java单双派机制理解

引言:Java是一个支持双分派的单分派语言

知道java是支持后期动态绑定,也知道访问者模式,但是两者之间的关系,还真不知道,况且在这之间还有一个静态绑定。

1.动态绑定

class Father {
    public void method(){
        System.out.println("This is Father's method");
    }
}
 
class Son1 extends Father{
    public void method(){
        System.out.println("This is Son1's method");
    }
}
 
class Son2 extends Father{
    public void method(){
        System.out.println("This is Son2's method");
    }
}
 
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Father s1 = new Son1();
        s1.method();
 
        Father s2 = new Son2();
        s2.method();
    }
}

打印结果:

This is Son1′s method
This is Son2′s method

使用过java的,这上面的结果,都会不屑一顾。那么在看下面一个例子,反正我自己是傻眼了

2.静态绑定

class Father {
}

class Son1 extends Father {
}

class Son2 extends Father {
}

class Execute {
    public void method(Father father) {
        System.out.println("This is Father's method");
    }

    public void method(Son1 son) {
        System.out.println("This is Son1's method");
    }

    public void method(Son2 son) {
        System.out.println("This is Son2's method");
    }
}

很神奇的发现,打印了结果是这样

This is Father's method
This is Father's method
This is Father's method

对于重载,只是在编译的时候,就已经决定了。是根据申明对象来选择具体调用哪个重载的方法,因此才会全部调用父类的方法

当然,我们可以通过instanceof关键字来处理,但是这样,如果有较多子类,这样逻辑判断起来就会很别扭,而且没增加一个子类,都需要新增一个if else 否则,代码就会出现问题

这样,就明白了,引言说的,java是单派语言。那么如何理解,支持双派呢?答案在于java可以通过访问者模式来实现双派机制

首先,看下一个简单的例子

class Visitor_A {

    public void method1() {

        System.out.println("Visitor_A dosomething");
    }

    public void method2(Visitor_B b) {

        b.callA(this);

    }

}

class Visitor_B {


    public void callA(Visitor_A a) {

        a.method1();
    }
}



   public static void main(String[] args) {


        Visitor_A visitor_a = new Visitor_A();
        Visitor_B visitor_B = new Visitor_B();
        visitor_a.method1();
        visitor_B.callA(visitor_a);

}

上面,就是访问者模式的最基础形式,通过观察者B来访问A的接口,来实现双派能力,其实也是使用本质也是依赖了java的后期动态绑定机制能力

 

class Father {
    public void accept(Execute exe){
        exe.method(this);
    }
}
class Son1 extends Father{
    public void accept(Execute exe){
        exe.method(this);
    }
}
class Son2 extends Father{
    public void accept(Execute exe){
        exe.method(this);
    }
}
 
class Execute {
    public void method(Father father){
        System.out.println("This is Father's method");
    }
 
    public void method(Son1 son){
        System.out.println("This is Son1's method");
    }
 
    public void method(Son2 son){
        System.out.println("This is Son2's method");
    }
}
 
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Father father = new Father();
        Father s1 = new Son1();
        Father s2 = new Son2();
 
        Execute exe = new Execute();
        father.accept(exe);
        s1.accept(exe);
        s2.accept(exe);
    }
}

 

想了解更多理论讨论,可以移步这里:http://www.iteye.com/topic/1130764 

 

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