[C++/CLI编程宝典][6]IL中间语言

 

继续上节的ildasm.exe对main.exe的IL中间语言的分析。我们知道我们在main.exe中定义了NativeClass，ValueStruct和RefClass。下面我们将做类型与IL中间语言的一一对应：

 

1）NativeClass

C++/CLI代码：

Code
// 1 ISOC++
public class NativeClass
{
public:
    NativeClass(std::string str)
    {
        m_str = str;
        std::cout << "ISOC++ 本地类型构造！" << std::endl;
    }
    ~NativeClass()
    {
        std::cout << "ISOC++ 本地类型析构！" << std::endl << std::endl;
    }
    void Print()
    {
        std::cout << m_str << std::endl;
    }
private:
    std::string m_str;
};

 

IL中间代码:

NativeClass的定义：

上面我们看到了NativeClass的定义，他继承于System.ValueType，但是原本属于该类的成员现在都不在了，原因是ISOC++的class的成员被编译为IL中间代码后变为全局的静态成员，看下图：

2）ValueStruct

ValueStruct的定义：

Code
// 2 C++/CLI
value struct ValueStruct
{
    System::String^ m_str;
    ValueStruct(System::String^ str)
    {
        m_str = str;
        System::Console::WriteLine("托管value值类型构造！");
    }
    // 不能有析构函数
    //~ValueStruct()
    //{
    //    System::Console::WriteLine("托管value值类型析构！");
    //}
    void Print()
    {
        System::Console::WriteLine(m_str);
    }
};

 

IL中间代码：（可以看到ValueStruct继承于System.ValueType）

3）RefClass

RefClass的定义:

Code
// 3 C++/CLI
ref class RefClass
{
public:
    RefClass(System::String^ str)
    {
        m_str = str;
        System::Console::WriteLine();
        System::Console::WriteLine("托管ref引用类型构造！");
    }
    ~RefClass()
    {
        System::Console::WriteLine("托管ref引用类型析构！");
        System::Console::WriteLine();
    }
    void Print()
    {
        StartPrint();
        System::Console::WriteLine(m_str);
        EndPrint();
    }

    // 属性property，委托delegate和事件event
    property System::String^ Str
    {
        System::String^ get() { return m_str; }
        void set(System::String^ str) { m_str = str; }
    }

    delegate void PrintDelegate(void);
    event PrintDelegate^ StartPrint;
    event PrintDelegate^ EndPrint;

private:
    System::String^ m_str;    
};

 

IL中间代码: (可以看到RefClass继承于System.IDisposable)

4）main函数

main函数代码：

 

Code
void StartPrint()
{
    System::Console::WriteLine("Print开始事件，马上开始Print函数调用！");
}
void EndPrint()
{
    System::Console::WriteLine("Print结束事件，Print函数调用结束！");
}

void main()
{
    NativeClass* pNC = new NativeClass("你好，我是ISOC++本地类型！");
    pNC->Print();
    delete pNC;

    ValueStruct vs("你好，我是托管value值类型！");
    vs.Print();
    
    RefClass^ hRC = gcnew RefClass("你好，我是托管ref引用类型！");
    hRC->StartPrint += gcnew RefClass::PrintDelegate(StartPrint);
    hRC->EndPrint += gcnew RefClass::PrintDelegate(EndPrint);
    hRC->Print();
    hRC->Str = "你好，我是托管ref引用类型！现在正通过property属性修改成员feild字段！";
    hRC->Print();
    delete hRC; 

}

 

IL中间代码main的函数头(可以看到被编译为全局的静态函数)：

具体的main实现：

 

