1.修改程序清单10.7中的程序rain,使它不使用数组下标,而是使用指针进行计算(程序中仍然需要声明并初始化数组)
#include<stdio.h> #define MONTHS 12 #define YEARS 5 int main() { const float rain[YEARS][MONTHS]={ {4.3,4.3,4.3,3.0,2.0,1.2,0.2,0.2,0.4,2.4,3.5,6.6}, {8.5,8.2,1.2,1.6,2.4,0.0,5.2,0.9,0.3,0.9,1.4,7.3}, {9.1,8.5,6.7,4.3,2.1,0.8,0.2,0.2,1.1,2.3,6.1,8.4}, {7.2,9.9,8.4,3.3,1.2,0.8,0.4,0.0,0.6,1.7,4.3,6.2}, {7.6,5.6,3.8,2.8,3.8,0.2,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.3,2.6,5.2} }; int year,month; float subtot,total; const float *rainPtr; rainPtr = rain[0]; printf("YEAR RAINFALL (inches)\n"); for(year = 0,total = 0; year < YEARS; year++) { for(month = 0,subtot = 0; month < MONTHS; month++) { subtot += *rainPtr; rainPtr++; } printf("200%d %.1f\n",year,subtot); total += subtot; } printf("\nThe yearly average is %.1f inches.\n",total/MONTHS); printf("MONTHLY AVERAGES:\n\n"); printf(" Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct "); printf(" Nov Dec\n"); rainPtr = rain[0]; //reset pointer for(month = 0; month < MONTHS ; month++) { rainPtr = rainPtr + month; for(year = 0,subtot = 0; year < YEARS ; year++) { subtot += *rainPtr; rainPtr += MONTHS; } rainPtr = rain[0]; printf(" %.1f ",subtot/YEARS); } printf("\n"); return 0; }
2.编写一个程序,初始化一个double数组,然后把数组内容复制到另外两个数组(3个数组都需要在主程序中声明)。制作第一份拷贝的函数使用数组符号。制作第二份拷贝的函数使用指针符号,并使用指针的增量操作。把目标数组名和要复制的元素数目做为参数传递给函数。也就是说,如果给定了下列声明,函数调用应该如下面所示:
#include<stdio.h> #define SIZE 5 void copy_arr(double target1[],double source[],int n); void copy_ptr(double *target2,double *source,int n); void display(double *target,int n); int main() { double source[SIZE]={ 1.1,1.2,1,6.4,7.8 }; double target1[SIZE]; double target2[SIZE]; copy_arr(target1,source,SIZE); copy_ptr(target2,source,SIZE); display(target1,SIZE); printf("\n"); display(target2,SIZE); printf("\n"); return 0; } void copy_arr(double target1[],double source[],int n) { for(int i=0;i < n;i++) { target1[i] = source[i]; } } void copy_ptr(double *target2,double *source,int n) { for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { //*target2 = *source; //source++; //target2++; *target2++ = *source++; } } void display(double *target,int n) { for(int i = 0 ; i < n ;i++) { printf("%2.2f ",*target++); // target++; } }
3.编写一个函数,返回一个int数组中存储的最大数值,并在一个简单的程序中测试这个函数。
#include<stdio.h> #define SIZE 5 int select_max(int *ptr,int n); int main() { int array[SIZE] = { 1,2,3,4,5 }; int max; max = select_max(array,SIZE); printf("max is %d\n",max); return 0; } int select_max(int *ptr,int n) { int max = *ptr; for(int i = 0 ; i < SIZE ; i++) { if(max < *ptr) max = *ptr; ptr++; } return max; }
4.编写一个函数,返回一个double数组中存储的最大数值的索引,并在一个简单程序中测试这个函数。
#include<stdio.h> #define SIZE 5 int select_max(int *ptr,int n); int main() { int array[SIZE] = { 1,2,3,4,5 }; int max_index; max_index = select_max(array,SIZE); printf("max index is %d\n",max_index); return 0; } int select_max(int *ptr,int n) { int max = *ptr; int max_index = 0; for(int i = 0 ; i < SIZE ; i++) { if(max < *ptr) { max = *ptr; max_index = i; } ptr++; } return max_index; }
5.编写一个函数,返回一个double数组中最大的和最小的数之间的差值,并在一个简单的程序中测试这个函数。
#include<stdio.h> #define SIZE 5 int D_value(int *ptr,int n); int main() { int array[SIZE] = { 1,2,3,4,5 }; int value; value = D_value(array,SIZE); printf("max - min = %d\n",value); return 0; } int D_value(int *ptr,int n) { int max = *ptr; int min = *ptr; for(int i = 0 ; i < SIZE ; i++) { if(max < *ptr ) { max = *ptr; } if(min > *ptr) min = *ptr; ptr++; } return max-min; }
6.编写一个程序,初始化一个二维double数组,并利用练习2中的任一函数来把这个数组复制到另一个二维数组(因为二维数组是数组的数组,所以可以使用处理一维数组的函数来复制数组的每个子数组)。
