mysql常用语法

 

 

 

1.SELECT TOP 50 PERCENT * FROM Persons ~~~ "Persons" 表中选取 50% 的记录;

SELECT TOP 2 * FROM Persons~~~"Persons" 表中选取头两条记录。

2.通配符:

mysql常用语法_第1张图片

3.SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE LastName IN ('Adams','Carter');~~~ WHERE 子句中规定多个值;

4.SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo 

FROM Persons, Orders

WHERE Persons.Id_P = Orders.Id_P;

======等价:

SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNoFROM Persons

INNER JOIN Orders

ON Persons.Id_P = Orders.Id_P

ORDER BY Persons.LastName;

JOIN 类型:

·         JOIN: 如果表中有至少一个匹配,则返回行

·         LEFT JOIN: 即使右表中没有匹配,也从左表返回所有的行

·         RIGHT JOIN: 即使左表中没有匹配,也从右表返回所有的行

·         FULL JOIN: 只要其中一个表中存在匹配,就返回行

网址:http://www.w3school.com.cn/sql/sql_join_inner.asp

5.UNION &&UNION All ,例如:

SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_China   

UNION

SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_USA;

UNION ALL列出所有内容,包括重复;

6.数据库备份:

SELECT *

INTO Persons IN 'Backup.mdb'

FROM Persons

将表persons备份到数据库Backup.mdb中的表Persons

7.创建数据库:CREATE DATABASE database_name

8.数据库表格:

CREATE TABLE Orders

(

O_Id int NOT NULL,

OrderNo int NOT NULL,

Id_P int,

PRIMARY KEY (O_Id),

FOREIGN KEY (Id_P) REFERENCES Persons(Id_P)

)

9.check约束:

CREATE TABLE Persons

(

Id_P int NOT NULL,

LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,

FirstName varchar(255),

Address varchar(255),

City varchar(255),

CHECK (Id_P>0)

)

多个check约束:

CREATE TABLE Persons

(

Id_P int NOT NULL,

LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,

FirstName varchar(255),

Address varchar(255),

City varchar(255),

CONSTRAINT chk_Person CHECK (Id_P>0 AND City='Sandnes')

)

10.自增:AUTO_INCREMENT

CREATE TABLE Persons

(

P_Id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,

FirstName varchar(255),

Address varchar(255),

City varchar(255),

PRIMARY KEY (P_Id)

)

11.GROUP BYSELECT Customer,SUM(OrderPrice) FROM Orders GROUP BY Customer

按客户的不同分组,查出所属客户的名称和订单总额。

12. SQL 中增加 HAVING 子句原因是,WHERE 关键字无法与合计函数一起使用:

SELECT Customer,SUM(OrderPrice) FROM Orders

GROUP BY Customer

HAVING SUM(OrderPrice)<2000

 

 

 

你可能感兴趣的:(mysql常用语法)