Android应用开发笔记(1)：调用打电话和发短信、收短信接口、发Email （Call, Dial, SMSManager, Broadcast, Email）
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打电话和发短信可以说是最核心的应用了，本文就来阐述它的调用方法。可以分为直接调用--直接电话或短信发出，已经间接调用--进入拨号或短信撰写页面，等待用户确认内容后由用户发出.
先看代码效果截图：
先编写主界面Activaty，创建类CallAndSms作为为默认启动页 package jtapp.callandsms; import java.util.List; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.telephony.SmsManager; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.Toast; public class CallAndSms extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); setComponent(); } private void setComponent() { Button bt1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button01); bt1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Intent intent = new Intent( Intent.ACTION_CALL, Uri.parse("tel:10010")); startActivity(intent); } }); Button bt2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button02); bt2.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { String smsContent = "102"; // note: SMS must be divided before being sent SmsManager sms = SmsManager.getDefault(); List<String> texts = sms.divideMessage(smsContent); for (String text : texts) { sms.sendTextMessage("10010", null, text, null, null); } // note: not checked success or failure yet Toast.makeText( CallAndSms.this, "短信已发送", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT ).show(); } }); Button bt3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button03); bt3.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Intent intent = new Intent( Intent.ACTION_DIAL, Uri.parse("tel:10010")); startActivity(intent); } }); Button bt4 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button04); bt4.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:10010"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); it.putExtra("sms_body", "102"); startActivity(it); } }); } }
主界面ui定义 main.xml 代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:gravity="center"> <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Direct Method:" android:gravity="center" /> <Button android:text="拨打10010客服电话" android:id="@+id/Button01" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button> <Button android:text="短信10010查余额" android:id="@+id/Button02" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button> <TextView android:text="InDirect Method:" android:id="@+id/TextView01" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> <Button android:text="拨打10010客服电话" android:id="@+id/Button03" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button> <Button android:text="短信10010查余额" android:id="@+id/Button04" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"></Button> </LinearLayout>
用于监听短信到来的Broadcast消息的文件，
ReceiverSMS.java 代码：
package jtapp.callandsms; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.telephony.SmsMessage; import android.widget.Toast; public class ReceiverSMS extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { if (intent.getAction().equals( "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED")) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras(); if (bundle != null) { Object[] pdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus"); SmsMessage[] msgs = new SmsMessage[pdus.length]; for (int i = 0; i < pdus.length; i++) { msgs[i] = SmsMessage .createFromPdu((byte[]) pdus[i]); } for (SmsMessage s : msgs) { sb.append("收到来自"); sb.append(s.getDisplayOriginatingAddress()); sb.append("的SMS, 内容:"); sb.append(s.getDisplayMessageBody()); } Toast.makeText( context, "收到了短消息: " + sb.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } } } }
AndroidManifest.xml中权限、activity和receiver的设定：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="jtapp.callandsms" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0"> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name" android:debuggable="true"> <activity android:name=".CallAndSms" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <receiver android:name=".ReceiverSMS" android:enabled="true"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" /> </intent-filter> </receiver> </application> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE"></uses-permission> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"></uses-permission> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS"></uses-permission> </manifest>
补充，发Email 代码片段：
//Email Button bt5 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.Button05); bt5.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { // Setup the recipient in a String array String[] mailto = { "[email protected]" }; // Create a new Intent to send messages Intent sendIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); // Write the body of theEmail String emailBody = "You're password is: "; // Add attributes to the intent //sendIntent.setType("text/plain"); // use this line for testing // in the emulator sendIntent.setType("message/rfc822"); // use this line for testing // on the real phone sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, mailto); sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Your Password"); sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, emailBody); startActivity(sendIntent); } });
扩展阅读：
Android下调用收发短信邮件等
http://sean.huanglijiang.com/article.asp?id=218
android 短信发送全过程
http://apps.hi.baidu.com/share/detail/15096826