Qt中QLineEdit使用总结

不废话,下面是Qt官方文档中的一段文字——

QLineEdit是一个单行文本编辑控件。

使用者可以通过很多函数,输入和编辑单行文本,比如撤销、恢复、剪切、粘贴以及拖放等。

通过改变QLineEdit的echoMode(),可以设置其属性,比如以密码的形式输入。

文本的长度可以由maxLength()限制,可以通过使用validator()或者inputMask()可以限制它只能输入数字。在对同一个QLineEdit的validator或者input mask进行转换时,最好先将它的validator或者input mask清除,以避免错误发生。

与QLineEdit相关的一个类是QTextEdit,它允许多行文字以及富文本编辑。

我们可以使用setText()或者insert()改变其中的文本,通过text()获得文本,通过displayText()获得显示的文本,使用setSelection()或者selectAll()选中文本,选中的文本可以通过cut()、copy()、paste()进行剪切、复制和粘贴,使用setAlignment()设置文本的位置。

文本改变时会发出textChanged()信号;如果不是由setText()造成文本的改变,那么会发出textEdit()信号;鼠标光标改变时会发出cursorPostionChanged()信号;当返回键或者回车键按下时,会发出returnPressed()信号。

当编辑结束,或者LineEdit失去了焦点,或者当返回/回车键按下时,editFinished()信号将会发出。

下面分点说明:

1.setPlaceholderText()设置提示文字

比如上面豆瓣电影的搜索输入框,没有文字时显示“电影、影人、影院、电视剧”,有文字输入后不会再看到这几个字。

echoLineEdit->setPlaceholderText("电影、影人、影院、电视剧");

 2.setEchoMode()设置模式

Qt中QLineEdit使用总结_第1张图片

上图是淘宝登录界面的一部分,用户名可以直接看到,但密码一般都用小黑点掩盖了。

switch (index) {
    case 0:
        //默认,输入什么即显示什么
        echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::Normal);
        break;
    case 1:
        //密码,一般是用小黑点覆盖你所输入的字符
        echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::Password);
        break;
    case 2:
        //编辑时输入字符显示输入内容,否则用小黑点代替
        echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::PasswordEchoOnEdit);
        break;
    case 3:
        //任何输入都看不见(只是看不见,不是不能输入)
        echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::NoEcho);
    }

3.setAlignment()设置文本位置

switch (index) {
    case 0:
        alignmentLineEdit->setAlignment(Qt::AlignLeft);
        break;
    case 1:
        alignmentLineEdit->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
        break;
    case 2:
        alignmentLineEdit->setAlignment(Qt::AlignRight);
    }

4.setReadOnly()设置能否编辑

switch (index) {
    case 0:
        accessLineEdit->setReadOnly(false);
        break;
    case 1:
        accessLineEdit->setReadOnly(true);
    }

 5.setValidator()对输入进行限制

这种方式的实质是通过正则表达式限制输入的内容。

比如上面的手机号输入框,控制其不能输入英文汉字等无关字符。

switch (index) {
    case 0:
        //无限制
        validatorLineEdit->setValidator(0);
        break;
    case 1:
        //只能输入整数
        validatorLineEdit->setValidator(new QIntValidator(
            validatorLineEdit));
        break;
    case 2:
        //实例,只能输入-180到180之间的小数,小数点后最多两位(可用于限制经纬度等)
        QDoubleValidator *pDfValidator = new QDoubleValidator(-180.0, 180.0 , 2, validatorLineEdit);
        pDfValidator->setNotation(QDoubleValidator::StandardNotation);
        validatorLineEdit->setValidator(pDfValidator);
    }

6.setInputMask()对输入进行限制

通过限制格式限制输入,具体怎么格式化可以参考Qt助手。

switch (index) {
    case 0:
        inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask("");
        break;
    case 1:
        inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask("+99 99 99 99 99;_");
        break;
    case 2:
        inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask("0000-00-00");
        inputMaskLineEdit->setText("00000000");
        inputMaskLineEdit->setCursorPosition(0);
        break;
    case 3:
        inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask(">AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA;#");
    }

7.setMaxLength()设置可以输入的最多字符数目

//最多只能输入9个字符
echoLineEdit->setMaxLength(9);

8.validator和inputmask的结合

比如纬度用“度:分:秒”的格式表示,分和秒的范围都是00-59,度的范围是-89到89。

QRegExp rx("(-|\\+)?[0-8]\\d:[0-5]\\d:[0-5]\\d");
echoLineEdit->setValidator(new QRegExpValidator(rx, echoLineEdit));
echoLineEdit->setInputMask("#00:00:00;0");
echoLineEdit->setText("+00:00:00");

