RMAN - 备份异机恢复
OS:
Oracle Linux Server release 5.7
DB:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
① RMAN异机恢复的时候，db_name必须相同。如果想要改别的实例命，可以在RMAN恢复成功后，用 nid 命令修改。
② 恢复路径与源库不相同，在restore时用set指定新位置，并用switch logfile all 将信息更新到controlfile文件中
准备工作：
1、查看源库的DBID
SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;
NAME DBID
--------------------------- ----------
YOON 675362528
SQL>
2、将源库的初始化参数文件拷贝到目标服务器上
3、将控制文件，数据文件，归档文件拷贝到目标服务器上
步骤：
1、准备工作准备好后，创建密码文件
[oracle@yoon dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwyoon password=oracle
2、检查拷贝过去的目录和文件的所属组和权限
3、连接到RMAN
[oracle@yoon dbs]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Sep 17 14:33:27 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN>
4、恢复初始化参数文件
RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/inityoon.ora' from '/u01/backup/c-675362528-20130915-02';
Starting restore at 17-SEP-13
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/backup/c-675362528-20130915-02
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 17-SEP-13
RMAN>
5、用pfile将目标库启动到nomount状态
RMAN> startup nomount pfile='/u01/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/inityoon.ora';
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2228904 bytes
Variable Size 956304728 bytes
Database Buffers 687865856 bytes
Redo Buffers 7118848 bytes
RMAN>
6、恢复控制文件
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/backup/c-675362528-20130915-02';
Starting restore at 17-SEP-13
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/yoon/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 17-SEP-13
RMAN>
7、将数据库启动到mount状态
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
RMAN>
8、restore数据库
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 17-SEP-13
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 17-SEP-13
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 1 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 17-SEP-13
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 17-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 17-SEP-13
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/YOON/backupset/2013_09_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130915T124630_93bgx6qx_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/YOON/backupset/2013_09_15/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130915T124630_93bgx6qx_.bkp tag=TAG20130915T124630
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
Finished restore at 17-SEP-13
RMAN>
9、recover 数据库
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 17-SEP-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file /u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/YOON/archivelog/2013_09_15/o1_mf_1_1_93bj33dx_.arc
archived log file name=/u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/YOON/archivelog/2013_09_15/o1_mf_1_1_93bj33dx_.arc thread=1 sequence=1
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 09/17/2013 14:45:37
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 and starting SCN of 1298407
RMAN>
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 and starting SCN of 1298407
提醒恢复到一个未知的SCN号，在alter database mount 之后，通过set until scn 或 set until time命令设置恢复到scn号或时间。
10、用open resetlogs 打开数据库
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
RMAN>
* 11g r2，在open resetlogs后，自动创建默认路径的temp表空间和redo文件
11、查看目标的BDID
SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;
NAME DBID
--------------------------- ----------
YOON 675362528
SQL>
12、用NID命令修改DBID，执行前主要关闭all session
① 修改dbid可能会遇到错误，建议备份数据库，特别是控制文件，因为nid会修改控制文件的信息
② 需要将数据库启动到mount
RMAN> shutdown immediate
database closed
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN>
RMAN> startup mount
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
database mounted
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2228904 bytes
Variable Size 956304728 bytes
Database Buffers 687865856 bytes
Redo Buffers 7118848 bytes
RMAN>
[oracle@yoon ~]$ nid target=sys/oracle
DBNEWID: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Sep 17 14:57:03 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to database YOON (DBID=675362528)
Connected to server version 11.2.0
Control Files in database:
/u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/control01.ctl
/u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/yoon/control02.ctl
Change database ID of database YOON? (Y/[N]) => y
Proceeding with operation
Changing database ID from 675362528 to 678297407
Control File /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/control01.ctl - modified
Control File /u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/yoon/control02.ctl - modified
Datafile /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/system01.db - dbid changed
Datafile /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/sysaux01.db - dbid changed
Datafile /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/undotbs01.db - dbid changed
Datafile /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/users01.db - dbid changed
Datafile /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/temp01.db - dbid changed
Control File /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/control01.ctl - dbid changed
Control File /u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/yoon/control02.ctl - dbid changed
Instance shut down
Database ID for database YOON changed to 678297407.
All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable.
Database is not aware of previous backups and archived logs in Recovery Area.
Database has been shutdown, open database with RESETLOGS option.
Succesfully changed database ID.
DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.
[oracle@yoon dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Tue Sep 17 14:58:01 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2228904 bytes
Variable Size 956304728 bytes
Database Buffers 687865856 bytes
Redo Buffers 7118848 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open
SQL>
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SQL>
SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;
NAME DBID
--------------------------- ----------
YOON 678297407
SQL>
13、修改DB_NAME
[oracle@yoon ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Sep 17 15:01:06 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: YOON (DBID=678297407)
RMAN> shutdown immediate
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
database closed
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN> startup mount
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
database mounted
Total System Global Area 1653518336 bytes
Fixed Size 2228904 bytes
Variable Size 956304728 bytes
Database Buffers 687865856 bytes
Redo Buffers 7118848 bytes
RMAN>
[oracle@yoon ~]$ nid target=sys/oracle dbname=leonardo
DBNEWID: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Tue Sep 17 15:01:55 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to database YOON (DBID=678297407)
Connected to server version 11.2.0
Control Files in database:
/u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/control01.ctl
/u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/yoon/control02.ctl
Change database ID and database name YOON to LEONARDO? (Y/[N]) => y
Proceeding with operation
Changing database ID from 678297407 to 4108249507
Changing database name from YOON to LEONARDO
Control File /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/control01.ctl - modified
Control File /u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/yoon/control02.ctl - modified
Datafile /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/system01.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/sysaux01.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/undotbs01.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/users01.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
Datafile /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/temp01.db - dbid changed, wrote new name
Control File /u01/oracle/oradata/yoon/control01.ctl - dbid changed, wrote new name
Control File /u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area/yoon/control02.ctl - dbid changed, wrote new name
Instance shut down
Database name changed to LEONARDO.
Modify parameter file and generate a new password file before restarting.
Database ID for database LEONARDO changed to 4108249507.
All previous backups and archived redo logs for this database are unusable.
Database is not aware of previous backups and archived logs in Recovery Area.
Database has been shutdown, open database with RESETLOGS option.
Succesfully changed database name and ID.
DBNEWID - Completed succesfully.
[oracle@yoon ~]$
SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;
NAME DBID
--------------------------- ----------
LEONARDO 4108249507
SQL>