Spring MVC 单元测试

常规的方法则是启动WEB服务器 测试 出错 停掉WEB 改代码 重启WEB 测试 

大量的时间都浪费在WEB服务器的启动上

今天给大家介绍一种不用启动WEB 直接采用单元测试的方法来测试请求是否准确 

该方法基于SpringMVC 与 Spring Test 框架

 package com.spring;

 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 import org.json.JSONObject;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 import org.springframework.ui.Model;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
 import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
 import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

 @Controller
 @RequestMapping(value = "/spring")
 public class Action {

     @Autowired
     Teacher teacher;
     // spring 支持restful的格式

     @ResponseBody
     @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/{ownerId}.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)
     public String findOwner(@PathVariable String ownerId, Model model,
             HttpServletResponse rep) throws IOException {
         return ownerId;
     }

     @RequestMapping(value = "/test.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)
     public String testa(Model model, HttpServletResponse rep)
             throws IOException {
         model.addAttribute("abc", "efd");
         model.addAttribute(teacher);
         return "a";
     }

     @ResponseBody
     // 理论上可以@ResponseBody 支持直接返回teacher对象 但是3.2里有问题 我们还是老实返回字符串吧
     @RequestMapping(value = "/testb.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)
     public String testb(Model model, HttpServletResponse rep,
             HttpServletRequest req, String ex) throws IOException {
         // WEB中获得SPRING容器
         WebApplicationContext wac = WebApplicationContextUtils
                 .getRequiredWebApplicationContext(req.getServletContext());
         return new JSONObject(wac.getBean(Teacher.class)).toString();
     }

     @ResponseBody
     @RequestMapping(value = "/post.do", method = RequestMethod.POST)
     public String post(Model model, HttpServletResponse rep,
             HttpServletRequest req, String ex) throws IOException {
         return new JSONObject(req.getParameterMap()).toString();
     }

 }

再上单元测试代码

 import java.awt.print.Printable;
 import java.io.IOException;

 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
 import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultHandler;
 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
 import org.springframework.ui.Model;
 import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.*;
 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.*;
 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
 import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
 @WebAppConfiguration
 @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" })
 //当然 你可以声明一个事务管理 每个单元测试都进行事务回滚 无论成功与否
 @TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true)
 //记得要在XML文件中声明事务哦~~~我是采用注解的方式
 @Transactional
 public class ExampleTests {

     @Autowired
     private WebApplicationContext wac;

     private MockMvc mockMvc;

     @Before
     public void setup() {
         // webAppContextSetup 注意上面的static import
         // webAppContextSetup 构造的WEB容器可以添加fileter 但是不能添加listenCLASS
         // WebApplicationContext context =
         // ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
         // 如果控制器包含如上方法 则会报空指针
         this.mockMvc = webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
     }

     @Test
         //有些单元测试你不希望回滚
         @Rollback(false)
     public void ownerId() throws Exception {
         mockMvc.perform((get("/spring/rest/4.do"))).andExpect(status().isOk())
                 .andDo(print());
     }

     @Test
     public void test() throws Exception {
         mockMvc.perform((get("/spring/test.do"))).andExpect(status().isOk())
                 .andDo(print())
                 .andExpect(model().attributeHasNoErrors("teacher"));
     }

     @Test
     public void testb() throws Exception {
         mockMvc.perform((get("/spring/testb.do"))).andExpect(status().isOk())
                 .andDo(print());
     }

     @Test
     public void getAccount() throws Exception {
         mockMvc.perform((post("/spring/post.do").param("abc", "def")))
                 .andExpect(status().isOk()).andDo(print());
     }

 }

 package com.spring;

 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 import org.json.JSONObject;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
 import org.springframework.ui.Model;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
 import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
 import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

 @Controller
 @RequestMapping(value = "/spring")
 public class Action {

     @Autowired
     Teacher teacher;
     // spring 支持restful的格式

     @ResponseBody
     @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/{ownerId}.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)
     public String findOwner(@PathVariable String ownerId, Model model,
             HttpServletResponse rep) throws IOException {
         return ownerId;
     }

     @RequestMapping(value = "/test.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)
     public String testa(Model model, HttpServletResponse rep)
             throws IOException {
         model.addAttribute("abc", "efd");
         model.addAttribute(teacher);
         return "a";
     }

     @ResponseBody
     // 理论上可以@ResponseBody 支持直接返回teacher对象 但是3.2里有问题 我们还是老实返回字符串吧
     @RequestMapping(value = "/testb.do", method = RequestMethod.GET)
     public String testb(Model model, HttpServletResponse rep,
             HttpServletRequest req, String ex) throws IOException {
         // WEB中获得SPRING容器
         WebApplicationContext wac = WebApplicationContextUtils
                 .getRequiredWebApplicationContext(req.getServletContext());
         return new JSONObject(wac.getBean(Teacher.class)).toString();
     }

     @ResponseBody
     @RequestMapping(value = "/post.do", method = RequestMethod.POST)
     public String post(Model model, HttpServletResponse rep,
             HttpServletRequest req, String ex) throws IOException {
         return new JSONObject(req.getParameterMap()).toString();
     }

 }

再上单元测试代码

 import java.awt.print.Printable;
 import java.io.IOException;

 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
 import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultHandler;
 import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultMatcher;
 import org.springframework.ui.Model;
 import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.*;
 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.*;
 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
 import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
 import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

 @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
 @WebAppConfiguration
 @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" })
 //当然 你可以声明一个事务管理 每个单元测试都进行事务回滚 无论成功与否
 @TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true)
 //记得要在XML文件中声明事务哦~~~我是采用注解的方式
 @Transactional
 public class ExampleTests {

     @Autowired
     private WebApplicationContext wac;

     private MockMvc mockMvc;

     @Before
     public void setup() {
         // webAppContextSetup 注意上面的static import
         // webAppContextSetup 构造的WEB容器可以添加fileter 但是不能添加listenCLASS
         // WebApplicationContext context =
         // ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
         // 如果控制器包含如上方法 则会报空指针
         this.mockMvc = webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
     }

     @Test
         //有些单元测试你不希望回滚
         @Rollback(false)
     public void ownerId() throws Exception {
         mockMvc.perform((get("/spring/rest/4.do"))).andExpect(status().isOk())
                 .andDo(print());
     }

     @Test
     public void test() throws Exception {
         mockMvc.perform((get("/spring/test.do"))).andExpect(status().isOk())
                 .andDo(print())
                 .andExpect(model().attributeHasNoErrors("teacher"));
     }

     @Test
     public void testb() throws Exception {
         mockMvc.perform((get("/spring/testb.do"))).andExpect(status().isOk())
                 .andDo(print());
     }

     @Test
     public void getAccount() throws Exception {
         mockMvc.perform((post("/spring/post.do").param("abc", "def")))
                 .andExpect(status().isOk()).andDo(print());
     }

 }