课程设计~学生信息管理系统代码

/*************************************************
*版权所有 （C）2015 zhoukaixuan
*文件名称：学生信息管理系统.cpp
*文件标示：无
*功能：增添新键数据、修改删除数据、查询统计数据
*作者：周凯璇
*当前版本：v1.0
*完成日期：2015.11.24
************************************************/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <windows.h>
# define LEN sizeof(struct Student)
using namespace std;
struct Student                /*构建结构体*/
{
char num[12];
char name[20];
char sex[10];
int  age;
char phone[12];
char Email[12];
struct Student *next;
};
char filename[90];

/***********************************************************
*功能：生成链表
*输入：结构体各个信息
************************************************************/

struct Student *Creat(int n)
{
	void menu_print_in(void);
	struct Student *head;
	struct Student *p1, *p2;
	system("cls");
	for(int i=1;i<n+1;i++)
    {
		p1 = (struct Student*)malloc(LEN);  //将返回的指针强制转换
		menu_print_in();
		cin>>p1->num>>p1->name>>p1->sex>>p1->age>>p1->phone>>p1->Email;
		p1->next = NULL;
		if(i==1)
        {
			head = p2 = p1;
		}
		else
		{
			p2->next = p1;
			p2 = p1;
		}
	}
	return(head);
}
/***********************************************************

功能：数据存盘（wb，ab追加）
声明FILE指向FILe类型文件通过使用fopen、fclose和fwrite函数存盘
实现文件的存储。
**********************************************************/

void WriteData_wb(struct Student *head)
{
	FILE *fp;
	struct Student *p;
	if((fp = fopen(filename, "wb"))==NULL)    //只写打开或新建一个二进制文件；只允许写数据。
	printf("不能打开此文件!");
	p = head;
	while(p!=NULL)
    {
		if(fwrite(p,LEN,1,fp)!=1)
        {
			printf("写入数据出错\n");
			fclose(fp);                       //关闭文件
			return;
		}
		p=p->next;
	}
	fclose(fp);
}
void WriteData_ab(struct Student *head)
{
	FILE *fp;
	struct Student *p;
	if((fp = fopen(filename, "ab"))==NULL)     //读写打开一个二进制文件，允许读或在文件末追加数据
	printf("错误，不能读取文件");
	p = head;
	while(p!=NULL)
    {
	if(fwrite(p,LEN,1,fp)!=1)
	{
			printf("写入数据出错\n");
			fclose(fp);
			return;
    }
		p=p->next;
	}
	fclose(fp);
}

/*读取数据文件保存到链表中 ，返回指向此链表头指针*/
struct Student *ReadData(void)
{
	struct Student *head = NULL;
	struct Student *p1, *p2;
	FILE *fp;
	if((fp=fopen(filename,"rb+"))==NULL)//打开一个二进制文件
	{
		printf("打开文件出错\n");
		exit(0);
	}
	while(!feof(fp))
    {
		if((p1=(struct Student*)malloc(LEN))==NULL)
		{
			printf("申请出错\n");
			fclose(fp);
			exit(0);
		}
		if(fread(p1,LEN,1,fp)!=1)
		{
			free(p1);
			break;
		}
		if(head==NULL)
		head=p2=p1;
		else
		{
			p2->next=p1;
			p2=p1;
		}
	}
	fclose(fp);
	return (head);
}
/*全部显示*/
void Print_inquire_all(void)
{
	void menu_print_out(void);
	struct Student *pt;
	pt = ReadData();
	menu_print_out();
	do
    {
		cout<<pt->num<<" "<<pt->name<<" "<<pt->sex<<" "<<pt->age<<" "<<pt->phone<<" "<<pt->Email<<" "<<endl;
		pt = pt->next;
	}
	while(pt!=NULL);
	printf("\n");
}

