其实之前已经大部分提及到。现总结一下,然后加上例子,毕竟例子容易理解
http://www.blogjava.net/fhtdy2004/archive/2009/06/08/280728.html中有关interrupt()的解释已经很清楚了
interrupt
public void interrupt()
-
中断线程。
如果当前线程没有中断它自己(这在任何情况下都是允许的),则该线程的
checkAccess
方法就会被调用,这可能抛出SecurityException
。如果线程在调用
Object
类的wait()
、wait(long)
或wait(long, int)
方法,或者该类的join()
、join(long)
、join(long, int)
、sleep(long)
或sleep(long, int)
方法过程中受阻,则其中断状态将被清除,它还将收到一个InterruptedException
。如果该线程在
可中断的通道
上的 I/O 操作中受阻,则该通道将被关闭,该线程的中断状态将被设置并且该线程将收到一个
ClosedByInterruptException
。如果该线程在一个
Selector
中受阻,则该线程的中断状态将被设置,它将立即从选择操作返回,并可能带有一个非零值,就好像调用了选择器的wakeup
方法一样。如果以前的条件都没有保存,则该线程的中断状态将被设置。
-
-
- 抛出:
-
SecurityException
- 如果当前线程无法修改该线程
interrupted
public static boolean interrupted()
-
测试当前线程是否已经中断。线程的
中断状态 由该方法清除。换句话说,如果连续两次调用该方法,则第二次调用将返回 false(在第一次调用已清除了其中断状态之后,且第二次调用检验完中断状态前,当前线程再次中断的情况除外)。
-
-
- 返回:
-
如果当前线程已经中断,则返回
true
;否则返回false
。 - 另请参见:
-
isInterrupted()
isInterrupted
public boolean isInterrupted()
-
测试线程是否已经中断。线程的
中断状态 不受该方法的影响。
-
-
- 返回:
-
如果该线程已经中断,则返回
true
;否则返回false
。 - 另请参见:
-
interrupted()
t.interrupt()不会中断正在执行的线程,只是将线程的标志位设置成true。但是如果线程在调用sleep(),join(),wait()方法时线程被中断,则这些方法会抛出InterruptedException,在catch块中捕获到这个异常时,线程的中断标志位已经被设置成false了,因此在此catch块中调用t.isInterrupted(),Thread.interrupted()始终都为false,
而t.isInterrupted与Thread.interrupted()的区别是API中已经说明很明显了,Thread.interrupted()假如当前的中断标志为true,则调完后会将中断标志位设置成false
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
class CanStop extends Thread {
private int counter = 0;
public void run() {
boolean done = false;
try{
Thread.sleep(100);//设置成100比主线程中的500要小
}catch(InterruptedException ie){
ie.printStackTrace();
//return;假如要使用interrupt来终止线程则在捕获的InterruptedException中return
}
while (counter < 100000 &&!done) {
System.out.println(counter++);
//在主线程中调用stoppable.interrupt()之前为false,假如之后没有调用Thread.interrupted()则一直为true,
//否则为第一次为true,调用Thread.interrupted之后为false
System.out.println("in thread stoppable.isInterrupted() "+isInterrupted());
//System.out.println("stoppable.isInterrupted() "+Thread.interrupted());////在主线程中调用stoppable.interrupt()之前为false,之后只有第一个会显示为true,之后全为false
//调用Thread.interrupted()一次会清除线程的中断标志位,因此以后都为false
if(Thread.interrupted()==true){
try{
//Thread.interrupted()会清除中断标志位,显然这里面只会调用一次
System.out.println("in thread after Thread.interrupted() "+isInterrupted());
sleep(10000);
}catch(InterruptedException ie){
ie.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
public class CheckInterrupt {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final CanStop stoppable = new CanStop();
stoppable.start();
new Timer(true).schedule(new TimerTask() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Requesting Interrupt");
stoppable.interrupt();//不会中断正在执行的线程,原因是因为interrupt()方法只设置中断状态标志位为true
System.out.println("in timer stoppable.isInterrupted() "+stoppable.isInterrupted());
}
}, 500); // run() after 500 milliseconds
}
}
2,关于interrupte()打断sleep()
// Understanding join().