#include<stdio.h> #define SIZE 6 void copy_ptr(double *target1,double *source,int n); void display(double *target,int n); int main() { double source[2][3]={ 1.1,1.2,1,6.4,7.8 }; double target1[2][3]; copy_ptr(target1[0],source[0],SIZE); display(target1[0],SIZE); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); return 0; } void copy_ptr(double *target1,double *source,int n) { for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { //*target2 = *source; //source++; //target2++; *target1++ = *source++; } } void display(double *target,int n) { for(int i = 0 ; i < n ;i++) { printf("%2.2f ",*target++); // target++; } }
7.利用练习2中的复制函数,把—个包含7个元素的数组内第3到第5元素复制到一个包含3个元素的数组中。函数本身不需要修改,只需要选择合适的实际参数(实际参数不需要是数组名和数组大小,而只须是数组元素的地址和需要复制的元素数目)。
#include<stdio.h> #define SIZE 5 #define TARGET_SIZE 3 void copy_ptr(double *target1,double *source,int n); void display(double *target,int n); int main() { double source[SIZE]={ 1.1,1.2,1,6.4,7.8 }; double target1[TARGET_SIZE]; copy_ptr(target1,source+2,TARGET_SIZE); display(target1,TARGET_SIZE); printf("\n"); printf("\n"); return 0; } void copy_ptr(double *target1,double *source,int n) { for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { *target1++ = *source++; } } void display(double *target,int n) { for(int i = 0 ; i < n ;i++) { printf("%2.2f ",*target++); // target++; } }
8.编写一个程序,初始化一个3x5的二维double数组,并利用一个基于变长数组的函数把该数组复制到另一个二维数组。还要编写。个基于变长数组的函数来显示两个数组的内容。这两个函数应该能够处理任意的NxM数组(如果没有可以支持变长数组的编译器,就使用传统C中处理Nx5数组的函数方法)。
#include<stdio.h> #define ROW 3 #define COL 5 void copy_ptr(double *target1,double *source,int n); void copy_arr(double target2[][COL],double source[][COL],int rows); void display(double target[][COL],int rows); int main() { double source[ROW][COL] = { {1,1.2,4,5.6,7.8}, {1,1.2,4,5.6,7.8}, {1,1.2,4,5.6,7.8} }; double target1[ROW][COL],target2[ROW][COL]; copy_ptr(target1[0],source[0],ROW*COL); copy_arr(target2,source,ROW); display(target1,ROW); printf("\n"); display(target2,ROW); printf("\n"); return 0; } void copy_ptr(double *target1,double *source,int n) { for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) *target1++ = *source++; } void copy_arr(double target2[][COL],double source[][COL],int rows) { for(int i = 0 ; i < rows ; i++) for(int j = 0; j < COL ; j++) target2[i][j] = source[i][j]; } void display(double target[][COL],int rows) { for(int i = 0 ; i < rows ; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < COL ; j++) printf("%2.1f ",target[i][j]); printf("\n"); } }
9.编写一个函数,把两个数组内的相应元素相加,结果存储到第3个数组内。也就是说,如果数组l具有值2、4、5、8,数组2具有值1、0、4、6,则函数对数组3赋值为3、4、9、140函数的参数包括3个数组名和数组大小。并在一个简单的程序中测试这个函数。
#include<stdio.h> #define SIZE 6 void sum(double *target1,double *target2,double *result,int n); void display(double *target,int n); int main() { double source1[SIZE]={ 1.1,1.2,1,6.4,7.8 }; double source2[SIZE]={ 1.1,1.2,1,6.4,7.8 }; double result[SIZE]; sum(source1,source2,result,SIZE); display(result,SIZE); printf("\n"); return 0; } void sum(double *target1,double *target2,double *result,int n) { for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { result[i] = target1[i] + target2[i]; } } void display(double *target,int n) { for(int i = 0 ; i < n ;i++) { printf("%2.2f ",*target++); // target++; } }
10.编写…个程序,声明一个3x5的数组并初始化,具体数值可以随意。程序打印出数值,然后数值翻1番,接着再次打印出新值。编写一个函数来显示数组的内容,再编写另一个函数执行翻倍功能。数组名和数组行数作为参数由程序传递给函数
#include<stdio.h> #define ROW 3 #define COL 5 void double_arr(double target[][COL],int rows); //arrry*2 void display(double source[][COL],int rows); int main() { double source[ROW][COL] = { {1,1.2,4,5.6,7.8}, {1,1.2,4,5.6,7.8}, {1,1.2,4,5.6,7.8} }; display(source,ROW); double_arr(source,ROW); printf("\n"); display(source,ROW); printf("\n"); return 0; } void double_arr(double source[][COL],int rows) { for(int i = 0 ; i < rows ; i++) for(int j = 0; j < COL ; j++) source[i][j] = source[i][j] * 2; } void display(double source[][COL],int rows) { for(int i = 0 ; i < rows ; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < COL ; j++) printf("%2.1f ",source[i][j]); printf("\n"); } }
