磁盘分区

分区表类型      LABEL-TYPE is one of: aix, amiga, bsd, dvh, gpt, mac, msdos, sun, loop
分区类型    PART-TYPE is one of: primary, logical, extended
文件系统类型    FS-TYPE is one of: ext3, ext2, fat32, fat16, hfsx, hfs+, hfs, jfs, linux-swap, ntfs

分区标志  FLAG is one of: boot, root, swap, hidden, raid, lvm, lba, hp-service, palo, prep, msftres, atvrecv

 



 

fdisk
gdisk
parted

g   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
a   toggle a bootable flag
c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
o   create a new empty DOS partition table
s   create a new empty Sun disklabel

[root@flt ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 60801.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): x

Expert command (m for help): m
Command action
   b   move beginning of data in a partition
   c   change number of cylinders
   d   print the raw data in the partition table
   e   list extended partitions
   f   fix partition order
   g   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   h   change number of heads
   m   print this menu
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   r   return to main menu
   s   change number of sectors/track
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit

Expert command (m for help): r

Command (m for help):




[root@test1 ~]# parted  /dev/sda
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) help
  check NUMBER                             do a simple check on the file system
  cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER   copy file system to another partition
  help [COMMAND]                           prints general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE                      make a FS-TYPE file system on partititon NUMBER
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END     make a partition with a file system
  move NUMBER START END                    move partition NUMBER
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [free|NUMBER|all]                  display the partition table, a partition, or all devices
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  resize NUMBER START END                  resize partition NUMBER and its file system
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  displays the current version of GNU Parted and copyright information
(parted)



[root@xenserver-gqhoikav ~]# gdisk /dev/sda GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.6.10 Partition table scan: MBR: protective BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: present Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT. Command (? for help): help b back up GPT data to a file c change a partition's name d delete a partition i show detailed information on a partition l list known partition types n add a new partition o create a new empty GUID partition table (GPT) p print the partition table q quit without saving changes r recovery and transformation options (experts only) s sort partitions t change a partition's type code v verify disk w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) ? print this menu Command (? for help): i
Partition number (1-3): 1
下面的guid针对唯一的分区类型是一样的,而第二行是针对每一个唯一的分区而言的
Partition GUID code: EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 (Linux/Windows data)
Partition unique GUID: CCF291F5-B031-4592-BB31-42433B899CAE
First sector: 2048 (at 1024.0 KiB)
Last sector: 8388641 (at 4.0 GiB)
Partition size: 8386594 sectors (4.0 GiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000004
Partition name:

Command (? for help): i
Partition number (1-3): 2
Partition GUID code: EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7 (Linux/Windows data)
Partition unique GUID: D7C3ED47-1C8D-4441-A63D-B4738FBF33EF
First sector: 8390656 (at 4.0 GiB)
Last sector: 16777249 (at 8.0 GiB)
Partition size: 8386594 sectors (4.0 GiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000000
Partition name:

Command (? for help): i
Partition number (1-3): 3
Partition GUID code: E6D6D379-F507-44C2-A23C-238F2A3DF928 (Linux LVM)
Partition unique GUID: BBD06257-0A0F-424A-A5E3-9E6C01E35A36
First sector: 16779264 (at 8.0 GiB)
Last sector: 976773134 (at 465.8 GiB)
Partition size: 959993871 sectors (457.8 GiB)
Attribute flags: 0000000000000000
Partition name:

Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): A9328BFA-2219-4AE0-93E6-A3FF865C62CB
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 6042 sectors (3.0 MiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048         8388641   4.0 GiB     0700
   2         8390656        16777249   4.0 GiB     0700
   3        16779264       976773134   457.8 GiB   8E00

Command (? for help):


 

 

msdos分区表  三主一扩展

gpt分区表  GUID Partition Table  全局唯一标识磁盘分区表  是一个实体硬盘的分区表的结构布局的标准。它是可扩展固件接口(EFI)标准(被Intel用于替代个人计算机的BIOS)的一部分,被用于替代BIOS系统中的一32bits来存储逻辑块地址和大小信息的主开机纪录(MBR)分区表。

不管是什么操作系统,都是安装在硬盘上的,所在就有相应的格式,这就是根本所在

partition schema of ESXi,win,centos,xenserver,openfiler

windows7的分区类型

centos6.5的分区类型

xenserver6.2的分区类型

esxi5.1的分区类型

openfiler2.99的分区类型

sgi irix  www.sgi.com

ibm aix

 

