从头开始打造Ubuntu服务器(杂) － Apache HTTP Server

Before You Begin

Apache is one of the most popular Web servers on the Web right now, and part of its charm is that it's free. It also has a lot of features that make it very extensible and useful for many different types of Web sites. It is a server that is used for personal Web pages up to enterprise level sites.

This article will discuss how to install Apache on a Linux system. Before we start you should be at least comfortable working in Linux - changing directories, using tar and gunzip, and compiling with make (I'll discuss where to get binaries if you don't want to mess with compiling your own). You should also have access to the root account on the server machine.

Download Apache

I recommend downloading the latest stable release. At the time of this writing, that was Apache 2.0. The best place to get Apache is from the Apache HTTP Server download site . Download the sources appropriate to your system. Binary releases are available as well.

Extract the Files

Once you've downloaded the files you need to uncompress them and untarring:

 

  tar xzvf httpd-2_0_NN.tar.gz

This creates a new directory under the current directory with the source files.

Configuring

Once you've got the files, you need to tell your machine where to find everything by configuring the source files. The easiest way is to accept all the defaults and just type:

  ./configure

 

Of course, most people don't want to accept just the default choices. The most important option is the prefix= option. This specifies the directory where the Apache files will be installed. You can also set specific environment variables and modules. Some of the modules I like to have installed are:

• mod_alias - to map different parts of the URL tree
• mod_include - to parse Server Side Includes
• mod_mime - to associate file extensions with its MIME-type
• mod_rewrite - to rewrite URLs on the fly
• mod_speling (sic) - to help your readers who might misspell URLs
• mod_ssl - to allow for strong cryptography using SSL
• mod_userdir - to allow system users to have their own Web page directories

Please keep in mind that these aren't all the modules I might install on a given system. Read the details about the modules to determine which ones you need.

Build

As with any source installation, you'll then need to build the installation:

  make
  make install

Customize

Assuming that there were no problems, you are ready to customize your Apache configuration. This really just amounts to editing the httpd.conf file. This file is located in the PREFIX/conf directory. I generally edit it with vi :

vi PREFIX/conf/httpd.conf

 

Note: you'll need to be root to edit this file.

Follow the instructions in this file to edit your configuration the way you want it. More help is available on the Apache Web site .

Test Your Server

Open a Web browser on the same machine and type http://localhost/ in the address box. You should see a page similar to the one in the partial screen shot above. Specifically, it will say in big letters "Seeing this instead of the website you expected?" This is good news, as it means your server installed correctly.

Start Editing/Uploading Pages

Once your server is up and running you can start posting pages. Have fun building your Web site.