第一章移植内核
VERSION = 2
PATCHLEVEL = 6
SUBLEVEL = 29
EXTRAVERSION = .1
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处理器系统
适合的内核站点
下载方式
x86 http://www.kernel.org/ ftp, http, rsync
ARM http://www.arm.linux.org.uk/developer/ ftp, rsync
PowerPC http://penguinppc.org/ ftp, http, rsync, BitKeeper
MIPS http://www.linux-mips.org/ ftp, cvs
SuperH http://linuxsh.sourceforge.net/ cvs, BitKeeper
M68K http://linux-m68k.org/ ftp, http
non-MMU CPUs http://www.uclinux.org/ ftp, http
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execve("/sbin/init",argv_init,envp_init)
execve("/etc/init",argv_init,envp_init)
execve("/bin/init",argv_init,envp_init)
execve("/bin/sh",argv_init,envp_init)
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目录
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内容
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bin
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存放所有用户都可以使用的、基本的命令。
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sbin
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存放的是基本的系统命令,它们用于启动系统、修复系统等。
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usr
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里面存放的是共享、只读的程序和数据。
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proc
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这是个空目录,常作为
proc
文件系统的挂载点。
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dev
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该目录存放设备文件和其它特殊文件。
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etc
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存放系统配置文件,包括启动文件。
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lib
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存放共享库和可加载块
(
即驱动程序
)
,共享库用于启动系统、运行根文件系统中的可执行程序。
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boot
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引导加载程序使用的静态文件
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home
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用户主目录,包括供服务账号锁使用的主目录,如
FTP
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mnt
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用于临时挂接某个文件系统的挂接点,通常是空目录。也可以在里面创建空的子目录。
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opt
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给主机额外安装软件所摆放的目录。
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root
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root
用户的主目录
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tmp
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存放临时文件,通常是空目录。
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var
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存放可变的数据。
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#!/bin/sh
echo "------Create rootfs directons start...--------"
mkdir rootfs
cd rootfs
echo "--------Create root,dev....----------"
mkdir root dev etc boot tmp var sys proc lib mnt home
mkdir etc/init.d etc/rc.d etc/sysconfig
mkdir usr/sbin usr/bin usr/lib usr/modules
echo "make node in dev/console dev/null"
mknod -m 600 dev/console c 5 1
mknod -m 600 dev/null c 1 3
mkdir mnt/etc mnt/jffs2 mnt/yaffs mnt/data mnt/temp
mkdir var/lib var/lock var/run var/tmp
chmod 1777 tmp
chmod 1777 var/tmp
echo "-------make direction done---------"
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#etc/inittab
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
::askfirst:-/bin/sh
::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
::shutdown:/bin/umount -a –r
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#!/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
runlevel=S
prevlevel=N
umask 022
export PATH runlevel prevlevel
echo "----------munt all----------------"
mount -a
echo /sbin/mdev>/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
mdev -s
echo "***********************************************"
echo "****************Studying ARM*********************"
echo "Kernel version:linux-2.6.29.1"
echo "Student:Feng dong rui"
echo "Date:2009.07.15"
echo "***********************************************"
/bin/hostname -F /etc/sysconfig/HOSTNAME
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#device mount-point type option dump fsck order
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
none /tmp ramfs defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
mdev /dev ramfs defaults 0 0
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#Ash profile
#vim:syntax=sh
#No core file by defaults
#ulimit -S -c 0>/dev/null 2>&1
USER="id -un"
LOGNAME=$USER
PS1='[/u@/h=W]#'
PATH=$PATH
HOSTNAME='/bin/hostname'
export USER LOGNAME PS1 PATH
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VIVI version 0.1.4 (root@capcross) (gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 (release)) #0.1.4 Mon Oct 27 10:18:15 CST 2008
MMU table base address = 0x33DFC000
Succeed memory mapping.