 

*物理存储介质(PhysicalStorageMedia)
指系统的物理存储设备:磁盘,如:/dev/hda、/dev/sda等,是存储系统最底层的存储单元。
*物理卷(Physical Volume,PV)
指磁盘分区或从逻辑上与磁盘分区具有同样功能的设备(如RAID),是LVM的基本存储逻辑块,但和基本的物理存储介质(如分区、磁盘等)比较,却包含有与LVM相关的管理参数。

分区与物理卷是不一样的,把分区做成物理卷
/dev/sda3与pv

 

 

我们的操作系统是靠磁盘分区信息表上的分区类型标志来识别每一个磁盘分区的类型,下面是常见的各种分区类型标志,其中红色和蓝色是最常用的Windows系列操作系统所使用的分区类型,分区类型标志位标志与分区实际格式不符也是常见磁盘的故障,在数据恢复业务中会占到1-2%的比例。

磁盘分区类型标志
00
空,DOS或Windows不允许使用,视为非法
5C
Priam Edisk
01
FAT12
61
Speed Stor
02
XENIX  root
63
GNU HURD or Sys
03
XENIX  usr
64
Novell Netware
06
FAT16 04 表示分区小于32M
65
Novell Netware
07
HPFS / NTFS
70
Disk Secure Mult
08
AIX
75
PC/IX
09
AIX  bootable
80
Old Minix
0A
OS/2  Boot Manage
81
Minix/Old Linux
0B
Win95 FAT32
82
Linux swap
0C
Win95 FAT32
83
Linux
0E
Win95 FAT16
84
0s/2 hidden C:
0F
Win95 Extended(大于 8GB)
85
Linux extended
10
OPUS
86
NTFS volume set
11
Hidden FAT12
87
NTFS volume set
12
Compaq diagmost
93
Amoeba
16
HiddenFAT16
94
Amoeba BBT
14
Hidden FAT16<32MB
A0
IBM Thinkpad hidden
17
Hidden HPFS/NTFS
A5
BSD/386
18
AST Windows swap
A6
Open BSD
1B
Hidden FAT32
A7
NextSTEP
1C
Hidden FAT32 partition
(using LBA-mode INT 13 extensions)
B7
BSDI fs
B8
BSDI swap
1E
Hidden LBA VFAT partition
BE
Solaris boot partition
24
NEC DOS
C0
DR-DOS/Novell DOS secured partition
3C
Partition Magic
C1
DRDOS/sec
40
Venix 80286
C4
DRDOS/sec
41
PPC Perp Boot
C6
DRDOS/sec
42
NTFS动态分区
C7
Syrinx
4D
QNX4.x
DB
CP/M/CTOS
4E
QNX4.x 2nd part
E1
DOS access
4F
QNX4.x 3rd part
E3
DOS r/0
50
OnTrack DM
E4
Speedstor
51
OnTrack DM6 Aux
EB
BeoS fs
52
CP/M
F1
SpeedStor
53
OnTrack DM6 Aux
F2
DOS 3.3+secondary partition
54
OnTrack DM6
F4
SpeedStor
55
EZ-Drive
FE
LAN step
56
Golden Bow
FF
BBT
 

 

Command (m for help): l

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris
 1  FAT12           39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx
 5  Extended        42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data
 6  FAT16           4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS       4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility
 8  AIX             4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt
 9  AIX bootable    50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O
 b  W95 FAT32       52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor
12  Compaq diagnost 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary
16  Hidden FAT16    64  Novell Netware  af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 65  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE
18  AST SmartSleep  70  DiskSecure Mult b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1

 

 

(parted) help mkpart
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition

        PART-TYPE is one of: primary, logical, extended
        FS-TYPE is one of: ext3, ext2, fat32, fat16, hfsx, hfs+, hfs, jfs, linux-swap, ntfs, reiserfs, hp-ufs, sun-ufs, xfs, apfs2, apfs1, asfs, amufs5, amufs4, amufs3, amufs2,
        amufs1, amufs0, amufs, affs7, affs6, affs5, affs4, affs3, affs2, affs1, affs0
        START and END are disk locations, such as 4GB or 10%.  Negative values count from the end of the disk.  For example, -1s specifies exactly the last sector.