class Sleeper extends Thread {
private int duration;
public Sleeper(String name, int sleepTime) {
super(name);
duration = sleepTime;
start();
}
public void run() {
try {
sleep(duration);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// System.out.println(getName() + " was interrupted. " +
// "isInterrupted(): " + isInterrupted());
System.out.println(getName() + " in catch Thread.interrupted(). "
+ "Thread.interrupted(): " + Thread.interrupted());
return;
}
System.out.println(getName() + " has awakened");
}
}
class Joiner extends Thread {
private Sleeper sleeper;
public Joiner(String name, Sleeper sleeper) {
super(name);
this.sleeper = sleeper;
start();
}
public void run() {
try {
sleeper.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
//run方法不能Throw CheckedException,要抛只能抛出RuntimeException,也不会被主线程捕获
//要使主线程能够捕获这个RuntimeException请参见另外一篇文章
//地址:http://www.blogjava.net/fhtdy2004/archive/2009/08/07/290210.html
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
System.out.println(getName() + " join completed");
}
}
public class Joining {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Sleeper sleepy = new Sleeper("Sleepy", 1500),
grumpy = new Sleeper("Grumpy", 1500);
Joiner dopey = new Joiner("Dopey", sleepy),
doc = new Joiner("Doc",grumpy);
grumpy.interrupt();
//doc.interrupt();
}
}
Sleeper是一个会睡上一段时间的Thread,至于睡多长时间,这要由构造函数的参数决定。Sleeper的run( )的sleep( )可以因时限到期而返回,也可以被interrupt( )打断。catch语句在报告中断的同时,会一并报告isInterrupted( )。当有别的线程调用了本线程的interrupt( )时,会设置一个标记以表示这个这个线程被打断了。当本线程捕获这个异常的时候,会清除这个标志。所以catch语句会永远报告说isInterrupted( )是false。这个标记是用来应付其它情况的,或许在没出异常的情况下,线程要用它来检查自己是不是被中断了。
Joiner是另一个线程,它调用了Sleeper的join( ),所以它要等Sleeper醒过来。main( )创建了两个Sleeper分派给两个Joiner。你会发现,不论Sleeper是被打断还是正常结束,Joiner都会随Sleeper一道结束。
2,如何终止一个线程:
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
class CanStop extends Thread {
// Must be volatile:
private volatile boolean stop = false;
private int counter = 0;
public void run() {
while (!stop && counter < 100000) {
System.out.println(counter++);
}
if (stop)
System.out.println("Detected stop");
}
public void requestStop() {
stop = true;
}
}
public class Stopping {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final CanStop stoppable = new CanStop();
stoppable.start();
new Timer(true).schedule(new TimerTask() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Requesting stop");
stoppable.requestStop();
}
}, 500); // run() after 500 milliseconds
}
}
或者
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
class CanStop extends Thread {
private boolean stop = false;
private int counter = 0;
public void run() {
boolean done = false;
try{
Thread.sleep(100);
}catch(InterruptedException ie){
ie.printStackTrace();
//return;假如要使用interrupt来终止线程则在捕获的InterruptedException中return
}
while (!getStopRequest() && counter < 100000 &&!done) {
System.out.println(counter++);
}
if (getStopRequest())
System.out.println("Detected stop");
}
public synchronized boolean getStopRequest(){
return stop;
}
public synchronized void requestStop() {
stop = true;
}
}
public class Stopping {
public static void main(String[] args) {
final CanStop stoppable = new CanStop();
stoppable.start();
new Timer(true).schedule(new TimerTask() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Requesting stop");
stoppable.requestStop();
}
}, 500); // run() after 500 milliseconds
}
}
有时线程受阻之后就不能再做轮询了,比如在等输入,这时你就不能像前面那样去查询旗标了。碰到这种情况,你可以用Thread.interrupt( )方法打断受阻的线程:
// : c13:Interrupt.java
// Using interrupt() to break out of a blocked thread.