.method  assembly static  int32   modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallConvCdecl) 
        main()  cil   managed
{
  .vtentry  1  :  1
   //  Code size       200 (0xc8)
   .maxstack    3
   .locals  ( class  RefClass V_0,
           valuetype NativeClass* V_1,
            class  [mscorlib]System.IDisposable V_2,
           valuetype NativeClass* V_3,
           valuetype NativeClass* V_4,
           valuetype NativeClass*  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsConst)  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsConst) V_5,
            int32  V_6,
            void * V_7,
           valuetype NativeClass* V_8,
           valuetype std. ' basic_string<char,std::char_traits<char>,std::allocator<char> > ' *  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsConst)  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsConst) V_9,
           valuetype std. ' basic_string<char,std::char_traits<char>,std::allocator<char> > ' * V_10,
           valuetype ValueStruct V_11,
           valuetype std. ' basic_string<char,std::char_traits<char>,std::allocator<char> > '  V_12)
   IL_0000:    ldnull
   IL_0001:    stloc.0
   IL_0002:    ldc.i4.s     28
   IL_0004:    call         void *  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallConvCdecl)  new (uint32)
   IL_0009:    stloc.1
  .try
  {
     IL_000a:    ldloc.1
     IL_000b:    brfalse.s   IL_002b
     IL_000d:    ldloca.s    V_12
     IL_000f:    stloc.s     V_10
     IL_0011:    ldloc.s     V_10
     IL_0013:    ldsflda     valuetype  ' <CppImplementationDetails> ' .$ArrayType$$$BY0BL@$$CBD  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsConst)  ' ?A0x3ea463b6.unnamed-global-1 '
     IL_0018:    call        valuetype std. ' basic_string<char,std::char_traits<char>,std::allocator<char> > ' *  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallConvThiscall)  ' std.basic_string<char,std::char_traits<char>,std::allocator<char> >.{ctor} ' (valuetype std. ' basic_string<char,std::char_traits<char>,std::allocator<char> > ' *  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsConst)  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsConst),
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           int8   modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsSignUnspecifiedByte)  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsConst)*)
     IL_001d:    stloc.s     V_9
     IL_001f:    ldloc.1
     IL_0020:    ldloc.s     V_9
     IL_0022:    call        valuetype NativeClass*  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallConvThiscall)  ' NativeClass.{ctor} ' (valuetype NativeClass*  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsConst)  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsConst),
                                                                                                                                        valuetype std. ' basic_string<char,std::char_traits<char>,std::allocator<char> > '   modreq ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsCopyConstructed)*)
     IL_0027:    stloc.s     V_5
     IL_0029:    br.s        IL_002e
     IL_002b:    ldc.i4.0
     IL_002c:    stloc.s     V_5
     IL_002e:    ldloc.s     V_5
     IL_0030:    stloc.s     V_8
     IL_0032:    leave .s    IL_003b
  }   //  end .try
  fault
  {
     IL_0034:    ldloc.1
     IL_0035:    call         void   modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallConvCdecl) delete( void *)
     IL_003a:    endfinally
  }   //  end handler
   IL_003b:    ldloc.s     V_8
   IL_003d:    stloc.s     V_4
   IL_003f:    ldloc.s     V_4
   IL_0041:    call         void   modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallConvThiscall) NativeClass.Print(valuetype NativeClass*  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsConst)  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsConst))
   IL_0046:    ldloc.s     V_4
   IL_0048:    stloc.3
   IL_0049:    ldloc.3
   IL_004a:    brfalse.s   IL_0057
   IL_004c:    ldloc.3
   IL_004d:    ldc.i4.1
   IL_004e:    call         void *  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallConvThiscall) NativeClass.__delDtor(valuetype NativeClass*  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsConst)  modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IsConst),
                                                                                                                      uint32)
   IL_0053:    stloc.s     V_7
   IL_0055:    br.s        IL_005a
   IL_0057:    ldc.i4.0
   IL_0058:    stloc.s     V_7
   IL_005a:    ldloca.s    V_11
   IL_005c:    ldstr       bytearray ( 60  4F 7D  59  0C FF  11   62  2F  66   58   62  A1 7B  76   00     //  `O}Yb/fXb.{v.
                                   61   00  6C  00   75   00   65   00  3C  50  7B 7C 8B  57   01  FF )  //  a.l.u.e.<P{|.W..
   IL_0061:    call         instance   void  ValueStruct::.ctor( string )
   IL_0066:    ldloca.s    V_11
   IL_0068:    call         instance   void  ValueStruct::Print()
   IL_006d:    ldstr       bytearray ( 60  4F 7D  59  0C FF  11   62  2F  66   58   62  A1 7B  72   00     //  `O}Yb/fXb.{r.
                                   65   00   66   00   15  5F  28   75  7B 7C 8B  57   01  FF )        //  e.f.._(u{|.W..
   IL_0072:    newobj       instance   void  RefClass::.ctor( string )
   IL_0077:    stloc.0
   IL_0078:    ldloc.0
   IL_0079:    ldnull
   IL_007a:    ldftn        void   modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallConvCdecl) StartPrint()
   IL_0080:    newobj       instance   void  RefClass/PrintDelegate::.ctor( object ,
                                                                    native  int)
   IL_0085:    call         instance   void  RefClass::add_StartPrint( class  RefClass/PrintDelegate)
   IL_008a:    ldloc.0
   IL_008b:    ldnull
   IL_008c:    ldftn        void   modopt ([mscorlib]System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallConvCdecl) EndPrint()
   IL_0092:    newobj       instance   void  RefClass/PrintDelegate::.ctor( object ,
                                                                    native  int)
   IL_0097:    call         instance   void  RefClass::add_EndPrint( class  RefClass/PrintDelegate)
   IL_009c:    ldloc.0
   IL_009d:    call         instance   void  RefClass::Print()
   IL_00a2:    ldloc.0
   IL_00a3:    ldstr       bytearray ( 60  4F 7D  59  0C FF  11   62  2F  66   58   62  A1 7B  72   00     //  `O}Yb/fXb.{r.
                                   65   00   66   00   15  5F  28   75  7B 7C 8B  57   01  FF B0  73     //  e.f.._(u{|.Ws
                                   28   57   63  6B 1A  90  C7 8F  70   00   72   00  6F  00   70   00     //  (Wck.p.r.o.p.
                                   65   00   72   00   74   00   79   00  5E 5C  27   60  EE 4F  39   65     //  e.r.t.y.^\'`.O9e
                                   10   62   58   54   66   00   65   00   69   00  6C  00   64   00   57  5B    //  .bXTf.e.i.l.d.W[
                                  B5 6B  01  FF )                                      //  .k..
   IL_00a8:    call         instance   void  RefClass::set_Str( string )
   IL_00ad:    ldloc.0
   IL_00ae:    call         instance   void  RefClass::Print()
   IL_00b3:    ldloc.0
   IL_00b4:    stloc.2
   IL_00b5:    ldloc.2
   IL_00b6:    brfalse.s   IL_00c3
   IL_00b8:    ldloc.2
   IL_00b9:    callvirt     instance   void  [mscorlib]System.IDisposable::Dispose()
   IL_00be:    ldc.i4.0
   IL_00bf:    stloc.s     V_6
   IL_00c1:    br.s        IL_00c6
   IL_00c3:    ldc.i4.0
   IL_00c4:    stloc.s     V_6
   IL_00c6:    ldc.i4.0
   IL_00c7:    ret
}  //  end of method 'Global Functions'::main

 

读者可以将以上的源代码和IL对照，达到对IL的简单理解！

完！