        'mkpart' makes a partition without creating a new file system on the partition.  FS-TYPE may be specified to set an appropriate partition ID.
(parted) quit

 

 

 

esx5.1的分区
/vmfs/device目录很重要

~ # esxcli storage core device list t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 Display Name: Local ATA Disk (t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0) Has Settable Display Name: true Size: 476940 Device Type: Direct-Access Multipath Plugin: NMP Devfs Path: /vmfs/devices/disks/t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0 Vendor: ATA Model: ST500DM002-1BD14 Revision: KC45 SCSI Level: 5 Is Pseudo: false Status: on Is RDM Capable: false Is Local: true Is Removable: false Is SSD: false Is Offline: false Is Perennially Reserved: false Queue Full Sample Size: 0 Queue Full Threshold: 0 Thin Provisioning Status: unknown Attached Filters: VAAI Status: unknown Other UIDs: vml.01000000002020202020202020202020205a33544659364830535435303044 Is Local SAS Device: false Is Boot USB Device: false


~ # esxcli storage core device partition list
Device                                                                     Partition  Start Sector  End Sector  Type          Size
-------------------------------------------------------------------------  ---------  ------------  ----------  ----  ------------
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          0             0   976773168     0  500107862016
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          1            64        8192     0       4161536
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          2       1843200    10229760     6    4293918720
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          3      10229760   976773135    fb  494870208000
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          5          8224      520192     6     262127616
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          6        520224     1032192     6     262127616
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          7       1032224     1257472    fc     115326976
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          8       1257504     1843200     6     299876352


esx5.0版没有showguid
~ # esxcli storage core device partition showguid
Device                                                                     Partition  Layout  GUID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------  ---------  ------  --------------------------------
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          0  GPT     00000000000000000000000000000000
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          1  GPT     c12a7328f81f11d2ba4b00a0c93ec93b
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          2  GPT     ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          3  GPT     aa31e02a400f11db9590000c2911d1b8
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          5  GPT     ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          6  GPT     ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          7  GPT     9d27538040ad11dbbf97000c2911d1b8
t10.ATA_____ST500DM0022D1BD142___________________________________Z3TFY6H0          8  GPT     ebd0a0a2b9e5443387c068b6b72699c7

esx5.0的硬件
~ # esxcli storage core adapter list
HBA Name  Driver     Link State  UID            Description
--------  ---------  ----------  -------------  ---------------------------------------------------------------------
vmhba0    ahci       link-n/a    sata.vmhba0    (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba32   ahci       link-n/a    sata.vmhba32   (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba33   ahci       link-n/a    sata.vmhba33   (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba34   ahci       link-n/a    sata.vmhba34   (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba35   ahci       link-n/a    sata.vmhba35   (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba36   ahci       link-n/a    sata.vmhba36   (0:0:31.2) Intel Corporation Cougar Point 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vmhba37   iscsi_vmk  online      iscsi.vmhba37  iSCSI Software Adapter


 

 

