hibernate入门使用系列 4-- xml关系映射篇（下）
接上篇 hibernate入门使用系列 3-- xml关系映射篇（中）
开我写的前3篇中，分别讲了one-to-one, one--to-many, many-to-one 。
这篇，主要讲的是 n：n 的关系。即：many-to-many。
我们以老师和学生为例，一个老师可以交很多学生，同样一个学生可以拥有多个老师，所以，他们之间的关系就是n：n的。
实体模型：
从实体模型来看。有2个对象，但是为了在数据库中表示出2者的n:n的关系，我们还得引入一张表。所以，sql脚本如下：
use HibernateQuickUse; drop table if exists teacher_student_relation; drop table if exists Teacher; drop table if exists Student; create table Teacher ( tid varchar(32) primary key, name varchar(32) not null ); create table Student ( sid varchar(32) primary key, name varchar(128) not null ); create table teacher_student_relation ( id integer auto_increment primary key, teacher_id varchar(32) not null, student_id varchar(32) not null, foreign key(teacher_id) references Teacher(tid), foreign key(student_id) references Student(sid) );
通过模型，创建java类如下：
Student.java
package org.py.hib.relation.many2many;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* Student entity.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class Student implements java.io.Serializable
{
private String id;
private String name;
private Set<Teacher> teachers = new HashSet<Teacher>(0);
public Student()
{
}
public String getId()
{
return this.id;
}
public void setId(String id)
{
this.id = id;
}
public String getName()
{
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public Set<Teacher> getTeachers()
{
return teachers;
}
public void setTeachers(Set<Teacher> teachers)
{
this.teachers = teachers;
}
}
Teacher.java:
package org.py.hib.relation.many2many;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* Teacher entity.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class Teacher implements java.io.Serializable
{
private String id;
private String name;
private Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>(0);
public Teacher()
{
}
public String getId()
{
return this.id;
}
public void setId(String id)
{
this.id = id;
}
public String getName()
{
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public Set<Student> getStudents()
{
return students;
}
public void setStudents(Set<Student> students)
{
this.students = students;
}
}
xml映射文件如下
Student.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="org.py.hib.relation.many2many.Student" table="student"> <id name="id" type="java.lang.String" column="sid" length="32"> <generator class="uuid" /> </id> <property name="name" type="java.lang.String" column="name" length="128" not-null="true" /> <set name="teachers" table="teacher_student_relation" cascade="save-update" inverse="false"> <key column="student_id" not-null="true" /> <many-to-many column="teacher_id" class="org.py.hib.relation.many2many.Teacher" /> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
注意：
set中的 table 指向的是数据库中的关联表。
cascade 用的是save-update , 且inverse用的是false，这样的话，当进行修改和保存和删除时，关联表中的记录也会删掉.
如果cascade 用的是 all 那么连同student表中的记录也会被删除掉。
key中的column指的是： 关联表中与Student发生关系的字段。
而many-to-many中的column指的是：关联表中，与class(这里是：org.py.hib.relation.many2many.Teacher)发生关系的字段。
关于inverse，请参考上篇：hibernate入门使用系列 3-- xml关系映射篇（中）
Teacher.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="org.py.hib.relation.many2many.Teacher" table="teacher"> <id name="id" type="java.lang.String" column="tid" length="32"> <generator class="uuid" /> </id> <property name="name" type="java.lang.String" column="name" length="32" not-null="true" /> <set name="students" table="teacher_student_relation" cascade="save-update" inverse="false"> <key column="teacher_id" not-null="true" /> <many-to-many class="org.py.hib.relation.many2many.Student" column="student_id" /> </set> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
注意：
这里的inverse也采用了false，这样子的话，Teacher和Student都维护关系表中的关系。
测试类，Many2ManyTest.java
package org.py.hib.relation.many2many;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import junit.framework.Assert;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
public class Many2ManyTest extends TestCase
{
private SessionFactory factory;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception
{
Configuration conf = new Configuration().configure();
factory = conf.buildSessionFactory();
}
/**
* 测试添加
* @throws Exception
*/
public void testSave() throws Exception
{
System.out.println("\n=== test save ===");
Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher();
teacher1.setName("teacher_1");
Teacher teacher2 = new Teacher();
teacher2.setName("teacher_2");
Student stu1 = new Student();
stu1.setName("student_1");
Student stu2 = new Student();
stu2.setName("student_2");
stu1.getTeachers().add(teacher1);
stu1.getTeachers().add(teacher2);
stu2.getTeachers().add(teacher2);
teacher1.getStudents().add(stu2);
Session session = null;
Transaction tran = null;
try
{
session = factory.openSession();
tran = session.beginTransaction();
session.save(stu1);
session.save(stu2);
tran.commit();
Assert.assertNotNull(teacher1.getId());
Assert.assertNotNull(teacher2.getId());
Assert.assertNotNull(stu1.getId());
Assert.assertNotNull(stu2.getId());
} catch (Exception ex)
{
tran.rollback();
throw ex;
} finally
{
if (session != null)
{
try
{
session.close();
} catch (Exception ex)
{
// nothing to do
} finally
{
if (session != null)
session = null;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 测试从Teacher查询
* @throws Exception
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void testFindFromTeacher() throws Exception
{
System.out.println("\n=== test find from Teacher ===");
Session session = null;
try
{
session = factory.openSession();
Iterator<Teacher> iter = session.createQuery("from Teacher").iterate();
while (iter.hasNext())
{
Teacher teacher = iter.next();
Assert.assertNotNull(teacher.getId());
String teacherName = teacher.getName();
if ("teacher_1".equals(teacherName))
{
Set<Student> stus = teacher.getStudents();
