对于三大框架,例如ssh或ssm,在tomcat容器启动时配置文件加载顺序是?
针对这样的疑问,我大概知道每个项目的加载都是从web.xml开始的,所以我们以下面的配置文件为例,说明加载过程,我的项目web.xml配置文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.properties</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 户登录安全filter --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 添加CAS filter begin --> <!-- 填写退出的URL --> <context-param> <param-name>casServerLogoutUrl</param-name> <param-value>https://cass.cdv.com:8443/cas/logout</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>serverName</param-name> <param-value>http://192.166.0.117:8080</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>casServerLoginUrl</param-name> <param-value>https://cass.cdv.com:8443/cas/login</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.jasig.cas.client.session.SingleSignOutHttpSessionListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- CAS sign out --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS Single Sign Out Filter</filter-name> <!-- the class to cometrue Filter Interface --> <filter-class>org.jasig.cas.client.session.SingleSignOutFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS Single Sign Out Filter</filter-name> <!-- the webpage to filter --> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!--单点退出配置--> <!-- CAS login首次登陆拦截跳转登陆页面 --> <filter> <filter-name>CAS Filter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.jasig.cas.client.authentication.AuthenticationFilter</filter-class> <!-- 初始化filter,默认的设置. --> <init-param> <param-name>casServerLoginUrl</param-name> <!-- 统一认证服务器地址 --> <param-value>https://cass.cdv.com:8443/cas/login</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>serverName</param-name> <!-- 项目所在的服务器地址和端口号,认证服务器回调的URL--> <param-value>http://192.166.0.84:8080</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <!-- 过滤哪些网站 --> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS Filter</filter-name> <!-- 项目中所要拦截的url --> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- CAS Validation Filter 再次验证ticket--> <filter> <filter-name>CAS Validation Filter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.jasig.cas.client.validation.Cas20ProxyReceivingTicketValidationFilter</filter-class> <!-- 初始化Filter,默认设置. --> <init-param> <param-name>casServerUrlPrefix</param-name> <param-value>https://cass.cdv.com:8443/cas</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>serverName</param-name> <!-- 验证成功转到的地址 --> <param-value>http://192.166.0.117:8080</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <!-- 过滤所有的网页 --> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CAS Validation Filter</filter-name> <!-- 项目中所要拦截的url --> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <listener> <listener-class>com.cdv.vms.web.listener.SessionListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 添加CAS filter end --> <!-- 添加security filter 控制菜单的显示和隐藏 begin --> <filter> <description>login security filter</description> <display-name>SecurityFilter</display-name> <filter-name>SecurityFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>com.cdv.ms.web.filter.SecurityFilter</filter-class> <!-- 不需要过滤则直接转到主界面 /user/toMain/--> <init-param> <param-name>noFilter</param-name> <param-value>main.jsp</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>noFilter1</param-name> <param-value>/publish/showV/</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <!-- 过滤内容 --> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>SecurityFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 添加security filter end --> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml,classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- upload start --> <servlet> <servlet-name>TokenServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.cdv.upload.servlet.TokenServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>TokenServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/tk</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>StreamServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.cdv.upload.servlet.StreamServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>StreamServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/upload</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>FormDataServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.cdv.upload.servlet.FormDataServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>FormDataServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/fd</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- upload end --> <error-page> <error-code>404</error-code> <location>/common/404.jsp</location> </error-page> <error-page> <error-code>505</error-code> <location>/common/505.jsp</location> </error-page> <!-- welcome main.jsp --> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>main.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
一、加载顺序
1、对于不同的标签:启动一个web项目的时候,web容器去读取它的配置文件web.xml,读取web.xml文件的时候那应该先读取哪些节点呢?和他们配置的位置没有关系。读取节点的顺序是:listener>filter>servlet。上述配置中还存在一个<context-param>标签,这个标签用来提供应用程序上下文信息,<context-param>可以写在任意位置上,因此加载web.xml标签的顺序为:context-param>listener>filter>servlet 。
2、对于同类标签:
filter:在配置filter的时候,web.xml中可以定义多个filter,与filter相关的节点有filter-name、filter-class,filter-mapping必须出现在filter-name标签后,启动容器初始化每个filter的时候,初始化顺序是依照filter-mapping配置节点出现的顺序来调用的doFilter()方法的。
servlet:也filter一样。但当我们设置load-on-startup元素的时候,这个元素的值必须是一个整数。
如果为负数或者不存在的时候,容器会在该servlet被调用的时候加载这个servlet。
如果为正整数或0,容器在加载的时候会保证较小的值先被加载。
如果值相等,容器会自动选择先加载谁。
由此可知,上述的web.xml系统会如何加载各个项的了。
二、各个标签的说明
web.xml常用元素
<web-app>
<display-name></display-name>:定义了web应用的名字。
<description></description>:声明了web应用描述信息。
<context-param></context-param>:声明应用范围内初始化参数。
<filter></filter>:过滤元素,将一个名字与一个实现javax.servlet.Filter接口的类相关联。
<filter-mapping></filter-mapping>:一旦命名了过滤器,就要利用filter-mapping元素把它与一个或多个servlet或jsp页面关联。
<listener></listener>:servlet API版本2.3增加了事件监听支持,事件监听程序在建立、修改和删除回话或servlet环境时得到通知。
<servlet></servlet>:在servlet或jsp页面执行初始化参数或定制URL时,必须首先命名servlet或jsp页面。
<servlet-mapping></servlet-mapping>:服务器一般为servlet提供一个缺省的url。在更改缺省url时,使用servlet-mapping元素。
<session-config></session-config>:设置回话超时时间,默认单位分钟。
<mime-mapping></mime-mapping>:发送到客户端为什么类型。
<welcome-file-list></welcome-file-list>:指示服务器在收到引用一个目录名而不是文件名的URL时,使用哪个文件。
<error-page></error-page>:返回特定http状态码时,或者特定类型异常抛出时,能够制定要显示的页面。
<taglib></taglib>:对标记库描述文件指定别名。
</webk-app>
三、常用元素相关配置
1、上下文参数配置
<context-param> <param-name>ContextParameter</para-name> <param-value>test</param-value> <description>It is a test parameter.</description> </context-param>
<filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
<listener> <listerner-class>listener.SessionListener</listener-class> </listener>
<servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml,classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>5、回话超时设置
<session-config> <session-timeout>120</session-timeout> </session-config>
<mime-mapping> <extension>htm</extension> <mime-type>text/html</mime-type> </mime-mapping>
<welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list>
<error-page> <error-code>404</error-code> <location>/common/404.jsp</location> </error-page> <error-page> <error-code>505</error-code> <location>/common/505.jsp</location> </error-page>