JDK7的NIO2特性或许是我最期待的,我一直想基于它写一个高性能的Java Http Server.现在这个想法终于可以实施了。
本人基于目前最新的JDK7 b76开发了一个HTTP Server性能确实不错。
在windows平台上NIO2采用AccpetEx来异步接受连接,并且读写全都关联到IOCP完成端口。不仅如此,为了方便开发者使用,连IOCP工作线程都封装好了,你只要提供线程池就OK。
但是要注意,IOCP工作线程的线程池必须是 Fix的,因为你发出的读写请求都关联到相应的线程上,如果线程死了,那读写完成情况是不知道的。
作为一个Http Server,传送文件是必不可少的功能,那一般文件的传送都是要把程序里的buffer拷贝到内核的buffer,由内核发送出去的。windows平台上为这种情况提供了很好的解决方案,使用TransmitFile接口
SOCKET hSocket,
HANDLE hFile,
DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite,
DWORD nNumberOfBytesPerSend,
LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped,
LPTRANSMIT_FILE_BUFFERS lpTransmitBuffers,
DWORD dwFlags
);
你只要把文件句柄发送给内核就行了,内核帮你搞定其余的,真正做到Zero-Copy.
但是很不幸,NIO2里AsynchronousSocketChannel没有提供这样的支持。而为HTTP Server的性能考量,本人只好自己增加这个支持。
要无缝支持,这个必须得表现的跟 Read /Write一样,有完成的通知,通知传送多少数据,等等。
仔细读完sun的IOCP实现以后发现这部分工作他们封装得很好,基本只要往他们的框架里加东西就好了。
为了能访问他们的框架代码,我定义自己的TransmitFile支持类在sun.nio.ch包里,以获得最大的权限。
package sun.nio.ch;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousCloseException;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException;
import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler;
import java.nio.channels.NotYetConnectedException;
import java.nio.channels.WritePendingException;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
/**
* @author Yvon
*
*/
public class WindowsTransmitFileSupport {
//Sun's NIO2 channel implementation class
private WindowsAsynchronousSocketChannelImpl channel;
//nio2 framework core data structure
PendingIoCache ioCache;
//some field retrieve from sun channel implementation class
private Object writeLock;
private Field writingF;
private Field writeShutdownF;
private Field writeKilledF; // f
WindowsTransmitFileSupport()
{
// dummy one for JNI code
}
/**
*
*/
public WindowsTransmitFileSupport(
AsynchronousSocketChannel
channel) {
this .channel = (WindowsAsynchronousSocketChannelImpl)channel;
try {
// Initialize the fields
Field f = WindowsAsynchronousSocketChannelImpl. class
.getDeclaredField( " ioCache " );
f.setAccessible( true );
ioCache = (PendingIoCache) f.get(channel);
f = AsynchronousSocketChannelImpl. class
.getDeclaredField( " writeLock " );
f.setAccessible( true );
writeLock = f.get(channel);
writingF = AsynchronousSocketChannelImpl. class
.getDeclaredField( " writing " );
writingF.setAccessible( true );
writeShutdownF = AsynchronousSocketChannelImpl. class
.getDeclaredField( " writeShutdown " );
writeShutdownF.setAccessible( true );
writeKilledF = AsynchronousSocketChannelImpl. class
.getDeclaredField( " writeKilled " );
writeKilledF.setAccessible( true );
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SecurityException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* Implements the task to initiate a write and the handler to consume the
* result when the send file completes.
*/
private class SendFileTask < V, A > implements Runnable, Iocp.ResultHandler {
private final PendingFuture < V, A > result;
private final long file;//file is windows file HANDLE
SendFileTask( long file, PendingFuture < V, A > result) {
this .result = result;
this .file = file;
}
@Override
// @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void run() {
long overlapped = 0L ;
boolean pending = false ;
boolean shutdown = false ;
try {
channel.begin();
// get an OVERLAPPED structure (from the cache or allocate)
overlapped = ioCache.add(result);
int n = transmitFile0(channel.handle, file, overlapped);
if (n == IOStatus.UNAVAILABLE) {
// I/O is pending
pending = true ;
return ;
}
if (n == IOStatus.EOF) {
// special case for shutdown output
shutdown = true ;
throw new ClosedChannelException();
}
// write completed immediately
throw new InternalError( " Write completed immediately " );
} catch (Throwable x) {
// write failed. Enable writing before releasing waiters.