11.重写程序清单10.7的程序rain,main()中的主要功能改为由函数来执行。
#include <stdio.h> #define MONTHS 12 // number of months in a year #define YEARS 5 // number of years of data void every_total(const float source[][MONTHS],int years); //rainfull of every year and total rainfull void average_month(const float source[][MONTHS],int years);//average rainfull of every month int main(void) { // initializing rainfall data for 2000 - 2004 const float rain[YEARS][MONTHS] = { {4.3,4.3,4.3,3.0,2.0,1.2,0.2,0.2,0.4,2.4,3.5,6.6}, {8.5,8.2,1.2,1.6,2.4,0.0,5.2,0.9,0.3,0.9,1.4,7.3}, {9.1,8.5,6.7,4.3,2.1,0.8,0.2,0.2,1.1,2.3,6.1,8.4}, {7.2,9.9,8.4,3.3,1.2,0.8,0.4,0.0,0.6,1.7,4.3,6.2}, {7.6,5.6,3.8,2.8,3.8,0.2,0.0,0.0,0.0,1.3,2.6,5.2} }; every_total(rain,YEARS); average_month(rain,YEARS); printf("\n"); return 0; } void every_total(const float source[][MONTHS],int years) { printf("YEAR RAINFULL(inches)\n"); float subtotal,total; subtotal = 0; total = 0; for(int i = 0; i < years ; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < MONTHS; j++) { subtotal += source[i][j]; } printf("200%d %2.1f\n",i,subtotal); total += subtotal; subtotal = 0 ; //reset subtotal to 0 } printf("The yearly average is %2.1f inches\n",total/YEARS); } void average_month(const float source[][MONTHS],int years) { float sub = 0; printf("MONTHLY AVERAGES:\n\n"); printf(" Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct "); printf(" Nov Dec\n"); for(int i = 0; i < MONTHS ; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < years; j++) { sub += source[j][i]; } printf(" %2.1f ",sub); sub = 0; //reset sub= 0 } }12.编写…个程序,提示用户输入3个数集,每个数集包括5个double值。程序应当实现下列所有功能:
a.把输入信息存储到一个3x5的数组中
b.计算出每个数集(包含5个数值)的平均值
c.计算所有数值的平均数
d.找出这15个数中的最大值.
e.打印出结果
每个任务需要用一个单独的函数来实现(使用传统C处理数组的方法)。对于任务b,需要编写计算并返回一维数组平均值的函数,循环3次调用该函数来实现任务b。对于其他任务,函数应当把整个数组做为参数,并且完成任务c和d的函数应该向它的调用函数返回答案。
#include<stdio.h> #define ROWS 3 #define COLS 5 void input_arrays(double source[][COLS],int rows); //input arrays void average_array(double source[][COLS],double averages[],int rows); //compute the average of every arrays void average_total(double *source,int rows); //compute average of all arrays void output_arrays(double source[][COLS],int rows); //output arrays double max(double source[][COLS],int rows);// find the max one int main(void) { double source[ROWS][COLS]; double averages[ROWS]; input_arrays(source,ROWS); //input array printf("the array you input is:\n"); output_arrays(source,ROWS); //output array average_array(source,averages,ROWS); //compute the average value of each array printf("\n the average value of every array is :\n"); for(int i = 0;i < ROWS ;i++ ) { printf("%.2f ",averages[i]); } printf("\n the max one is %.2f\n",max(source,ROWS)); return 0; } void input_arrays(double source[][COLS],int rows) //input arrays { printf("please input 3 arrays, 5 counts for each array:\n "); for(int i = 0 ; i < rows ; i++) for(int j = 0; j < COLS ; j++) scanf("%lf",&source[i][j]); } //compute the average of every arrays void average_array(double source[][COLS],double averages[],int rows) { double subtotal = 0; for(int i = 0 ; i < rows; i++) { for(int j = 0 ; j < COLS; j++) { subtotal += source[i][j]; } averages[i] = subtotal/COLS; subtotal = 0; //reset subtotal = 0 } } //output arrays void output_arrays(double source[][COLS],int rows) { for(int i = 0 ; i < rows ; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < COLS ; j++) printf("%.2lf ",source[i][j]); printf("\n"); } } double max(double source[][COLS],int rows) { double max = source[0][0]; for(int i = 0 ; i < rows ; i++) { for(int j = 0; j < COLS ; j++) if(source[i][j] > max) max = source[i][j]; } return max; }