Spring事务配置的五种方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

    总结如下：

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

    具体如下图：

    根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

    第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

     < bean  id ="sessionFactory"   
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >   
         < property  name ="configLocation"  value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />   
         < property  name ="configurationClass"  value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
     </ bean >   

     <!--  定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）  -->   
     < bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
     </ bean >
    
     <!--  配置DAO  -->
     < bean  id ="userDaoTarget"  class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
     </ bean >
    
     < bean  id ="userDao"   
        class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >   
            <!--  配置事务管理器  -->   
            < property  name ="transactionManager"  ref ="transactionManager"   />      
         < property  name ="target"  ref ="userDaoTarget"   />   
          < property  name ="proxyInterfaces"  value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"   />
         <!--  配置事务属性  -->   
         < property  name ="transactionAttributes" >   
             < props >   
                 < prop  key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >
             </ props >   
         </ property >   
     </ bean >   
</ beans >

    第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

     < bean  id ="sessionFactory"   
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >   
         < property  name ="configLocation"  value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />   
         < property  name ="configurationClass"  value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
     </ bean >   

     <!--  定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）  -->   
     < bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
     </ bean >
    
     < bean  id ="transactionBase"   
            class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"   
            lazy-init ="true"  abstract ="true" >   
         <!--  配置事务管理器  -->   
         < property  name ="transactionManager"  ref ="transactionManager"   />   
         <!--  配置事务属性  -->   
         < property  name ="transactionAttributes" >   
             < props >   
                 < prop  key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >   
             </ props >   
         </ property >   
     </ bean >     
   
     <!--  配置DAO  -->
     < bean  id ="userDaoTarget"  class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
     </ bean >
    
     < bean  id ="userDao"  parent ="transactionBase"   >   
         < property  name ="target"  ref ="userDaoTarget"   />    
     </ bean >
</ beans >

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" >

     < bean  id ="sessionFactory"   
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >   
         < property  name ="configLocation"  value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />   
         < property  name ="configurationClass"  value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
     </ bean >   

     <!--  定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）  -->   
     < bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
     </ bean >  
   
     < bean  id ="transactionInterceptor"   
        class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >   
         < property  name ="transactionManager"  ref ="transactionManager"   />   
         <!--  配置事务属性  -->   
         < property  name ="transactionAttributes" >   
             < props >   
                 < prop  key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >   
             </ props >   
         </ property >   
     </ bean >
      
     < bean  class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >   
         < property  name ="beanNames" >   
             < list >   
                 < value > *Dao </ value >
             </ list >   
         </ property >   
         < property  name ="interceptorNames" >   
             < list >   
                 < value > transactionInterceptor </ value >   
             </ list >   
         </ property >   
     </ bean >   
  
     <!--  配置DAO  -->
     < bean  id ="userDao"  class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" >
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
     </ bean >
</ beans >

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >

     < context:annotation-config  />
     < context:component-scan  base-package ="com.bluesky"   />

     < bean  id ="sessionFactory"   
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >   
         < property  name ="configLocation"  value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />   
         < property  name ="configurationClass"  value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
     </ bean >   

     <!--  定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）  -->   
     < bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
     </ bean >

     < tx:advice  id ="txAdvice"  transaction-manager ="transactionManager" >
         < tx:attributes >
             < tx:method  name ="*"  propagation ="REQUIRED"   />
         </ tx:attributes >
     </ tx:advice >
    
     < aop:config >
         < aop:pointcut  id ="interceptorPointCuts"
            expression ="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"   />
         < aop:advisor  advice-ref ="txAdvice"
            pointcut-ref ="interceptorPointCuts"   />         
     </ aop:config >       
</ beans >

第五种方式：全注解

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" >

     < context:annotation-config  />
     < context:component-scan  base-package ="com.bluesky"   />

     < tx:annotation-driven  transaction-manager ="transactionManager" />

     < bean  id ="sessionFactory"   
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >   
         < property  name ="configLocation"  value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />   
         < property  name ="configurationClass"  value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   />
     </ bean >   

     <!--  定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）  -->   
     < bean  id ="transactionManager"
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" >
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"  ref ="sessionFactory"   />
     </ bean >
    
</ beans >

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package  com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import  java.util.List;

import  org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import  org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import  org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import  org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import  com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component( " userDao " )
public   class  UserDaoImpl  extends  HibernateDaoSupport  implements  UserDao {

     public  List < User >  listUsers() {
         return   this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list();
    }
    
    
}

表1事务传播行为类型

事务传播行为类型	说明
PROPAGATION_REQUIRED	如果当前没有事务，就新建一个事务，如果已经存在一个事务中，加入到这个事务中。这是最常见的选择。
PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS	支持当前事务，如果当前没有事务，就以非事务方式执行。
PROPAGATION_MANDATORY	使用当前的事务，如果当前没有事务，就抛出异常。
PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW	新建事务，如果当前存在事务，把当前事务挂起。
PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED	以非事务方式执行操作，如果当前存在事务，就把当前事务挂起。
PROPAGATION_NEVER	以非事务方式执行，如果当前存在事务，则抛出异常。
PROPAGATION_NESTED	如果当前存在事务，则在嵌套事务内执行。如果当前没有事务，则执行与PROPAGATION_REQUIRED类似的操作。