1.Servlet、Filter、Listener无需在web.xml中进行配置,可以通过Annotation进行配置;
2.模块化编程,即将各个Servlet模块化,将配置文件也分开配置。
3.Servlet异步处理,应对复杂业务处理;
4.异步Listener,对于异步处理的创建、完成等进行监听;
5. 文件上传API简化;
tomcat 7.0.X 支持Servlet 3.0
原本Servlet开发完后,必须在web.xml中配置如下代码:
<servlet> <servlet-name></servlet-name> <servler-class></servlet-class> <load-on-startup></load-on-startup> <init-param> <param-name></param-name> <param-value></param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name></servlet-name> <url-pattern></url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
现在只需要在java源文件的Servlet类前面加上:
@WebServlet(name="",urlPatterns={""},initParams={@WebInitParam(name="",value=""),loadOnStartup=1})
public class FirstServlet extends HttpServlet{}
代码示例:
实现一个最简单的Servlet。
package org.servlet; import java.io.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.annotation.*; /* name == <servlet-name> urlPatterns == <url-pattern>, loadOnStartup == <load-on-startup> initParam == <init-param> name == <param-name> value == <param-value> */ @WebServlet(name="HelloServlet" ,urlPatterns={"/HelloServlet"},loadOnStartup=1, initParams={ @WebInitParam(name="name",value="xiazdong"), @WebInitParam(name="age",value="20") }) public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet{ public void init(ServletConfig config)throws ServletException{ super.init(config); } public void service(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException,IOException{ request.setCharacterEncoding("GBK"); ServletConfig config = getServletConfig(); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("<html>"); out.println("<body>"); out.println("Hello world"+"<br />"); out.println(config.getInitParameter("name")); out.println("</body>"); out.println("</html>"); } }
这样的话只需要将class文件放入WEB-INF\classes 中,不需要再web.xml中作任何改动就完成部署;
原本Filter的配置如下:
<filter> <filter-name></filter-name> <filter-class></filter-class> <filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name></filter-name> <url-pattern></url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
现在只需要在java源文件的Filter类前面加上
@WebFilter(filterName="",urlPattern={"/"});
原本在web.xml中配置如下:
<listener> <listener-class></listener-class> </listener>
现在只需要在java源文件的Listener类前面加上@WebListener即可;
原本一个web应用的任何配置都需要在web.xml中进行,因此会使得web.xml变得很混乱,而且灵活性差,因此Servlet 3.0可以将每个Servlet、Filter、Listener打成jar包,然后放在WEB-INF\lib中;注意各自的模块都有各自的配置文件,这个配置文件的名称为 web-fragment.xml ;
制作一个Servlet模块的步骤:
1.编写Servlet,并编译;
2.将此编译class文件及所在包通过jar包命令打成jar包;
3.将此jar包用winrar打开,并将其中的META-INF中的manifest删除并添加 web-fragment.xml;
4.将此jar包放入WEB-INF\lib中即可;
web-fragment.xml注意点:
1.根元素为<web-fragment>;
2.<name></name>表示模块名称;
3.<ordering></ordering>是此模块的加载顺序;
4.<before><others/></before>表示第一个加载;
5.<after><name>A</name></after>表示比A后面加载;
6.可以在里面部署listener、filter、servlet
当然可以不设置任何的模块加载顺序;
代码示例:
配置两个listener模块;
FirstListener.java
package org.listener; import javax.servlet.annotation.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.*; import java.util.*; import java.sql.*; import javax.naming.*; public class FirstListener implements ServletRequestListener{ public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent event){ System.out.println("FirstListener created"); } public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent event){ System.out.println("FirstListener destroyed"); } }
FirstListener 的 web-fragment.xml内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <web-fragment xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee <A href="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"">http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <name>FirstListener</name> <listener> <listener-class>org.listener.FirstListener</listener-class> </listener> <ordering> <before> <others/> </before> </ordering> </web-fragment>
SecondListener.java
package org.listener; import javax.servlet.annotation.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.*; import java.util.*; import java.sql.*; import javax.naming.*; public class SecondListener implements ServletRequestListener{ public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent event){ System.out.println("SecondListener created");
} public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent event){ System.out.println("SecondListener destroyed"); } }
SecondListener的 web-fragment.xml内容是:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <web-fragment xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee <A href="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"">http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <name>SecondListener</name> <listener>