如果不控制输入,那么必须在输入后检查输入是否合法,但控制输入后的输入肯定是合法的,可以省去检查合法的繁琐步骤。只需使用正则表达式控制输入的度分秒范围,然后控制输入的格式。

 

下面是一些测试代码——

头文件:

#ifndef WINDOW_H
#define WINDOW_H

#include <QWidget>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
class QComboBox;
class QLineEdit;
QT_END_NAMESPACE

//! [0]
class Window : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    Window();

public slots:
    void echoChanged(int);
    void validatorChanged(int);
    void alignmentChanged(int);
    void inputMaskChanged(int);
    void accessChanged(int);

private:
    QLineEdit *echoLineEdit;
    QLineEdit *validatorLineEdit;
    QLineEdit *alignmentLineEdit;
    QLineEdit *inputMaskLineEdit;
    QLineEdit *accessLineEdit;
};
//! [0]

#endif

 

实现:

#include <QtWidgets>

#include "window.h"

//! [0]
Window::Window()
{
    QGroupBox *echoGroup = new QGroupBox(tr("Echo"));

    QLabel *echoLabel = new QLabel(tr("Mode:"));
    QComboBox *echoComboBox = new QComboBox;
    echoComboBox->addItem(tr("Normal"));
    echoComboBox->addItem(tr("Password"));
    echoComboBox->addItem(tr("PasswordEchoOnEdit"));
    echoComboBox->addItem(tr("No Echo"));

    echoLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
    //test
    /*QRegExp rx("(-|\\+)?[0-8]\\d:[0-5]\\d:[0-5]\\d");
    echoLineEdit->setValidator(new QRegExpValidator(rx, echoLineEdit));
    echoLineEdit->setInputMask("#00:00:00;0");
    echoLineEdit->setText("+00:00:00");*/

    //echoLineEdit->setMaxLength(9);
    echoLineEdit->setPlaceholderText("电影、影人、影院、电视剧");
    echoLineEdit->setFocus();
//! [0]

//! [1]
    QGroupBox *validatorGroup = new QGroupBox(tr("Validator"));

    QLabel *validatorLabel = new QLabel(tr("Type:"));
    QComboBox *validatorComboBox = new QComboBox;
    validatorComboBox->addItem(tr("No validator"));
    validatorComboBox->addItem(tr("Integer validator"));
    validatorComboBox->addItem(tr("Double validator"));

    validatorLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
    validatorLineEdit->setPlaceholderText("Placeholder Text");
//! [1]

//! [2]
    QGroupBox *alignmentGroup = new QGroupBox(tr("Alignment"));

    QLabel *alignmentLabel = new QLabel(tr("Type:"));
    QComboBox *alignmentComboBox = new QComboBox;
    alignmentComboBox->addItem(tr("Left"));
    alignmentComboBox->addItem(tr("Centered"));
    alignmentComboBox->addItem(tr("Right"));

    alignmentLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
    alignmentLineEdit->setPlaceholderText("Placeholder Text");
//! [2]

//! [3]
    QGroupBox *inputMaskGroup = new QGroupBox(tr("Input mask"));

    QLabel *inputMaskLabel = new QLabel(tr("Type:"));
    QComboBox *inputMaskComboBox = new QComboBox;
    inputMaskComboBox->addItem(tr("No mask"));
    inputMaskComboBox->addItem(tr("Phone number"));
    inputMaskComboBox->addItem(tr("ISO date"));
    inputMaskComboBox->addItem(tr("License key"));

    inputMaskLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
    inputMaskLineEdit->setPlaceholderText("Placeholder Text");
//! [3]

//! [4]
    QGroupBox *accessGroup = new QGroupBox(tr("Access"));

    QLabel *accessLabel = new QLabel(tr("Read-only:"));
    QComboBox *accessComboBox = new QComboBox;
    accessComboBox->addItem(tr("False"));
    accessComboBox->addItem(tr("True"));

    accessLineEdit = new QLineEdit;
    accessLineEdit->setPlaceholderText("Placeholder Text");
//! [4]

//! [5]
    connect(echoComboBox, SIGNAL(activated(int)),
            this, SLOT(echoChanged(int)));
    connect(validatorComboBox, SIGNAL(activated(int)),
            this, SLOT(validatorChanged(int)));
    connect(alignmentComboBox, SIGNAL(activated(int)),
            this, SLOT(alignmentChanged(int)));
    connect(inputMaskComboBox, SIGNAL(activated(int)),
            this, SLOT(inputMaskChanged(int)));
    connect(accessComboBox, SIGNAL(activated(int)),
            this, SLOT(accessChanged(int)));
//! [5]