DIVN_UPLL0
MPLLVal [M:7fh,P:2h,S:1h]
CLKDIVN:5h
+---------------------------------------------+
| S3C2440A USB Downloader ver R0.03 2004 Jan |
+---------------------------------------------+
USB: IN_ENDPOINT:1 OUT_ENDPOINT:3
FORMAT: <ADDR(DATA):4>+<SIZE(n+10):4>+<DATA:n>+<CS:2>
NOTE: Power off/on or press the reset button for 1 sec
in order to get a valid USB device address.
NAND device: Manufacture ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung K9D1208V0M)
Found saved vivi parameters.
Press Return to start the LINUX/Wince now, any other key for vivi
Copy linux kernel from 0x00050000 to 0x30008000, size = 0x00200000 ... done
zImage magic = 0x016f2818
Setup linux parameters at 0x30000100
linux command line is: "noinitrd root="/dev/mtdblock2" init="/linuxrc" console="ttySAC0""
MACH_TYPE = 362
NOW, Booting Linux......
Uncompressing Linux.......................................................................................................................... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.29.1 ([email protected]) (gcc version 4.3.2 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2008q3-72) ) #8 Sat Jul 18 10:37:22 CST 2009
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr="c0007177"
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: Study-S3C2440
ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; please update your bootloader.
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)
S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C244X: core 405.000 MHz, memory 101.250 MHz, peripheral 50.625 MHz
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256
Kernel command line: noinitrd root="/dev/mtdblock2" init="/linuxrc" console="ttySAC0"
irq: clearing pending status 02000000
irq: clearing subpending status 00000002
PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 1024 bytes)
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC0] enabled
Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 60876KB available (3536K code, 293K data, 136K init)
Calibrating delay loop... 201.93 BogoMIPS (lpj=504832)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
net_namespace: 296 bytes
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2410 Power Management, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C2440: Initialising architecture
S3C2440: IRQ Support
S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
DMA channel 0 at c4808000, irq 33
DMA channel 1 at c4808040, irq 34
DMA channel 2 at c4808080, irq 35
DMA channel 3 at c48080c0, irq 36
S3C244X: Clock Support, DVS off
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
TCP reno registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
NTFS driver 2.1.29 [Flags: R/O].
yaffs Jul 18 2009 10:31:41 Installing.
msgmni has been set to 119
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 30x40
fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer device
lp: driver loaded but no devices found
ppdev: user-space parallel port driver
Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
s3c2440-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440
brd: module loaded
loop: module loaded
dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.31
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver
ide-gd driver 1.18
ide-cd driver 5.00
Driver 'sd' needs updating - please use bus_type methods
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2440-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls="1", 9ns Twrph0=4 39ns, Twrph1=1 9ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
Scanning device for bad blocks
Creating 3 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x000000000000-0x000000030000 : "boot"
0x000000050000-0x000000250000 : "kernel"
0x000000250000-0x000003ffc000 : "kernel"
usbmon: debugfs is not available
ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor="1d6b", idProduct="0001"
usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr="3", Product="2", SerialNumber="1"
usb usb1: Product: S3C24XX OHCI
usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.29.1 ohci_hcd
usb usb1: SerialNumber: s3c24xx
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
usbcore: registered new interface driver libusual
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial
USB Serial support registered for generic
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic
usbserial: USB Serial Driver core
USB Serial support registered for FTDI USB Serial Device
usbcore: registered new interface driver ftdi_sio
ftdi_sio: v1.4.3:USB FTDI Serial Converters Driver
USB Serial support registered for pl2303
usbcore: registered new interface driver pl2303
pl2303: Prolific PL2303 USB to serial adaptor driver
s3c2410_udc: debugfs dir creation failed -19
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
i2c /dev entries driver
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 98 KHz
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled
TCP cubic registered
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2"
yaffs: passed flags ""
yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.2, "mtdblock2"
yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0
VFS: Mounted root (yaffs filesystem) on device 31:2.
Freeing init memory: 136K
----------munt all----------------
***********************************************
****************Studying ARM*********************
Kernel version:linux-2.6.29.1
Student:Feng dong rui
Date:2009.07.15
***********************************************
Please press Enter to activate this console.
[@MrFeng=W]#ls
bin etc linuxrc proc sys var
boot home lost+found root tmp www
dev lib mnt sbin usr
[@MrFeng=W]#
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