typedef unsigned char BYTE;
typedef unsigned short WORD;
typedef unsigned int DWORD;
typedef long LONG;
//位图文件头定义;
//其中不包含文件类型信息（由于结构体的内存结构决定，
//要是加了的话将不能正确读取文件信息）
typedef struct tagRGBQUAD{
BYTE rgbBlue; //该颜色的蓝色分量
BYTE rgbGreen; //该颜色的绿色分量
BYTE rgbRed; //该颜色的红色分量
BYTE rgbReserved; //保留值
}RGBQUAD;//调色板定义
typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER{
//WORD bfType;//文件类型，必须是0x424D，即字符“BM”
DWORD bfSize;//文件大小
WORD bfReserved1;//保留字
WORD bfReserved2;//保留字
DWORD bfOffBits;//从文件头到实际位图数据的偏移字节数
}BITMAPFILEHEADER;
typedef struct tagBITMAPINFOHEADER{
DWORD biSize;//信息头大小
LONG biWidth;//图像宽度
LONG biHeight;//图像高度
WORD biPlanes;//位平面数，必须为1
WORD biBitCount;//每像素位数
DWORD biCompression; //压缩类型
DWORD biSizeImage; //压缩图像大小字节数
LONG biXPelsPerMeter; //水平分辨率
LONG biYPelsPerMeter; //垂直分辨率
DWORD biClrUsed; //位图实际用到的色彩数
DWORD biClrImportant; //本位图中重要的色彩数
}BITMAPINFOHEADER; //位图信息头定义
//像素信息
typedef struct tagIMAGEDATA
{
int *data;
RGBQUAD strPla[256];//256色调色板
//BYTE green;
//BYTE red;
}IMAGEDATA;
#include <stdio.h>
//#include "BmpRot.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
#include "math.h"
#include <iostream>
//#define PI 3.14159//圆周率宏定义
#define LENGTH_NAME_BMP 30//bmp图片文件名的最大长度
using namespace std;
//变量定义
//BITMAPFILEHEADER strHead;
//RGBQUAD strPla[256];//256色调色板
//BITMAPINFOHEADER strInfo;
//显示位图文件头信息
void showBmpHead(BITMAPFILEHEADER pBmpHead){
cout<<"位图文件头:"<<endl;
cout<<"文件大小:"<<pBmpHead.bfSize<<endl;
cout<<"保留字_1:"<<pBmpHead.bfReserved1<<endl;
cout<<"保留字_2:"<<pBmpHead.bfReserved2<<endl;
cout<<"实际位图数据的偏移字节数:"<<pBmpHead.bfOffBits<<endl<<endl;
}
void showBmpInforHead(tagBITMAPINFOHEADER pBmpInforHead){
cout<<"位图信息头:"<<endl;
cout<<"结构体的长度:"<<pBmpInforHead.biSize<<endl;
cout<<"位图宽:"<<pBmpInforHead.biWidth<<endl;
cout<<"位图高:"<<pBmpInforHead.biHeight<<endl;
cout<<"biPlanes平面数:"<<pBmpInforHead.biPlanes<<endl;
cout<<"biBitCount采用颜色位数:"<<pBmpInforHead.biBitCount<<endl;
cout<<"压缩方式:"<<pBmpInforHead.biCompression<<endl;
cout<<"biSizeImage实际位图数据占用的字节数:"<<pBmpInforHead.biSizeImage<<endl;
cout<<"X方向分辨率:"<<pBmpInforHead.biXPelsPerMeter<<endl;
cout<<"Y方向分辨率:"<<pBmpInforHead.biYPelsPerMeter<<endl;
cout<<"使用的颜色数:"<<pBmpInforHead.biClrUsed<<endl;
cout<<"重要颜色数:"<<pBmpInforHead.biClrImportant<<endl;
}
void ReadImage(char *path,tagBITMAPINFOHEADER &pBmpInforHead,BITMAPFILEHEADER &pBmpHead,IMAGEDATA *imagedata)
{
BITMAPFILEHEADER strHead;
//RGBQUAD strPla[256];//256色调色板
BITMAPINFOHEADER strInfo;
unsigned char *data;
FILE *fp;
fp=fopen(path,"rb");
if(fp == NULL)
{
cout<<"open file error"<<endl;
return;
}
WORD bfType;
fread(&bfType,1,sizeof(WORD),fp);
if(0x4d42!=bfType)
{
cout<<"the file is not a bmp file!"<<endl;
return ;
}
//读取bmp文件的文件头和信息头
fread(&strHead,1,sizeof(tagBITMAPFILEHEADER),fp);
//showBmpHead(strHead);//显示文件头
fread(&strInfo,1,sizeof(tagBITMAPINFOHEADER),fp);
//showBmpInforHead(strInfo);//显示文件信息头
//读取调色板
for(unsigned int nCounti=0;nCounti<strInfo.biClrUsed;nCounti++)
{
fread((char *)&(imagedata->strPla[nCounti].rgbBlue),1,sizeof(BYTE),fp);