/*按学号查询*/
int Print_inquire_num()
{
	void menu_print_out(void);
	struct Student *pt;
	char str_num[10];
	printf("请输入学号:");
    cin>>str_num;
	pt = ReadData();
	menu_print_out();
	do
    {
		if(strcmp(pt->num,str_num)==0)
		{
			cout<<pt->num<<" "<<pt->name<<" "<<pt->sex<<" "<<pt->age<<" "<<pt->phone<<" "<<pt->Email;
			printf("\n");
			return 0;
		}
		pt = pt->next;
	}
	while(pt!=NULL);
	printf("没有存储要查询的数据！\n");
	printf("\n");
	return 0;
}
/*按姓名查询*/
int Print_inquire_name()
{
	void menu_print_out(void);
	struct Student *pt;
	char str_name[20];
	printf("输入要查询的姓名:");
    cin>>str_name;
	pt = ReadData();
	menu_print_out();
	do
    {
		if(strcmp(pt->name,str_name)==0)
		{
			cout<<pt->num<<" "<<pt->name<<" "<<pt->sex<<" "<<pt->age<<" "<<pt->phone<<" "<<pt->Email;
			printf("\n");
			return 0;
		}
		pt = pt->next;
	}while(pt!=NULL);
	printf("没有存储要查询的数据！\n");
	printf("\n");
	return 0;
}
/*模糊查询*/
int Print_inquire_fuzzy(void)
{
	void menu_print_out(void);
	struct Student *pt;
	char str_find[20];
	int m = 0;
	printf("输入要查询的关键词:");
	scanf("%s", str_find);
	pt = ReadData();
	menu_print_out();
	do
    {
		if(strstr(pt->num,str_find)!=0||strstr(pt->name,str_find)!=0    //判断是否为首址
		||strstr(pt->sex,str_find)!=0||strstr(pt->phone,str_find)!=0
		||strstr(pt->Email,str_find)!=0)
		{
			cout<<pt->num<<" "<<pt->name<<" "<<pt->sex<<" "<<pt->age<<" "<<pt->phone<<" "<<pt->Email<<endl;
			m = 1;
		}
		pt = pt->next;
	}
	while(pt!=NULL);
	if(!m)
		printf("没有存储要查询的数据！\n");
	printf("\n");
	return 0;
}


/*删除*/
int Delete()
{
	struct Student *pt1, *pt2, *head;
	char str_num[20];
	printf("\n输入要删除的学号:");
	scanf("%s", str_num);
	pt1 = ReadData();
	pt2 = pt1->next;
	head = pt1;
	while(pt2!=NULL)
    {
		if(strcmp(pt1->num,str_num)==0)
		{
			WriteData_wb(pt2);
		}
		else if(strcmp(pt2->num,str_num)==0)
		{
			pt1->next = pt2->next;
			WriteData_wb(head);
		}
		pt2 = pt2->next;
		pt1 = pt1->next;
	}
	if(pt2!=NULL)
	printf("没有存储要删除的数据！\n");
	printf("\n\n");
	return 0;
}

/*修改记录*/
int alter()
{
	void menu_print_in(void);
	struct Student *pt1, *pt2, *head;
	char str_num[20];
	printf("请输入要修改的学号:");
	scanf("%s", str_num);
	pt1 = ReadData();
	pt2 = pt1->next;
	head = pt1;
	while(pt2!=NULL)
    {
		if(strcmp(pt1->num,str_num)==0)
		{
			menu_print_in();
			cin>>pt1->num>>pt1->name>>pt1->sex>>pt1->age>>pt1->phone>>pt1->Email;
			WriteData_wb(head);
		}
		else if(strcmp(pt2->num,str_num)==0)
		{
			menu_print_in();
			cin>>pt2->num>>pt2->name>>pt2->sex>>pt2->age>>pt2->phone>>pt2->Email;
			WriteData_wb(head);
		}
		pt2 = pt2->next;
		pt1 = pt1->next;
	}
	if(pt2!=NULL)
	printf("没有存储要删除的数据！\n");
	return 0;
}
/*输入写入数据的数量*/
int Creat_num(void)
{
	printf("请输入您此次要添加的数据个数:");
	int n;
	if(scanf("%d", &n)!=1)
    {
		printf("错误!");
	}
	return n;
}
/*选择将要打开的文件*/
int File_name()
{
	printf("\n输入要打开或创建的文件名称:");
	if(scanf("%s", filename)!=1)
	printf("错误");
	return 0;
}

/*主菜单*/
void menu(void)
{
    cout<<"********************************************************************************"<<endl;
    cout<<"*****************************学生信息管理系统***********************************"<<endl;
	void menu_add(void);
	void menu_inquire(void);
	void menu_amend(void);
	printf("                ===========学生信息管理系统V1.0===========  \n");
	printf("               ==                                        == \n");
	printf("               == 【1】添加数据           【3】修改数据  == \n");
	printf("               ==                                        == \n");
	printf("               == 【2】查询数据           【4】退出系统  == \n");
	printf("               ==                                        == \n");
	printf("               ============================================ \n");
	printf("               请输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\b\b");
	int a = 0;
	a = getchar();
	while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3'&&a!='4')
    {
		printf("          错误，请输入正确代码\n");
		putchar('\a');
		getchar();
		printf("          重新输入序号进入:【   】\b\b");
		a = getchar();
	}
	switch(a)
	{
		case '1': File_name();menu_add();
		break;
		case '2': File_name();menu_inquire();
		break;
		case '3': File_name();menu_amend();
		break;
		case '4': exit(0);
		break;
	}
	getchar();
}