<listener-class>org.listener.SecondListener</listener-class> </listener> <ordering> <after> <name>FirstListener</name> </after> </ordering> </web-fragment>
然后分别打成jar包,放入 WEB-INF\lib中即可;
随便访问一个web应用,然后发现 tomcat控制台输出:
看出先加载FirstListener,再加载SecondListener;
Servlet在MVC中作为控制器,控制器负责分发任务给MODEL完成,然后把结果交给JSP显示;
而如果有许多MODEL,其中有一个MODEL处理时间很长,则会导致整个页面的显示很慢;
异步处理关键点:将复杂业务处理另外开一个线程,而Servlet将执行好的业务先送往jsp输出,等到耗时业务做完后再送往JSP页面;
一句话:先显示一部分,再显示一部分;
异步处理Servlet的注意点是:
1.需要在Annotation中注明 asyncSupported=true;
package org.sync; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.annotation.*; import java.io.*; @WebServlet(name="AsyncServlet",urlPatterns={"/AsyncServlet"},asyncSupported=true) public class AsyncServlet extends HttpServlet{ public void service(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException,IOException{ request.setCharacterEncoding("GBK"); response.setContentType("text/html;charset=GBK"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("<html>"); out.println("<body>"); out.println("====页面开始====<hr />"); AsyncContext actx = request.startAsync(); actx.setTimeout(30*3000); actx.start(new MyThread(actx)); out.println("====页面结束====<hr />"); out.println("</body>"); out.println("</html>"); out.flush(); } } class MyThread implements Runnable{ private AsyncContext actx; public MyThread(AsyncContext actx){ this.actx = actx; } public void run(){ try{ Thread.sleep(5*1000); //消耗5秒 actx.dispatch("/1.jsp"); } catch(Exception e){} } }
1.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GBK" pageEncoding="GBK" session="false"%> <html> <body> <% out.println("======复杂业务方法===="); %> </body> </html>
异步监听器用来监听异步处理事件;即“三”中讲到的知识点;
此监听器类似于ServletContextListener的机制;
只需要实现AsyncListener接口即可;
此接口有4个方法:
public void onStartAsync(AsyncEvent event)throws IOException;
public void onComplete(AsyncEvent event);
public void onTimeout(AsyncEvent event);
public void onError(AsyncEvent event);
以下是监听器实现的代码:
package org.listener; import javax.servlet.annotation.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.*; import java.util.*; import java.sql.*; import javax.naming.*; import java.io.*; public class MyListener implements AsyncListener{ public void onStartAsync(AsyncEvent event)throws IOException{} public void onComplete(AsyncEvent event){ System.out.println("-----------------------Complete"); } public void onTimeout(AsyncEvent event){ } public void onError(AsyncEvent event){} }
在Servlet异步处理处添加:
actx.addListener(new MyListener());就可以添加监听器,每当异步处理完成时就会触发onComplete()事件,输出Complete;
原本文件上传时通过 common-fileupload或者SmartUpload,上传比较麻烦,在Servlet 3.0 中不需要导入任何第三方jar包,并且提供了很方便进行文件上传的功能;
注意点:
1. html中 <input type="file">表示文件上传控件;
2. form的 enctype="multipart/form-data";
3.在Servlet类前加上 @MultipartConfig
4.request.getPart()获得;
下面是一个文件上传的例子:
upload.html
<html> <body> <form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="upload"> <input type="file" id="file" name="file"/> <input type="text" id="name" name="name"/> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </form> </body> </html>
UploadServlet.java
package org.servlet; import java.io.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.annotation.*; @WebServlet(name="UploadServlet" ,urlPatterns={"/upload"}) @MultipartConfig public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet{ public void init(ServletConfig config)throws ServletException{ super.init(config); } public void service(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException,IOException{ Part part = request.getPart("file"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("此文件的大小:"+part.getSize()+"<br />"); out.println("此文件类型:"+part.getContentType()+"<br />"); out.println("文本框内容:"+request.getParameter("name")+"<br />"); out.println(UploadUtil.getFileName(part)+"<br />"); part.write("F:\\1."+UploadUtil.getFileType(part)); } }
UploadUtil.java
由于在Servlet 3.0中很难获取上传文件的类型,因此我写了两个工具类,可以方便开发;
/** * 此工具类只适用于Servlet 3.0 * 为了弥补 Servlet 3.0 文件上传时获取文件类型的困难问题 * * @author xiazdong */ import javax.servlet.http.*; public class UploadUtil{ public static String getFileType(Part p){ String name = p.getHeader("content-disposition"); String fileNameTmp = name.substring(name.indexOf("filename=")+10); String type = fileNameTmp.substring(fileNameTmp.indexOf(".")+1,fileNameTmp.indexOf("\"")); return type; } public static String getFileName(Part p){ String name = p.getHeader("content-disposition"); String fileNameTmp = name.substring(name.indexOf("filename=")+10); String fileName = fileNameTmp.substring(0,fileNameTmp.indexOf("\"")); return fileName; } }