fread((char *)&(imagedata->strPla[nCounti].rgbGreen),1,sizeof(BYTE),fp);
fread((char *)&(imagedata->strPla[nCounti].rgbRed),1,sizeof(BYTE),fp);
fread((char *)&(imagedata->strPla[nCounti].rgbReserved),1,sizeof(BYTE),fp);
}
int width = strInfo.biWidth;
int height = strInfo.biHeight;
int nxy = width*height;
//图像每一行的字节数必须是4的整数倍
//width = (width * sizeof(BYTE) + 3) / 4 * 4;
//imagedata = (IMAGEDATA*)malloc(width * height * sizeof(IMAGEDATA));
data = (unsigned char*)malloc(width * height*sizeof(BYTE));
imagedata->data=(int*)malloc(width * height*sizeof(int));
fread(data,sizeof(BYTE), width*height,fp);
int *temp;
temp = imagedata->data;
for( int i = 0; i < nxy; i++, temp++, data++ )
{
*temp = (int) (255-(*data));//读取数据，取反,复制给intdat
//int p= (int) (*data);
//cout<<p<<endl;
//*temp=p;
}
fclose(fp);
showBmpInforHead(strInfo);//显示文件信息头
showBmpHead(strHead);//显示文件头
pBmpInforHead=strInfo;
pBmpHead = strHead;
}
void SaveImage(char *path,tagBITMAPINFOHEADER pBmpInforHead,BITMAPFILEHEADER pBmpHead,IMAGEDATA imagedata, IMAGEDATA data_result)
{
//保存bmp图片
//RGBQUAD strPla[256];//256色调色板
FILE *fpw;
if((fpw=fopen(path,"wb"))==NULL)
{
cout<<"create the bmp file error!"<<endl;
return ;
}
WORD bfType_w=0x4d42;
fwrite(&bfType_w,1,sizeof(WORD),fpw);
//fpw +=2;
fwrite(&pBmpHead,1,sizeof(tagBITMAPFILEHEADER),fpw);
//strInfo.biWidth = 2 * width;
//strInfo.biHeight = 2 * height;
fwrite(&pBmpInforHead,1,sizeof(tagBITMAPINFOHEADER),fpw);
//保存调色板数据
for(unsigned int nCounti=0;nCounti<pBmpInforHead.biClrUsed;nCounti++)
{
fwrite(&imagedata.strPla[nCounti].rgbBlue,1,sizeof(BYTE),fpw);
fwrite(&imagedata.strPla[nCounti].rgbGreen,1,sizeof(BYTE),fpw);
fwrite(&imagedata.strPla[nCounti].rgbRed,1,sizeof(BYTE),fpw);
fwrite(&imagedata.strPla[nCounti].rgbReserved,1,sizeof(BYTE),fpw);
}
//保存像素数据
for(int i =0;i < pBmpInforHead.biHeight;++i)
{
for(int j = 0;j < pBmpInforHead.biWidth;++j)
{
fwrite( &((*(data_result.data + i * pBmpInforHead.biWidth + j))),1,sizeof(BYTE),fpw);
//fwrite( &((*(imagedataRot + i * 2 * width + j)).green),1,sizeof(BYTE),fpw);
//fwrite( &((*(imagedataRot + i * 2 * width + j)).red),1,sizeof(BYTE),fpw);
}
}
fclose(fpw);
//释放内存
delete[] imagedata.data;
delete[] data_result.data;
}
/*
int main(){
char strFile[LENGTH_NAME_BMP];//bmp文件名
IMAGEDATA *imagedata = NULL;//动态分配存储原图片的像素信息的二维数组
IMAGEDATA *imagedataRot = NULL;//动态分配存储旋转后的图片的像素信息的二维数组
int width,height;//图片的宽度和高度
cout<<"请输入所要读取的文件名:"<<endl;
cin>>strFile;
FILE *fpi,*fpw;
fpi=fopen(strFile,"rb");
if(fpi != NULL){
//先读取文件类型
WORD bfType;
fread(&bfType,1,sizeof(WORD),fpi);
if(0x4d42!=bfType)
{
cout<<"the file is not a bmp file!"<<endl;
return NULL;
}
//读取bmp文件的文件头和信息头
fread(&strHead,1,sizeof(tagBITMAPFILEHEADER),fpi);
//showBmpHead(strHead);//显示文件头
fread(&strInfo,1,sizeof(tagBITMAPINFOHEADER),fpi);
//showBmpInforHead(strInfo);//显示文件信息头
//读取调色板
for(unsigned int nCounti=0;nCounti<strInfo.biClrUsed;nCounti++)
{
fread((char *)&(strPla[nCounti].rgbBlue),1,sizeof(BYTE),fpi);
fread((char *)&(strPla[nCounti].rgbGreen),1,sizeof(BYTE),fpi);