import java.util. * ;
class Blocked extends Thread {
public Blocked() {
System.out.println("Starting Blocked");
start();
}
public void run() {
try {
synchronized(this) {
wait(); // Blocks
}
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Interrupted");
}
System.out.println("Exiting run()");
}
}
public class Interrupt {
static Blocked blocked = new Blocked();
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Timer(true).schedule(new TimerTask() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Preparing to interrupt");
blocked.interrupt();
blocked = null; // to release it
}
}, 2000); // run() after 2000 milliseconds
}
} // /
3.避免过多的同步,永远不要在循环外面调用wait
为了避免死锁的危险,在一个被同步的的方法或者代码快中,永远不要放弃对客户的限制。
换句话说,在一个被同步的区域内部,不要调用一个可被改写的公有或受保护的方法(这样的方法往往是一个抽象方法,但偶尔他们也会有一个默认的实现,)从包含该同步区域的类的角度来看,这样的方法是一个外来者alien。这个类不知道该类会做什么事情,也控制不力它。客户可以为这个外来方法提供一个实现,并且在该方法中创建了一个线程,再回调到这个类中。然后,新建的线程试图获取原线程所拥有的那把锁,这样会导致新建的线程被阻塞。如果创建该线程的方法在等待这个线程完成这个任务,则死锁就形成了。
Object.wait方法的作用是使一个线程等待某个条件。它一定是在一个同步区域中被调用,而且该同步区域锁住了被调用的对象。下面是wait方法的标准模式:
synchronized(obj){
while(<condition does not hold>)
obj.wait();
...//perform action appropriate to condition
}
总是使用wait循环模式来调用wait方法。而不是if来调用。永远不要在循环的外面调用wait。循环被用于等待的前后测试条件
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
public abstract class WorkQueue {
private final List queue = new LinkedList();
private boolean stopped = false;
StringBuffer sb;
BufferedInputStream bis;
protected WorkQueue(){
new WorkerThread2().start();
}
public final void enqueue(Object workItem){
synchronized(queue){
queue.add(workItem);
queue.notify();
}
}
public final void stop(){
synchronized(queue){
stopped = true;
queue.notify();
}
}
protected abstract void processItem(Object workItem)throws InterruptedException;
//Broken - invokes alien method from synchronized block
private class WorkerThread extends Thread{
public void run(){
while(true){
synchronized(WorkQueue.this.queue){
try{
while(queue.isEmpty() && !stopped){
queue.wait();
}
}catch(InterruptedException ie){
ie.printStackTrace();
return;
}
if(stopped)
return;
Object workItem = queue.remove(0);
try{
processItem(workItem);//lock held
}catch(InterruptedException ie){
System.out.println("ddd"+ie);
return;
}
}
}
}
}
//Alien method outside synchronized block -"open call"
private class WorkerThread2 extends Thread{
public void run(){
while(true){
Object workItem = null;
synchronized(WorkQueue.this.queue){
try{
while(queue.isEmpty() && !stopped){
queue.wait();
}
}catch(InterruptedException ie){
return;
}
if(stopped)
return;
workItem = queue.remove(0);
}
try{
processItem(workItem);//No lock held
}catch(InterruptedException ie){
return;
}
}
}
}
}
public class DisplayQueue extends WorkQueue {
@Override
protected void processItem(Object workItem) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(workItem);
System.out.println("模拟此线程做耗时工作");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
public static void main(String[] args){
WorkQueue wq = new DisplayQueue();
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
String s = new String("object_"+i);
System.out.println("main thread add " + s+" to queue");
wq.enqueue(s);
try{
Thread.sleep(500);
}catch(InterruptedException ie){
ie.printStackTrace();
}
}
//wq.stop();
}
}
class DeadLockQueue extends WorkQueue {
@Override
protected void processItem(final Object workItem) throws InterruptedException {
Thread child = new Thread(){
public void run(){
//DeadLockQueue.this.enqueue(workItem);
System.out.println("在将对象入队列 "+workItem);
enqueue(workItem);
}
};
child.start();
child.join();//dead lock
}
}
4.保持可运行线程数量尽可能的少的主要技术是,让每个线程做少量的工作,然后使用Object.wait等待某个条件发生,或者使用Thread.sleep()睡眠一段时间, 线程不应该忙-等busy-wait,即反复的检查一个数据结构,以等待某些事件发生。除了使程序易受调度器的变化的影响外,忙等这种做法还会增加处理器的负担
busy-wait
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
public abstract class WorkQueueBusyWait {
private final List queue = new LinkedList();
private boolean stopped = false;
protected WorkQueueBusyWait(){
new WorkThread().start();
}
public final void enqueue(Object workItem){
synchronized(queue){
queue.add(workItem);
}
}
public final void stop(){
synchronized(queue){
stopped = true;
}
}
protected abstract void processItem(Object workitem) throws InterruptedException;
private class WorkThread extends Thread{
public void run(){
final Object QUEUE_IS_EMPTY = new Object();
while(true){
Object workItem = QUEUE_IS_EMPTY;
synchronized(queue){
if(stopped)
return;
if(!queue.isEmpty())
workItem = queue.remove(0);
}
if(workItem != QUEUE_IS_EMPTY){
try{
processItem(workItem);
}catch(InterruptedException ie){
ie.printStackTrace();
return;
}
}
}
}
}
}
class PingPongQueue extends WorkQueue {
volatile int count=0;
@Override
protected void processItem(final Object workItem) throws InterruptedException {
count++;
WorkQueue recipient = (WorkQueue)workItem;
recipient.enqueue(this);
}
}
public class WaitQueuePerf {
/** *//**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
PingPongQueue q1 = new PingPongQueue();
PingPongQueue q2 = new PingPongQueue();
q1.enqueue(q2);
try{
Thread.sleep(1000);
}catch(InterruptedException ie){
ie.printStackTrace();
}
int count = q1.count;
try{
Thread.sleep(1000);
}catch(InterruptedException ie){
ie.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(q1.count-count);
q1.stop();
q2.stop();
}
}