Hibernate学习(3)框架简述


Hibernate的核心组件
在基于MVC设计模式的JAVA WEB应用中,Hibernate可以作为模型层/数据访问层。它通过配置文件(hibernate.properties或hibernate.cfg.xml)和映射文件(***.hbm.xml)把JAVA对象或PO(Persistent Object,持久化对象)映射到数据库中的数据库,然后通过操作PO,对数据表中的数据进行增,删,改,查等操作。
除配置文件,映射文件和持久化类外,Hibernate的核心组件包括以下几部分:
a)Configuration类:用来读取Hibernate配置文件,并生成SessionFactory对象。
b)SessionFactory接口:产生Session实例工厂。
c)Session接口:用来操作PO。它有get(),load(),save(),update()和delete()等方法用来对PO进行加载,保存,更新及删除等操作。它是Hibernate的核心接口。
d)Query接口:用来对PO进行查询操。它可以从Session的createQuery()方法生成。
e)Transaction接口:用来管理Hibernate事务,它主要方法有commit()和rollback(),可以从Session的beginTrancation()方法生成。

Persistent Object
持久化对象可以是普通的Javabeans,惟一特殊的是它们与(仅一个)Session相关联。JavaBeans在Hibernate中存在三种状态:
1.临时状态(transient):当一个JavaBean对象在内存中孤立存在,不与数据库中的数据有任何关联关系时,那么这个JavaBeans对象就称为临时对象(Transient Object)。
2.持久化状态(persistent):当一个JavaBean对象与一个Session相关联时,就变成持久化对象(Persistent Object)
3.脱管状态(detached):在这个Session被关闭的同时,这个对象也会脱离持久化状态,就变成脱管状态(Detached Object),可以被应用程序的任何层自由使用,例如可以做与表示层打交道的数据舆对象(Data Transfer Object)。

Hibernate的运行过程
Hibernate的运行过程如下:
A:应用程序先调用Configration类,该类读取Hibernate的配置文件及映射文件中的信息,并用这些信息生成一个SessionFactpry对象。
B:然后从SessionFactory对象生成一个Session对象,并用Session对象生成Transaction对象;可通过Session对象的get(),load(),save(),update(),delete()和saveOrUpdate()等方法对PO进行加载,保存,更新,删除等操作;在查询的情况下,可通过Session对象生成一个Query对象,然后利用Query对象执行查询操作;如果没有异常,Transaction对象将 提交这些操作结果到数据库中。

Hibernate的运行过程如下图:
Hibernate学习(3)框架简述_第1张图片

Hibernate简单示例:
数据:

create  table T_register
(
    id     int  primary  key,
    userName  varchar( 30),
    userPwd  varchar( 30),
    sex  varchar( 10),
    age  int
)


视图层:注册页面register.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GBK"
    pageEncoding="GBK"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GBK">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

<form action="servlet/RegisterServlet" method="POST">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="userName" /><BR>
    密  码:<input type="text" name="userPwd" /><BR>
    性  别:<input type="text" name="sex" /><BR>
    年  龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><BR>
    <input type="submit" value="save" />
</form>
</body>
</html>


设计持久化类TRegister.java

package hibernate.PO;
/**
 * 持久化类
 */

public class TRegister  implements java.io.Serializable {


    // Fields    

     private Integer id;
     private String userName;
     private String userPwd;
     private String sex;
     private Integer age;


    // Constructors

    /** default constructor */
    public TRegister() {
    }

    /** minimal constructor */
    public TRegister(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    
    /** full constructor */
    public TRegister(Integer id, String userName, String userPwd, String sex, Integer age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.userName = userName;
        this.userPwd = userPwd;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.age = age;
    }

   
    // Property accessors

    public Integer getId() {
        return this.id;
    }
    
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return this.userName;
    }
    
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getUserPwd() {
        return this.userPwd;
    }
    
    public void setUserPwd(String userPwd) {
        this.userPwd = userPwd;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return this.sex;
    }
    
    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return this.age;
    }
    
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}
设计Hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml 

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools.                   -->
<hibernate-configuration>

<session-factory>
    <property name="connection.username">root</property>
    <property name="connection.url">
        jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/study
    </property>
    <property name="dialect">
        org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect
    </property>
    <property name="myeclipse.connection.profile">MySQL5.0</property>
    <property name="connection.password">root</property>
    <property name="connection.driver_class">
        org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
    </property>
    <property name="show_sql">true</property>
    <mapping resource="hibernate/PO/TRegister.hbm.xml" />

</session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>
设计映射文件TRegister.hbm.xml 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 
    Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse - Hibernate Tools
-->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="hibernate.PO.TRegister" table="t_register">
        <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="id" />
            <!-- 我在MYSQL中并没有设置该字段递增,但在Hibernate中依然可以设置为递增 -->
            <generator class="increment" />
        </id>
        <property name="userName" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="userName" length="30" />
        </property>
        <property name="userPwd" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="userPwd" length="30" />
        </property>
        <property name="sex" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="sex" length="10" />
        </property>
        <property name="age" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="age" />
        </property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

设计hibernate基础类HibernateUtil.java 


package hibernate;
/**
 * hibernate 基础类
 * @author fengyan
 * date 2007-01-09 02:32
 */
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class HibernateUtil {
    
    private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    
    static
    {
        try
        {
            Configuration config = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate/hibernate.cfg.xml");
            sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory();
        }
        catch(Throwable e)
        {
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
        }
    }
    
    public static final ThreadLocal session = new ThreadLocal();
    
    public static Session currentSession() throws HibernateException
    {
        Session s = (Session)session.get();
        //Open a new Session,if this Thread has none yet
        if(s == null || !s.isOpen())
        {
            s = sessionFactory.openSession();
            session.set(s);
        }
        return s;
    }
    
    public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException
    {
        Session s = (Session)session.get();
        session.set(null);
        if(s != null)
            s.close();
    }
}



设计控制类

package hibernate.servlet;
/**
 * @author fengyan
 * date  2007-01-09 02:44
 * 设计Hibernate控制类
 */
import hibernate.HibernateUtil;
import hibernate.PO.TRegister;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {

    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html;charset=GBK";
    public void init() throws ServletException {
        // Put your code here
    }
    public void destroy() {
        super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
        // Put your code here
    }

    
    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        response.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE);
        request.setCharacterEncoding("GBK");
        
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        
        String userName = request.getParameter("userName");
        String userPwd = request.getParameter("userPwd");
        String sex = request.getParameter("sex");
        int age = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("age"));
        
        TRegister rg = new TRegister();
        rg.setAge(age);
        rg.setSex(sex);
        rg.setUserName(userName);
        rg.setUserPwd(userPwd);
        
        Session session = HibernateUtil.currentSession();//生成Session实例
        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
        
        try
        {
            session.save(rg);    //保存持久类对象
            tx.commit();        //提交到数据库
            session.close();
            response.sendRedirect("registerOK.jsp");
        }
        catch(HibernateException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
            tx.rollback();
        }
        
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request,response);
        
    }
}


编译----->打包----->运行----->OK! 


本文借鉴:http://www.cnblogs.com/eflylab/archive/2007/01/09/615338.html


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