fread((char *)&(strPla[nCounti].rgbRed),1,sizeof(BYTE),fpi);
fread((char *)&(strPla[nCounti].rgbReserved),1,sizeof(BYTE),fpi);
}
width = strInfo.biWidth;
height = strInfo.biHeight;
//图像每一行的字节数必须是4的整数倍
width = (width * sizeof(IMAGEDATA) + 3) / 4 * 4;
//imagedata = (IMAGEDATA*)malloc(width * height * sizeof(IMAGEDATA));
imagedata = (IMAGEDATA*)malloc(width * height);
imagedataRot = (IMAGEDATA*)malloc(2 * width * 2 * height * sizeof(IMAGEDATA));
//初始化原始图片的像素数组
for(int i = 0;i < height;++i)
{
for(int j = 0;j < width;++j)
{
(*(imagedata + i * width + j)).blue = 0;
//(*(imagedata + i * width + j)).green = 0;
//(*(imagedata + i * width + j)).red = 0;
}
}
//初始化旋转后图片的像素数组
for(int i = 0;i < 2 * height;++i)
{
for(int j = 0;j < 2 * width;++j)
{
(*(imagedataRot + i * 2 * width + j)).blue = 0;
//(*(imagedataRot + i * 2 * width + j)).green = 0;
//(*(imagedataRot + i * 2 * width + j)).red = 0;
}
}
//fseek(fpi,54,SEEK_SET);
//读出图片的像素数据
fread(imagedata,sizeof(struct tagIMAGEDATA) * width,height,fpi);
fclose(fpi);
}
else
{
cout<<"file open error!"<<endl;
return NULL;
}
//图片旋转处理
int RotateAngle;//要旋转的角度数
double angle;//要旋转的弧度数
int midX_pre,midY_pre,midX_aft,midY_aft;//旋转所围绕的中心点的坐标
midX_pre = width / 2;
midY_pre = height / 2;
midX_aft = width;
midY_aft = height;
int pre_i,pre_j,after_i,after_j;//旋转前后对应的像素点坐标
cout<<"输入要旋转的角度（0度到360度，逆时针旋转）："<<endl;
cin>>RotateAngle;
angle = 1.0 * RotateAngle * PI / 180;
for(int i = 0;i < 2 * height;++i)
{
for(int j = 0;j < 2 * width;++j)
{
after_i = i - midX_aft;//坐标变换
after_j = j - midY_aft;
pre_i = (int)(cos((double)angle) * after_i - sin((double)angle) * after_j) + midX_pre;
pre_j = (int)(sin((double)angle) * after_i + cos((double)angle) * after_j) + midY_pre;
if(pre_i >= 0 && pre_i < height && pre_j >= 0 && pre_j < width)//在原图范围内
*(imagedataRot + i * 2 * width + j) = *(imagedata + pre_i * width + pre_j);
}
}
//保存bmp图片
if((fpw=fopen("b.bmp","wb"))==NULL)
{
cout<<"create the bmp file error!"<<endl;
return NULL;
}
WORD bfType_w=0x4d42;
fwrite(&bfType_w,1,sizeof(WORD),fpw);
//fpw +=2;
fwrite(&strHead,1,sizeof(tagBITMAPFILEHEADER),fpw);
strInfo.biWidth = 2 * width;
strInfo.biHeight = 2 * height;
fwrite(&strInfo,1,sizeof(tagBITMAPINFOHEADER),fpw);
//保存调色板数据
for(unsigned int nCounti=0;nCounti<strInfo.biClrUsed;nCounti++)
{
fwrite(&strPla[nCounti].rgbBlue,1,sizeof(BYTE),fpw);
fwrite(&strPla[nCounti].rgbGreen,1,sizeof(BYTE),fpw);
fwrite(&strPla[nCounti].rgbRed,1,sizeof(BYTE),fpw);
fwrite(&strPla[nCounti].rgbReserved,1,sizeof(BYTE),fpw);
}
//保存像素数据
for(int i =0;i < 2 * height;++i)
{
for(int j = 0;j < 2 * width;++j)
{
fwrite( &((*(imagedataRot + i * 2 * width + j)).blue),1,sizeof(BYTE),fpw);
//fwrite( &((*(imagedataRot + i * 2 * width + j)).green),1,sizeof(BYTE),fpw);
//fwrite( &((*(imagedataRot + i * 2 * width + j)).red),1,sizeof(BYTE),fpw);
}
}
fclose(fpw);
//释放内存
delete[] imagedata;
delete[] imagedataRot;
}
*/此程序实现了bmp图像的读取和存取，主要是理解位图的存储格式，这个程序就比较简单了，剩下的就是对数据流的操作。对于bmp图像结构可以看 http://blog.csdn.net/caiye917015406/article/details/7849316
