Java加密技术(二)——对称加密算法DES&AES

desdesedejavaaes
    接下来我们介绍对称加密算法,最常用的莫过于DES数据加密算法。
DES
DES-Data Encryption Standard,即数据加密算法。是IBM公司于1975年研究成功并公开发表的。DES算法的入口参数有三个:Key、Data、Mode。其中Key为8个字节共64位,是DES算法的工作密钥;Data也为8个字节64位,是要被加密或被解密的数据;Mode为DES的工作方式,有两种:加密或解密。
  DES算法把64位的明文输入块变为64位的密文输出块,它所使用的密钥也是64位。



通过java代码实现如下:Coder类见 Java加密技术(一)
Java代码  收藏代码
import java.security.Key; 
import java.security.SecureRandom; 
 
import javax.crypto.Cipher; 
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator; 
import javax.crypto.SecretKey; 
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory; 
import javax.crypto.spec.DESKeySpec; 
 
 
/**
* DES安全编码组件

* <pre>
* 支持 DES、DESede(TripleDES,就是3DES)、AES、Blowfish、RC2、RC4(ARCFOUR)
* DES                  key size must be equal to 56
* DESede(TripleDES)    key size must be equal to 112 or 168
* AES                  key size must be equal to 128, 192 or 256,but 192 and 256 bits may not be available
* Blowfish             key size must be multiple of 8, and can only range from 32 to 448 (inclusive)
* RC2                  key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
* RC4(ARCFOUR)         key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
* 具体内容 需要关注 JDK Document http://.../docs/technotes/guides/security/SunProviders.html
* </pre>

* @author 梁栋
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/ 
public abstract class DESCoder extends Coder { 
    /**
     * ALGORITHM 算法 <br>
     * 可替换为以下任意一种算法,同时key值的size相应改变。
     * 
     * <pre>
     * DES                  key size must be equal to 56
     * DESede(TripleDES)    key size must be equal to 112 or 168
     * AES                  key size must be equal to 128, 192 or 256,but 192 and 256 bits may not be available
     * Blowfish             key size must be multiple of 8, and can only range from 32 to 448 (inclusive)
     * RC2                  key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
     * RC4(ARCFOUR)         key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
     * </pre>
     * 
     * 在Key toKey(byte[] key)方法中使用下述代码
     * <code>SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, ALGORITHM);</code> 替换
     * <code>
     * DESKeySpec dks = new DESKeySpec(key);
     * SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
     * SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(dks);
     * </code>
     */ 
    public static final String ALGORITHM = "DES"; 
 
    /**
     * 转换密钥<br>
     * 
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */ 
    private static Key toKey(byte[] key) throws Exception { 
        DESKeySpec dks = new DESKeySpec(key); 
        SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM); 
        SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(dks); 
 
        // 当使用其他对称加密算法时,如AES、Blowfish等算法时,用下述代码替换上述三行代码 
        // SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, ALGORITHM); 
 
        return secretKey; 
    } 
 
    /**
     * 解密
     * 
     * @param data
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */ 
    public static byte[] decrypt(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception { 
        Key k = toKey(decryptBASE64(key)); 
 
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM); 
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, k); 
 
        return cipher.doFinal(data); 
    } 
 
    /**
     * 加密
     * 
     * @param data
     * @param key
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */ 
    public static byte[] encrypt(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception { 
        Key k = toKey(decryptBASE64(key)); 
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM); 
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, k); 
 
        return cipher.doFinal(data); 
    } 
 
    /**
     * 生成密钥
     * 
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */ 
    public static String initKey() throws Exception { 
        return initKey(null); 
    } 
 
    /**
     * 生成密钥
     * 
     * @param seed
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */ 
    public static String initKey(String seed) throws Exception { 
        SecureRandom secureRandom = null; 
 
        if (seed != null) { 
            secureRandom = new SecureRandom(decryptBASE64(seed)); 
        } else { 
            secureRandom = new SecureRandom(); 
        } 
 
        KeyGenerator kg = KeyGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM); 
        kg.init(secureRandom); 
 
        SecretKey secretKey = kg.generateKey(); 
 
        return encryptBASE64(secretKey.getEncoded()); 
    } 


延续上一个类的实现,我们通过MD5以及SHA对字符串加密生成密钥,这是比较常见的密钥生成方式。
再给出一个测试类:
Java代码  收藏代码
import static org.junit.Assert.*; 
 
 
import org.junit.Test; 
 
/**

* @author 梁栋
* @version 1.0
* @since 1.0
*/ 
public class DESCoderTest { 
 
    @Test 
    public void test() throws Exception { 
        String inputStr = "DES"; 
        String key = DESCoder.initKey(); 
        System.err.println("原文:\t" + inputStr); 
 
        System.err.println("密钥:\t" + key); 
 
        byte[] inputData = inputStr.getBytes(); 
        inputData = DESCoder.encrypt(inputData, key); 
 
        System.err.println("加密后:\t" + DESCoder.encryptBASE64(inputData)); 
 
        byte[] outputData = DESCoder.decrypt(inputData, key); 
        String outputStr = new String(outputData); 
 
        System.err.println("解密后:\t" + outputStr); 
 
        assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr); 
    } 


得到的输出内容如下:
Console代码  收藏代码
原文: DES 
密钥: f3wEtRrV6q0= 
 
加密后:    C6qe9oNIzRY= 
 
解密后:    DES 

    由控制台得到的输出,我们能够比对加密、解密后结果一致。这是一种简单的加密解密方式,只有一个密钥。
    其实DES有很多同胞兄弟,如DESede(TripleDES)、AES、Blowfish、RC2、RC4(ARCFOUR)。这里就不过多阐述了,大同小异,只要换掉ALGORITHM换成对应的值,同时做一个代码替换SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, ALGORITHM);就可以了,此外就是密钥长度不同了。

Java代码  收藏代码
/**
* DES          key size must be equal to 56
* DESede(TripleDES) key size must be equal to 112 or 168
* AES          key size must be equal to 128, 192 or 256,but 192 and 256 bits may not be available
* Blowfish     key size must be multiple of 8, and can only range from 32 to 448 (inclusive)
* RC2          key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
* RC4(ARCFOUR) key size must be between 40 and 1024 bits
**/ 

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