//! [6]
    QGridLayout *echoLayout = new QGridLayout;
    echoLayout->addWidget(echoLabel, 0, 0);
    echoLayout->addWidget(echoComboBox, 0, 1);
    echoLayout->addWidget(echoLineEdit, 1, 0, 1, 2);
    echoGroup->setLayout(echoLayout);
//! [6]

//! [7]
    QGridLayout *validatorLayout = new QGridLayout;
    validatorLayout->addWidget(validatorLabel, 0, 0);
    validatorLayout->addWidget(validatorComboBox, 0, 1);
    validatorLayout->addWidget(validatorLineEdit, 1, 0, 1, 2);
    validatorGroup->setLayout(validatorLayout);

    QGridLayout *alignmentLayout = new QGridLayout;
    alignmentLayout->addWidget(alignmentLabel, 0, 0);
    alignmentLayout->addWidget(alignmentComboBox, 0, 1);
    alignmentLayout->addWidget(alignmentLineEdit, 1, 0, 1, 2);
    alignmentGroup-> setLayout(alignmentLayout);

    QGridLayout *inputMaskLayout = new QGridLayout;
    inputMaskLayout->addWidget(inputMaskLabel, 0, 0);
    inputMaskLayout->addWidget(inputMaskComboBox, 0, 1);
    inputMaskLayout->addWidget(inputMaskLineEdit, 1, 0, 1, 2);
    inputMaskGroup->setLayout(inputMaskLayout);

    QGridLayout *accessLayout = new QGridLayout;
    accessLayout->addWidget(accessLabel, 0, 0);
    accessLayout->addWidget(accessComboBox, 0, 1);
    accessLayout->addWidget(accessLineEdit, 1, 0, 1, 2);
    accessGroup->setLayout(accessLayout);
//! [7]

//! [8]
    QGridLayout *layout = new QGridLayout;
    layout->addWidget(echoGroup, 0, 0);
    layout->addWidget(validatorGroup, 1, 0);
    layout->addWidget(alignmentGroup, 2, 0);
    layout->addWidget(inputMaskGroup, 0, 1);
    layout->addWidget(accessGroup, 1, 1);
    setLayout(layout);

    setWindowTitle(tr("Line Edits"));
}
//! [8]

//! [9]
void Window::echoChanged(int index)
{
    switch (index) {
    case 0:
        //默认,输入什么即显示什么
        echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::Normal);
        break;
    case 1:
        //密码,一般是用小黑点覆盖你所输入的字符
        echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::Password);
        break;
    case 2:
        //编辑时输入字符显示输入内容,否则用小黑点代替
        echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::PasswordEchoOnEdit);
        break;
    case 3:
        //任何输入都看不见(只是看不见,不是不能输入)
        echoLineEdit->setEchoMode(QLineEdit::NoEcho);
    }
}
//! [9]

//! [10]
void Window::validatorChanged(int index)
{
    switch (index) {
    case 0:
        //无限制
        validatorLineEdit->setValidator(0);
        break;
    case 1:
        //只能输入整数
        validatorLineEdit->setValidator(new QIntValidator(
            validatorLineEdit));
        break;
    case 2:
        //实例,只能输入-180到180之间的小数,小数点后最多两位(可用于限制经纬度等)
        QDoubleValidator *pDfValidator = new QDoubleValidator(-180.0, 180.0 , 2, validatorLineEdit);
        pDfValidator->setNotation(QDoubleValidator::StandardNotation);
        validatorLineEdit->setValidator(pDfValidator);
    }

    validatorLineEdit->clear();
}
//! [10]

//! [11]
void Window::alignmentChanged(int index)
{
    switch (index) {
    case 0:
        alignmentLineEdit->setAlignment(Qt::AlignLeft);
        break;
    case 1:
        alignmentLineEdit->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
        break;
    case 2:
        alignmentLineEdit->setAlignment(Qt::AlignRight);
    }
}
//! [11]

//! [12]
void Window::inputMaskChanged(int index)
{
    switch (index) {
    case 0:
        inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask("");
        break;
    case 1:
        inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask("+99 99 99 99 99;_");
        break;
    case 2:
        inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask("0000-00-00");
        inputMaskLineEdit->setText("00000000");
        inputMaskLineEdit->setCursorPosition(0);
        break;
    case 3:
        inputMaskLineEdit->setInputMask(">AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA-AAAAA;#");
    }
}
//! [12]

//! [13]
void Window::accessChanged(int index)
{
    switch (index) {
    case 0:
        accessLineEdit->setReadOnly(false);
        break;
    case 1:
        accessLineEdit->setReadOnly(true);
    }
}
//! [13]

  

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