channel.enableWriting();
if ( ! shutdown && (x instanceof ClosedChannelException))
x = new AsynchronousCloseException();
if ( ! (x instanceof IOException))
x = new IOException(x);
result.setFailure(x);
} finally {
// release resources if I/O not pending
if ( ! pending) {
if (overlapped != 0L )
ioCache.remove(overlapped);
}
channel.end();
}
// invoke completion handler
Invoker.invoke(result);
}
/**
* Executed when the I/O has completed
*/
@Override
@SuppressWarnings( " unchecked " )
public void completed( int bytesTransferred, boolean canInvokeDirect) {
// release waiters if not already released by timeout
synchronized (result) {
if (result.isDone())
return ;
channel.enableWriting();
result.setResult((V) Integer.valueOf(bytesTransferred));
}
if (canInvokeDirect) {
Invoker.invokeUnchecked(result);
} else {
Invoker.invoke(result);
}
}
@Override
public void failed( int error, IOException x) {
// return direct buffer to cache if substituted
// release waiters if not already released by timeout
if ( ! channel.isOpen())
x = new AsynchronousCloseException();
synchronized (result) {
if (result.isDone())
return ;
channel.enableWriting();
result.setFailure(x);
}
Invoker.invoke(result);
}
}
public < V extends Number, A > Future < V > sendFile( long file, A att,
CompletionHandler < V, ? super A > handler) {
boolean closed = false ;
if (channel.isOpen()) {
if (channel.remoteAddress == null )
throw new NotYetConnectedException();
// check and update state
synchronized (writeLock) {
try {
if (writeKilledF.getBoolean(channel))
throw new IllegalStateException(
" Writing not allowed due to timeout or cancellation " );
if (writingF.getBoolean(channel))
throw new WritePendingException();
if (writeShutdownF.getBoolean(channel)) {
closed = true ;
} else {
writingF.setBoolean(channel, true );
}
} catch (Exception e)
{
IllegalStateException ise = new IllegalStateException( " catch exception when write " );
ise.initCause(e);
throw ise;
}
}
} else {
closed = true ;
}
// channel is closed or shutdown for write
if (closed) {
Throwable e = new ClosedChannelException();
if (handler == null )
return CompletedFuture.withFailure(e);
Invoker.invoke(channel, handler, att, null , e);
return null ;
}
return implSendFile(file,att,handler);
}
< V extends Number, A > Future < V > implSendFile( long file, A attachment,
CompletionHandler < V, ? super A > handler) {
// setup task
PendingFuture < V, A > result = new PendingFuture < V, A > (channel, handler,
attachment);
SendFileTask < V,A > sendTask = new SendFileTask < V,A > (file,result);
result.setContext(sendTask);
// initiate I/O (can only be done from thread in thread pool)
// initiate I/O
if (Iocp.supportsThreadAgnosticIo()) {
sendTask.run();
} else {
Invoker.invokeOnThreadInThreadPool(channel, sendTask);
}
return result;
}
private native int transmitFile0( long handle, long file,
long overlapped);
}
这个操作跟默认实现的里的write操作是很像的,只是最后调用的本地方法不一样。。
接下来,我们怎么使用呢,这个类是定义在sun的包里的,直接用的话,会报IllegalAccessError,因为我们的类加载器跟初始化加载器是不一样的。
解决办法一个是通过启动参数-Xbootclasspath,让我们的包被初始加载器加载。我个人不喜欢这种办法,所以就采用JNI来定义我们的windows TransmitFile支持类。
这样我们的工作算是完成了,注意,发送文件的时候传得是文件句柄,这样做的好处是你可以更好的控制,一般是在发送前,打开文件句柄,完成后在回调通知方法里关闭文件句柄。
有兴趣的同学可以看看我的HTTP server项目:
http://code.google.com/p/jabhttpd/
目前基本功能实现得差不多,做了些简单的测试,性能比较满意。这个服务器不打算支持servlet api,基本是专门给做基于长连接模式通信的定做的。