lvm备份信息
/etc/lvm目录
/dev/disk目录也很重要

[root@xenserver-flt backup]# ll total 8 -rw------- 1 root root 3904 May 21 16:46 VG_XenStorage-85ce0366-7bf3-c074-ca54-d3a9f908e3db -rw------- 1 root root 3558 Sep 18 16:02 VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f [root@xenserver-flt backup]# less VG_XenStorage-85ce0366-7bf3-c074-ca54-d3a9f908e3db [root@xenserver-flt ~]# xe vm-list uuid ( RO) : c34d6c6d-3f33-c073-25f5-1f4bbdf65ccf name-label ( RW): CentOS 5.5_template power-state ( RO): halted uuid ( RO) : 4c34d88d-d6fa-e706-cede-f60ec3f5da00 name-label ( RW): CentOS 6.0 (32-bit) _Mail power-state ( RO): halted uuid ( RO) : 31f0faa0-29cd-4054-973d-81349762fda4 name-label ( RW): Control domain on host: xenserver-flt power-state ( RO): running uuid ( RO) : a69506ea-e8fa-0a9b-a0de-409c6da7f370 name-label ( RW): CentOS 5.5_SVN power-state ( RO): halted uuid ( RO) : 1c16616b-099a-0400-b4d3-a36277b45fba name-label ( RW): CentOS 5.5(FILE) power-state ( RO): halted uuid ( RO) : 2edccca8-b608-f06a-b210-f6abcd9e75d2 name-label ( RW): CentOS 6.0 (32-bit) _template power-state ( RO): halted uuid ( RO) : 6beb4fca-7b93-d9fb-bcd2-dad6354738e4 name-label ( RW): CentOS 6.0 (32-bit)(OA) power-state ( RO): halted [root@xenserver-flt mapper]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f PV Size 465.76 GB / not usable 8.10 MB Allocatable yes PE Size (KByte) 4096 Total PE 119232 Free PE 67406 Allocated PE 51826 PV UUID jn47SO-hAXu-ASKy-BwBh-iJtq-GmCb-lDCsxj [root@xenserver-flt mapper]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 107 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 7 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 465.75 GB PE Size 4.00 MB Total PE 119232 Alloc PE / Size 51826 / 202.45 GB Free PE / Size 67406 / 263.30 GB VG UUID 3TNxBp-PtAk-Xxia-6aIq-BTzI-oT1Y-GFx2ex [root@xenserver-flt mapper]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/MGT VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID KaL8Bh-XpuX-G9Cq-SXUr-Pn7A-DDve-sepHWB LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 4.00 MB Current LE 1 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 1024 Block device 252:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-509e25fc-f708-4849-9ed6-393235f3b611 VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID Ze9gvg-Re7Z-v71E-RzJx-oU8U-aWuc-KkThsL LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 40.09 GB Current LE 10262 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-826741c7-5064-45c0-810d-ddbfc2a7f8ea VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID heNU6V-95tA-me2v-O73u-4bI8-1h1J-ydp3bO LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 50.11 GB Current LE 12827 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-4d6c90eb-13b5-4f12-9115-b0609b62074a VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID YKudqI-ldHa-bhK4-jRYn-UBIu-kGAu-WxtVyM LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 16.04 GB Current LE 4106 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-4674802b-6ef0-415f-b4d5-933b056deea1 VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID gXlbQ5-tr0G-s7ja-dk68-PcIY-nfrC-1EGC8Q LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 16.04 GB Current LE 4106 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-8be06a30-e705-44b4-8f6f-8f96d242090d VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID WPuQVw-aNNz-Oqiz-D92J-gU0S-dkL5-kM2zga LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 40.09 GB Current LE 10262 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f/VHD-3bf8e4f3-6ca0-4b99-960c-9db6bc2d5a66 VG Name VG_XenStorage-e4d10b8c-de2d-2e64-c386-3fee17bf7f4f LV UUID 4F7Bya-D96U-nftP-13He-1tJR-dG6Q-mIMvg9 LV Write Access read/write LV Status NOT available LV Size 40.09 GB Current LE 10262 Segments 2 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto [root@xenserver-flt mapper]#

 

win7安装界面如果出现不能安装到这个磁盘时,大多数情况下是本磁盘是一个gpt,需要转换成mbr,或者相反。

在选择分区界面,按下SHIFT+F10调出cmd命令提示符

diskpart
help
list disk
select disk 0
clean
convert mbr
convert gpt
list partition

建立EFI分区及系统安装分区
create partition efi size=100 建立efi分区
create partition msr size=128 建立msr分区(如果引导mac系统的话)
create partition primary size=50000
list partition
format fs=ntfs quick

 

 

diskgenuis转换mbr为gpt

GPT分区表建立完成后,接着新建分区,会有如下选择:
1.如果你的电脑BIOS设置中有EFI这选项,就选择”ESP分区“;
2.如果你的电脑BIOS设置中没有这选项,就选择”MSR分区“,
接下来自己创建分区,如果装系统不行,就还原到原来的MBR分区表。
GPT分区表可以创建多个主分区,但没有一个分区是表示活动的。

 

MSR分区

MSR分区(Microsoft Reserved Partition,缩写MSR)即Microsoft 保留 (MSR) 分区。是每个 在GUID 分区表 (GPT) 上的 Windows操作系统(windows7以上)都要求的分区。
MSR 分区的大小会因 GPT 磁盘的大小不同而发生变化。对于小于 16 GB 的磁盘,MSR 分区为 32 MB。对于大于 16 GB 的磁盘,MSR 分区为 128 MB。MSR 分区在“磁盘管理”中不可见,用户也无法在 MSR 分区上存储或删除数据。

