READ-COMMITED必须设置二进制日志格式为ROW,现在MySQL官方认为STATEMENT这个已经不再适合继续使用;但mixed类型在默认的事务隔离级别下,可能会导致主从数据不一致;
log-slave-updates、gtid-mode、enforce-gtid-consistency、report-port和report-host:用于启动GTID及满足附属的其它需求;
master-info-repository和relay-log-info-repository:启用此两项,可用于实现在崩溃时保证二进制及从服务器安全的功能;
sync-master-info:启用之可确保无信息丢失;
slave-paralles-workers:设定从服务器的SQL线程数;0表示关闭多线程复制功能;
binlog-checksum、master-verify-checksum和slave-sql-verify-checksum:启用复制有关的所有校验功能;
binlog-rows-query-log-events:启用之可用于在二进制日志记录事件相关的信息,可降低故障排除的复杂度;
log-bin:启用二进制日志,这是保证复制功能的基本前提;
server-id:同一个复制拓扑中的所有服务器的id号必须惟一;

主数据库上:

 1 [client]
 2 port = 3306
 3 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
 4 default-character-set = utf8
 5 [mysql]
 6 no-auto-rehash
 7 default-character-set = utf8
 8 
 9 [mysqld]
10 server-id = 1
11 port = 3306
12 user = mysql
13 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
14 datadir = /data/mysqldata
15 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
16 default-storage-engine = INNODB
17 character-set-server = utf8
18 connect_timeout = 60
19 interactive_timeout = 28800
20 wait_timeout = 28800
21 back_log = 500
22 event_scheduler = ON
23 skip_name_resolve = ON;
24 
25 ###########binlog##########
26 log-bin = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql-bin
27 binlog_format = row
28 max_binlog_size = 128M
29 binlog_cache_size = 2M
30 expire-logs-days = 5
31 log-slave-updates=true
32 gtid-mode=on
33 enforce-gtid-consistency=true
34 master-info-repository=TABLE
35 relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
36 sync-master-info=1
37 slave-parallel-workers=4
38 #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1
39 
40 slow_query_log = 1
41 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql.slow
42 long_query_time = 1
43 
44 log_error = /data/mysqlLog/logs/error.log
45 max_connections = 3000
46 max_connect_errors = 32767
47 log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
48 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

从数据库上:

 1 [client]
 2 port = 3306
 3 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
 4 default-character-set = utf8
 5 
 6 [mysql]
 7 no-auto-rehash
 8 default-character-set = utf8
 9 
10 [mysqld]
11 server-id = 205
12 port = 3306
13 user = mysql
14 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
15 datadir = /data/mysqldata
16 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
17 default-storage-engine = INNODB
18 character-set-server = utf8
19 connect_timeout = 60
20 wait_timeout = 18000
21 back_log = 500
22 event_scheduler = ON
23 
24 ###########binlog##########
25 log-bin = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql-bin
26 binlog_format = row
27 max_binlog_size = 128M
28 binlog_cache_size = 2M
29 expire-logs-days = 5
30 log-slave-updates=true
31 gtid-mode=on 
32 enforce-gtid-consistency=true
33 master-info-repository=TABLE
34 relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
35 sync-master-info=1
36 slave-parallel-workers=4
37 #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1
38 skip-slave-start
39 
40 slow_query_log = 1
41 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql.slow
42 long_query_time = 2
43 
44 log-error = /data/mysqlLog/logs/error.log
45 max_connections = 3000
46 max_connect_errors = 10000
47 log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
48 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

五、分别在主从数据库上启动mysqld服务

1 [root@masterdb ~]# service mysqld start
2 Starting MySQL......                                       [  OK  ]
3 [root@masterdb ~]# 
1 [root@slavedb ~]# service mysqld start
2 Starting MySQL......                                       [  OK  ]
3 [root@slavedb ~]# 

六、在主数据库上创建复制用户

1 mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO repluser@172.16.88.205 IDENTIFIED BY 'replpassword';

说明:172.16.88.205是从节点服务器;如果想一次性授权更多的节点,可以自行根据需要修改;

七、启动从数据库上的复制线程

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='masterdb.example.com', MASTER_USER='repluser', MASTER_PASSWORD='replpassword', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
mysql>start slave;

八、在从数据库上查看复制状态:

mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: masterdb.56xyl.com
                  Master_User: repluser
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 191
               Relay_Log_File: slavedb-relay-bin.000003
                Relay_Log_Pos: 401
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002 Slave_IO_Running: Yes   #IO线程已正常运行
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #SQL线程已正常运行
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 191
              Relay_Log_Space: 1899
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 971d7245-c3f8-11e5-8b6b-000c2999e5a5
             Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 971d7245-c3f8-11e5-8b6b-000c2999e5a5:1-6
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 89e78301-c3f4-11e5-8b51-00505624d26a:1-3,
971d7245-c3f8-11e5-8b6b-000c2999e5a5:1-6
                Auto_Position: 1
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

mysql> 

九、测试

在主库上创建数据库:

1 mysql> create database log_statics;
2 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.11 sec)
3 
4 mysql> use log_statics;
5 Database changed

到从数据库上查看log_statics是否已经复制过去

 1 mysql> show databases;
 2 +--------------------+
 3 | Database           |
 4 +--------------------+
 5 | information_schema |
 6 | log_statics        |
 7 | mysql              |
 8 | performance_schema |
 9 +--------------------+
10 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
11 
12 mysql>

可以看到log_statics数据库已经存在于从数据库上。

 

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