Android_BroadcastReceiver广播接收者详解及应用

1.概述

广播接收者(BroadcastReceiver)用于接收广播,在Android系统中,广播应用非常常见。例如当开机完成后系统会产生一条action为android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED的广播,可达到开机启动的目的;当手机接收到一条短信,系统会产生一条action为android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED的广播,接收到这条广播就对短信进行处理 等等。

动态广播接收器比静态广播接收器要接受的早,可以尝试在AndroidManifest.xml静态和java代码动态注册广播接收者~~降低被杀死的概率

2.简单实现广播接收者

//1.继承BroadcastReceiver,覆写onReceive方法,intent包含广播对象信息
public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		/*
		 *  简要动作,一般不超过10秒
		 *  ...To Do..
		 */
	}
}
<!-- 2.在项目清单文件完接收者成配置 -->
<!-- 系统发送一个广播,action为下面指定内容后,匹配该receiver -->
<receiver android:name=".SmsReceiver" >
	<intent-filter>
	    <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/>
	</intent-filter>
</receiver>

3.广播类型

(1).普通广播

//发送一个广播,所以监听该广播的广播接收者都可以监听到改广播
public void click(View view){
	Intent intent = new Intent(this, SmsReceiver.class);
	sendBroadcast(intent);
}

(2).异步广播

/*
 * 在onCreate()使用registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver, IntentFilter)注册,但要注意在onDestroy()要解除注册
 */

//	1.在onCreate注册receiver
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
	setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
	IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
	filter.addAction("baidu.myreceiver");
	registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
	
}
//	2.在onDestroy要解除注册receiver
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
	unregisterReceiver(receiver);
	super.onDestroy();
}

(3).有序广播

/*
 * 按照接收者的优先级顺序接收广播,取值范围为1000到-1000,值越大,优先级越高,安卓系统关键接收者默认为0,
 * 优先级可以在xml文件的intent-filter标签中的 priority 中声明。
 */
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	public void click(View view){
		Intent intent = new Intent();
		intent.setAction("com.baidu.smsreceiver");
		//1.1.发送一个有序广播
		sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, receiverPermission);
		//1.2.发送一条有序广播,为该广播添加一些属性,resultReceiver为最终执行的接收者,即使abortBroadcast();也要执行
		sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, receiverPermission, resultReceiver, scheduler, initialCode, initialData, initialExtras)
	}
}
public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		Object[] objs = (Object[]) intent.getExtras().get("pdus");
		for(Object obj: objs){
			SmsMessage smsMessage = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[])obj);
			String content = smsMessage.getMessageBody();
			String number = smsMessage.getOriginatingAddress();
		}
		abortBroadcast();//终止向下一个接收者传递
	}
}
有序广播可以终止,无序的广播不可以终止!

4.注册广播

(1).静态注册

<!-- 在项目清单文件中注册 -->
<receiver android:name=".SmsReceiver" >
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/>
    </intent-filter>
</receiver>

(2).动态注册

查看上面的一步广播,注意:注册之后,在当前activity销毁时在onDestroy()中解除注册

使用动态注册的生命周期与应用相关,而静态注册则周期更长,即使应用没有被启动,在监听到需要接收的广播时,也可以接收!

5.自定义permission

//	1.sendBroadcast一个广播并接收一个使用权限
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		
	}
	public void click(View view){
		Toast.makeText(this, "Ok~!!~", 1).show();
		Intent intent = new Intent();
		intent.setAction("com.baidu.smsreceiver");
		sendBroadcast(intent, "baidu.permission");	//为该广播添加一个权限,但需要在该项目的项目清单文件中定义及添加权限
	}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.baidu.smstest"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
<!-- 2.在本应用中定义一个permission -->
    <!-- 出示该permission -->
    <permission android:name="baidu.permission" android:protectionLevel="dangerous"/>
    <!-- 使用该permission -->
    <uses-permission android:name="baidu.permission"/>
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
    </application>

</manifest>
//	3.接收者继承BroadcastReceiver,覆写onReceive方法
public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		// ...
	}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.testreceiver"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
<!-- 4.接收者项目清单文件定义以出示该权限 -->
    <permission android:name="baidu.permission" android:protectionLevel="dangerous"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="baidu.permission"/>
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <!-- permission属性和指定级别 -->
        <receiver android:name=".TextReceiver" android:permission="baidu.permission">
            <intent-filter android:priority="800">
                <action android:name="com.baidu.smsreceiver"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>

</manifest>

6.应用

(1).短信窃听器

/*
* 1.继承BroadcastReceiver,覆写onReceive方法
*/
public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		//	1.1接收到短信信息,get("pdus"),可能包含多条短信信息,故用数组表示
		Object[] objs = (Object[]) intent.getExtras().get("pdus");
		for(Object obj: objs){
		//	1.2转换为每条短信的byte[] 得到smsMessage对象
			SmsMessage smsMessage = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[])obj);
		//	1.3对短信操作,获得关键数据
			String content = smsMessage.getMessageBody();		//短信内容
			String number = smsMessage.getOriginatingAddress();	//短信号码
			if("110".equals(number)){
				abortBroadcast();								//终止广播向下传递
				SmsManager manager = SmsManager.getDefault();	//得到Sms短信管理器
				//转发一条短信,需要声明权限
				manager.sendTextMessage("5556", null, "Kill", null, null);
			}
			System.out.println("content="+content);
			System.out.println("number="+number);
		}
		Toast.makeText(context, "OK!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
	}
}
<!-- 2.在项目清单文件中配置接收者, 及出示可能需要的权限 -->
<!-- 接收短信权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS"/>
<!-- 发送短信权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/>
<application
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
    
    <!-- 广播接收者声明 -->
    <receiver android:name=".SmsReceiver" >
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/>
        </intent-filter>
    </receiver>
</application>

(2).电话拨打器

public class TextReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
	@Override
	public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
		//得到拨打电话号码
		String number = getResultData();
		//处理拨打的电话号码
		setResultData("010"+number);
		System.out.println(number);
	}

}
<!-- 出示处理外来电话的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS"/>
<application
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
    android:label="@string/app_name"
    android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
    <receiver android:name=".TextReceiver">
        <intent-filter android:priority="800">
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.NEW_OUTGOING_CALL"/>
        </intent-filter>
    </receiver>
</application>

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