ESP分区

EFI系统分区,即 EFI system partition,简写为 ESP。ESP 是一个 FAT16 或 FAT32 格式的物理分区,但是其分区标识是 EF (十六进制) 而非常规的 0E 或 0C,因此,该分区在 Windows 操作系统下一般是不可见的。支持 EFI 模式的电脑需要从 ESP 启动系统,EFI 固件可从 ESP 加载 EFI 启动程序或者应用

EFI 规范规定 ESP 使用 FAT 格式。尽管这种老旧的格式有很多局限性,但也不算一无是处。尤其开发者来说,系统中有个 FAT32 分区是很好的,因为经常使用多个系统,包括 Windows、Linux、FreeBSD,而这些系统都能安全地访问 FAT 分区,因此,可以把各个系统的启动相关的文件包括启动管理程序等放到 ESP 里,而且,这也方便在一个系统中去修改另一个系统的启动文件,至少可以把 ESP 当作各个系统的公共交换空间。

ESP是一个独立于操作系统之外的分区,操作系统被引导之后,就不再依赖它。这使得 ESP 非常适合用来存储那些系统级的维护性的工具和数据,比如:引导管理程序、驱动程序、系统维护工具、系统备份等,甚至可以在 ESP 里安装一个特殊的操作系统(SlaTaz Linux? PuppyLinux? Win PE?)。

尽管 ESP 分区是一个 FAT 格式的分区,但它的分区标识却是一个特别的标识(EF),EFI 规范的这一规定使得 ESP 在 Windows 下一般是不可见的,起码,对一般的 Windows 用户来说,这是一块“无法访问”的隐藏起来的区域。这意味什么?我们可以利用这个特点做什么?
我们不妨先回顾下其它煞费苦心地划分特殊分区以达到特殊目的的一些技术或方案。许多品牌机会在硬盘里划分一个特殊的隐藏的分区,用以存放系统恢复镜像等文件,可利用该分区“一键”恢复系统。无忧论坛上提到了UD隐藏分区,在磁盘上划分一块未使用的空白区域,用于存储引导文件甚至PE系统。除了这些,应该还有一些类似的东西,它们的目标其实都是为了维护或恢复系统,一般来说,木马和病毒不会破坏这些分区里的文件,普通用户也不会触及它们,使得它们相对来说是安全的。但是,它们的用户其实只是普通的 Windows 使用者,其它操作系统的用户,以及稍懂点技术的 Windows 用户,非常不愿意见到那些“多余”的分区,相信许多人都会把那些分区删除了吧?不过,ESP 呢?与提及的那些技术相比,ESP 也可以看作是一个特殊的分区,它有何特别?
首先,EFI 规范要求有 ESP,既然是强制的,那我们不妨拿它多做点事,而不是去删除它。其次,与上面提及的那些技术相比,ESP 也可以看做是一个安全的隐藏的分区,这使得我们完全可以使用 ESP 来替代那些技术,我们可以把引导管理程序、系统维护工具、系统恢复工具及镜像等放到 ESP,可以自己打造“一键恢复系统”,等等。而且,不仅可以自己进行 DIY,还要更方便、更通用。再者,ESP 是个标准的 FAT 分区,因此与上面提及的那些技术不同,ESP 在“隐藏”的同时并没有失去可访问性,不管你用什么操作系统,都是可以安全地访问它的(后面讲),所以,ESP 绝不会是“多余”的,相反,它很有用。

 

EFI抛弃了存贮在ROM上的方式,其文件系统存储在硬盘独立划定的区域内。

EFI的英文全称是Extensible Firmware Interface,中文名是可扩展固件接口,早在2006年的上半年,Intel曾经在IDF上进行过EFI的演示。要使用EFI系统,必须主板和操作系统都支持EFI功能,目前支持EFI功能的操作系统有Mac OS X、Vista和Server 2003。


EFI是以小型磁盘分区的形式存放在硬盘上的。EFI的安装,必须在支持EFI功能的主板上,使用光驱引导系统,然后对磁盘进行EFI化的处理,这个处理的过程,主要就是划分EFI独用的磁盘空间。
EFI的存储空间大约为50MB到100MB,具体视驱动文件多少而定。在这部分空间中,包含以下几个部分:
1. Pre-EFI初始化模块
2. EFI驱动执行环境
3. EFI驱动程序
4. 兼容性支持模块(CSM)
5. EFI高层应用
6. GUID 磁盘分区

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