深入理解java虚拟机(一):java内存区域(内存结构划分)
深入理解java虚拟机(二):java内存溢出实战
深入理解java虚拟机(三):String.intern()-字符串常量池
深入理解java虚拟机(四):对象存活判定算法和垃圾收集算法
深入理解java虚拟机(五):hotspot垃圾收集算法实现
深入理解java虚拟机(六):java垃圾收集分析实战(内存分配与回收策略)
深入理解java虚拟机(七):java垃圾收集分析总结
深入理解java虚拟机(八):java内存分析工具-MAT和OQL
看源码:
public native String intern();
Returns a canonical representation for the string object.
A pool of strings, initially empty, is maintained privately by the class String.
When the intern method is invoked, if the pool already contains a string equal to this String object as determined by the equals(Object) method, then the string from the pool is returned. Otherwise, this String object is added to the pool and a reference to this String object is returned.
It follows that for any two strings s and t, s.intern() == t.intern() is true if and only if s.equals(t) is true.
All literal strings and string-valued constant expressions are interned. String literals are defined in §3.10.5 of the Java Language Specification
Returns:
a string that has the same contents as this string, but is guaranteed to be from a pool of unique strings.
意思是说当调用 intern 方法时,如果池已经包含一个等于此 String 对象的字符串(该对象由 equals(Object) 方法确定),则返回池中的字符串。否则,将此 String 对象添加到池中,并且返回此 String 对象的引用。
看下面这段代码:
public class StringInternTest { public static void main(String[] args) { String str1 = new StringBuilder("chaofan").append("wei").toString(); System.out.println(str1.intern() == str1); String str2 = new StringBuilder("ja").append("va").toString(); System.out.println(str2.intern() == str2); } }
有图可知,当在jdk1.6中运行时,会得到两个false,而在jdk1.7中运行,会得到一个true和一个false。
产生的差异在于在jdk1.6中 intern 方法会把首次遇到的字符串实例复制到永久待(常量池)中,并返回此引用;但在jdk1.7中,只是会把首次遇到的字符串实例的引用添加到常量池中(没有复制),并返回此引用。
所以在jdk1.7中执行上面代码,str1返回true是引用他们指向的都是str1对象(堆中)(池中不存在,返回原引用),而str2返回false是因为池中已经存在"java"了(关键词),所以返回的池的对象,因此不相等。
看下面实例:
@Test public void test3(){ String str1 = "a"; String str2 = "b"; String str3 = "ab"; String str4 = str1 + str2; String str5 = new String("ab"); System.out.println(str5.equals(str3));//true System.out.println(str5 == str3);//false System.out.println(str5.intern() == str3);//true System.out.println(str5.intern() == str4);//false } @Test public void test4(){ String a = new String("ab"); String b = new String("ab"); String c = "ab"; String d = "a" + "b"; String e = "b"; String f = "a" + e; System.out.println(b.intern() == a);//fasle System.out.println(b.intern() == c);//true System.out.println(b.intern() == d);//true 编译期d已确定(修改、赋值)为ab System.out.println(b.intern() == f);//false System.out.println(b.intern() == a.intern());//true } @Test public void test5(){ // 编译期已确定 String a = "abc"; String b = "abc"; String c = "a" + "b" + "c"; String d = "a" + "bc"; String e = "ab" + "c"; System.out.println(a == b);//true System.out.println(a == c);//true System.out.println(a == d);//true System.out.println(a == e);//true System.out.println(c == d);//true System.out.println(c == e);//true }