Assert.assertEquals(stus.size(), 2);
for (Student stu : stus)
{
String stuName = stu.getName();
Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId());
Assert.assertTrue(stuName.equals("student_1") || stuName.equals("student_2"));
}
} else if ("teacher_2".equals(teacherName))
{
Set<Student> stus = teacher.getStudents();
Assert.assertEquals(stus.size(), 2);
for (Student stu : stus)
{
String stuName = stu.getName();
Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId());
Assert.assertTrue(stuName.equals("student_1") || stuName.equals("student_2"));
}
} else
{
throw new Exception("teacher name error exception.");
}
}
} catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
} finally
{
if (session != null)
{
try
{
session.close();
} catch (Exception ex)
{
// nothing to do
} finally
{
if (session != null)
session = null;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 测试从Student查询
* @throws Exception
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void testFindFromStudent() throws Exception
{
System.out.println("\n=== test find from Student ===");
Session session = null;
try
{
session = factory.openSession();
Iterator<Student> iter = session.createQuery("from Student").iterate();
while (iter.hasNext())
{
Student stu = iter.next();
Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId());
String stuName = stu.getName();
if ("student_1".equals(stuName))
{
Set<Teacher> teachers = stu.getTeachers();
Assert.assertEquals(teachers.size(), 2);
for (Teacher teacher : teachers)
{
String tName = teacher.getName();
Assert.assertNotNull(teacher.getId());
Assert.assertTrue(tName.equals("teacher_1") || tName.equals("teacher_2"));
}
} else if ("student_2".equals(stuName))
{
Set<Teacher> teachers = stu.getTeachers();
Assert.assertEquals(teachers.size(), 2);
for (Teacher teacher : teachers)
{
String tName = teacher.getName();
Assert.assertNotNull(teacher.getId());
Assert.assertTrue(tName.equals("teacher_1") || tName.equals("teacher_2"));
}
} else
{
throw new Exception("student name error exception.");
}
}
} catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
} finally
{
if (session != null)
{
try
{
session.close();
} catch (Exception ex)
{
// nothing to do
} finally
{
if (session != null)
session = null;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 测试修改
* @throws Exception
*/
public void testModify() throws Exception
{
System.out.println("\n=== test modify ===");
Session session = null;
Transaction tran = null;
try
{
session = factory.openSession();
tran = session.beginTransaction();
Teacher t1 = (Teacher) session.createQuery("from Teacher t where t.name='teacher_1'").list().get(0);
t1.setName("new_teacher_1"); // 修改用户名 = m_name2.（原来用户名= m_name）
Set<Student> stus = t1.getStudents();
for (Student stu : stus)
{
if (stu.getName().equals("student_1"))
{
stus.remove(stu);
break;
}
}
tran.commit();
} catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
} finally
{
if (session != null)
{
try
{
session.close();
} catch (Exception ex)
{
// nothing to do
} finally
{
if (session != null)
session = null;
}
}
}
/*
* 修改后再查询
*/
System.out.println("\n=== test find from Teacher after modify===");
try
{
session = factory.openSession();
Iterator<Teacher> iter = session.createQuery("from Teacher").iterate();
while (iter.hasNext())
{
Teacher teacher = iter.next();
Assert.assertNotNull(teacher.getId());
String teacherName = teacher.getName();
if ("new_teacher_1".equals(teacherName))
{
Set<Student> stus = teacher.getStudents();
Assert.assertEquals(stus.size(), 1);
for (Student stu : stus)
{
String stuName = stu.getName();
Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId());
Assert.assertTrue(stuName.equals("student_2"));
}
} else if ("teacher_2".equals(teacherName))
{
Set<Student> stus = teacher.getStudents();
Assert.assertEquals(stus.size(), 2);
for (Student stu : stus)
{
String stuName = stu.getName();
Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId());
Assert.assertTrue(stuName.equals("student_1") || stuName.equals("student_2"));
}
} else
{
throw new Exception("teacher name error exception.");
}
}
} catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
} finally
{
if (session != null)
{
try
{
session.close();
} catch (Exception ex)
{
// nothing to do
} finally
{
if (session != null)
session = null;
}
}
}
}
/**
* 测试删除
* @throws Exception
*/
public void testDelete() throws Exception
{
System.out.println("\n=== test delete ===");
Session session = null;
Transaction tran = null;
try
{
session = factory.openSession();
tran = session.beginTransaction();
Iterator<Teacher> iter = session.createQuery("from Teacher").iterate();
while (iter.hasNext())
session.delete(iter.next());
tran.commit();
Integer count = (Integer) session.createQuery("select count(*) from Teacher").list().get(0);
Assert.assertEquals(0, count.intValue());
} catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
} finally
{
if (session != null)
{
try
{
session.close();
} catch (Exception ex)
{
// nothing to do
} finally
{
if (session != null)
session = null;
}
}
}
/*
* 删除后再查询
*/
System.out.println("\n=== test find after delete ===");
try
{
session = factory.openSession();
Integer num = (Integer) session.createQuery("from Teacher").list().size();
Assert.assertEquals(0, num.intValue());
num = (Integer) session.createQuery("from Student").list().size();
Assert.assertEquals(0, num.intValue());
} catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
} finally
{
if (session != null)
{
try
{
session.close();
} catch (Exception ex)
{
// nothing to do
} finally
{
if (session != null)
session = null;
}
}
}
}
/**
*
*/
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception
{
factory.close();
}
}
从这个例子中可以看出，many-to-many中，需要引入第3张表来表示关系。
附件中有源代码。