maven入门教程
1.1. Maven简介
Maven是基于项目对象模型(POM)，可以通过一小段描述信息来管理项目的构建，报告和文档的软件项目管理工具。
Maven 除了以程序构建能力为特色之外，还提供高级项目管理工具。由于 Maven 的缺省构建规则有较高的可重用性，所以常常用两三行 Maven 构建脚本就可以构建简单的项目。由于 Maven 的面向项目的方法，许多 Apache Jakarta 项目发文时使用 Maven，而且公司项目采用 Maven 的比例在持续增长。
Maven是基于项目对象模型(POM)，可以通过一小段描述信息来管理项目的构建，报告和文档的软件项目管理工具。Maven这个单词来自于意第绪语，意为知识的积累，最早在Jakata Turbine项目中它开始被用来试图简化构建过程。当时有很多项目，它们的Ant build文件仅有细微的差别，而JAR文件都由CVS来维护。于是Maven创始者开始了Maven这个项目，该项目的清晰定义包括，一种很方便的发布项目信息的方式，以及一种在多个项目中共享JAR的方式。
1.2. Maven的下载与安装
1.2.1. 下载maven
下载地址: http://maven.apache.org/download.html
1.2.2. 安装maven
只要将maven的压缩包解压到指定文件夹即可
1.2.3. 配置环境变量
变量名为:M2_HOME
变量值为: D:\javaEEServer\apache-maven-3.0.3
在path路径中添加% M2_HOME %\bin
1.2.4. 测试是否安装成功
在命令行输入mvn –v 就会出现maven的版本信息.jdk的版本及其他信息.
1.3. Hello Maven
1.3.1. 搭建项目结构
项目的结构如下图所示:
1.3.2. Pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="utf-8"?>
<projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.morris.maven.hello</groupId>
<artifactId>hello</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.10</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
1.3.3. Hello.java
public class Hello{
publicString sayHello(String name){
return"hello:"+name;
}
}
1.3.4. HelloTest.java
import org.junit.*;
import static junit.framework.Assert.*;
public class HelloTest
{
@Test
publicvoid testSayHello(){
Hellohm = new Hello();
assertEquals(hm.sayHello("morris"),"hello:morris");
}
}
1.3.5. 编译Mvn compile
在命令行使用mvn compile编译项目,会打印如下信息,如果是第一次运行的话,会从网上下载jar包
1.3.6. 测试mvn test
在命令行使用mvn test对项目进行单元测试,会打印如下信息:
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building hello 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] ---maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ hello ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBKactually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectoryE:\java\maven\maven-hello\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] ---maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ hello ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes areup to date
[INFO]
[INFO] ---maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ hello ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBKactually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectoryE:\java\maven\maven-hello\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile(default-testCompile) @ hello ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes areup to date
[INFO]
[INFO] ---maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ hello ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory:E:\java\maven\maven-hello\target\surefire-reports
-------------------------------------------------------
T ES T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running HelloTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0,Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.052 sec
Results :
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0,Skipped: 0
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.941 s
[INFO] Finished at:2015-03-01T17:39:10+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 7M/21M
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.3.7. 观察项目目录
我们会发现项目的目录中会增加一些文件夹和文件
1.3.8. 打包mvn package
命令行运行mvn package会将项目自动打成一个jar包,我们会发现在target目录下会多出一个jar包hello-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
命令行会打印如下信息:
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building hello 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources(default-resources) @ hello ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBKactually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectoryE:\java\maven\maven-hello\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] ---maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ hello ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes areup to date
[INFO]
[INFO] ---maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ hello ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBKactually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectoryE:\java\maven\maven-hello\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] ---maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ hello ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes areup to date
[INFO]
[INFO] ---maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ hello ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory:E:\java\maven\maven-hello\target\surefire-reports
-------------------------------------------------------
T ES T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running HelloTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0,Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.052 sec
Results :
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0,Skipped: 0
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 1.941 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2015-03-01T17:39:10+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 7M/21M
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.3.9. 发布mvn install
命令行使用mvn install 命令会将我们的项目发布在本地仓库中,本地仓库的地址默认是在电脑的我的文档中:C:\Users\Morris\.m2\repository
我们可以发现C:\Users\Morris\.m2\repository\com\morris\maven\hello\hello\1.0-SNAPSHOT这个路径下会有项目的文件
后台打印信息如下:
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building hello 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] ---maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ hello ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBKactually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectoryE:\java\maven\maven-hello\src\main\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] ---maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ hello ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes areup to date
[INFO]
[INFO] ---maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ hello ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBKactually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectoryE:\java\maven\maven-hello\src\test\resources
[INFO]
[INFO] ---maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ hello ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes areup to date
[INFO]
[INFO] ---maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ hello ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory:E:\java\maven\maven-hello\target\surefire-reports
-------------------------------------------------------
T ES T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running HelloTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0,Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.088 sec
Results :
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0,Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar(default-jar) @ hello ---
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install(default-install) @ hello ---
[INFO] InstallingE:\java\maven\maven-hello\target\hello-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar toC:\Users\Morris\.m2\repository\com\morris\maven\hello\hello\1.0-SNAPSHOT\hello-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] InstallingE:\java\maven\maven-hello\pom.xml toC:\Users\Morris\.m2\repository\com\morris\maven\hello\hello\1.0-SNAPSHOT\hello-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 2.610 s
[INFO] Finished at:2015-03-01T17:52:46+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 7M/19M
[INFO]------------------------------------------------------------------------