/*添加数据*/
void menu_add(void)
{
	system("cls");
	getchar();
	printf("              =================添加数据方式=============\n");
	printf("            ===                                        ===\n");
	printf("            === 【1】新建文件            【2】添加数据=== \n");
	printf("            ===              【3】返回菜单             ===\n");
	printf("            ===============================================  \n");
	printf("            = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =  \n");
	printf("            请输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\b\b");
	int a = 0;
	a = getchar();
	while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3')
    {
		printf("             错误！请输入正确编码。");
		putchar('\a');
		getchar();
		printf("             重新输入序号进入:【   】\b\b");
		a = getchar();
	}
	switch(a)
	{
		case '1': WriteData_wb(Creat(Creat_num()));
		 printf("\n        新建文件成功，数据已成功保存\n");
			 system("pause");
		 system("cls");
		 menu_add();
		break;
		case '2': WriteData_ab(Creat(Creat_num()));
			 printf("        数据已成功添加");
			 system("pause");
		 system("cls");
		 menu_add();
		break;
		case '3': system("cls");
		 getchar();
		 menu();
		break;
	}
}

/*查询数据*/
void menu_inquire(void)
{
	system("cls");
	getchar();
	while(1)
    {
	system("cls");
	printf("             =========================================  \n");
	printf("           ===            查询数据方式               ===\n");
	printf("           ===                                       ===\n");
	printf("           === 【1】学号查询         【3】模糊查询   ===\n");
	printf("           ===                                       ===\n");
	printf("           ===            【4】全部显示              ===\n");
	printf("           ===                                       ===\n");
	printf("           === 【2】姓名查询         【5】返回菜单   ===\n");
	printf("           =========================================   \n");
	printf("           请输入序号进入:【   】\b\b");
	int a = 0;
	a = getchar();
	while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3'&&a!='3'&&a!='4'&&a!='5'&&a!='6')
        {
			printf("error! please input the right number!\n");
			putchar('\a');
			getchar();
			printf("重新输入序号进入:【   】\b\b");
			a = getchar();
		}
		switch(a)
		{
			case '1': Print_inquire_num();system("pause");getchar();
			break;
			case '2': Print_inquire_name();system("pause");getchar();
			break;
			case '3': Print_inquire_fuzzy();system("pause");getchar();;
			break;
			case '4':  Print_inquire_all();system("pause");getchar();;
			break;
			case '5': system("cls");getchar();menu();
			break;
		}
	}
}
/*修改数据*/
void menu_amend(void)
{
	system("cls");
	getchar();
	while(1)
    {
	system("cls");
	printf("           ==============================================\n");
	printf("           ==================修改数据====================\n");
	printf("           ====【1】删除记录          【2】修改记录====\n");
	printf("           ====                                    ====\n");
	printf("           ====                                    ====\n");
	printf("           ====          【3】返回菜单             ====\n");
	printf("           ==============================================");
	printf("\n");
	printf("           请输入序号:【   】\b\b");
	int a = 0;
	a = getchar();
	while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3'&&a!='4')
	{
		printf("       错误，请输入正确编码\n");
		putchar('\a');
		getchar();
		printf("       请重新输入功能前的序号进入相应的工具:【   】\b\b");
		a = getchar();
    }
		switch(a)
		{
			case '1': Delete();
			 printf("\n\n           已成功删除指定数据\n");
			 system("pause");
			 getchar();
			break;
			case '2': alter();
				 printf("\n\n       已成功修改指定数据\n");
			 system("pause");
				 getchar();
			break;
			case '3': system("cls");
			 getchar();
			 menu();
			break;
		}
	}
}

/*输入输出提示栏*/
void menu_print_in(void)
{
	printf("========================================================================\n");
	printf("学号      姓名     性别    出生日期          电话         E—mail              \n");
	printf("========================================================================\n");
}
void menu_print_out(void)
{
	printf("==========================================================================\n");
	printf("学号      姓名     性别    出生日期          电话         E—mail                 \n");
	printf("==========================================================================\n");
}
/*主函数*/
int main(void)
{
	SetConsoleTitle("学生信息管理系统");
	menu();
	return 0;
}