Linux RHEL5.5 创建 oracle 10g Dataguard

 Linux RHEL5.5 创建 oracle 10g Dataguard 
2 dataguard建立

2.1  dataguard规划

Host_IP	           DB_NAME	 DB_UNIQUE_NAME  	Net Service Name

主库192.168.2.135	syw	       syw	                   syw

备库192.168.2.136	syw	       syw01	                 syw01

主库归档路径	/sywdg/arch1
备库归档路径	/sywdg/arch1
保护模式：默认最大性能模式


2.2主库准备工作

2.2.1 检查数据库是否支持Data Guard是否归档模式，Enable force logging

SQL> select * from v$option where parameter = 'Managed Standby';
PARAMETER                      VALUE
------------------        -------------------------------
Managed Standby                  TRUE
SQL> archive log list   （先检查是否归档模式，不是则修改）
数据库日志模式            存档模式
自动存档                  启用
存档终点                  /sywdg/arch1/
最早的联机日志序列        164
下一个存档日志序列        166
当前日志序列              166    

SQL> alter database force logging;

数据库已更改。

2.2.2 如果主库没有密码文件则建立密码文件，从而可以OS验证的方式登陆


$orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwsyw  password=oracle entries=5

2.2.3、配置standby redolog（最佳性能模式可以忽略，如果将来变成备库且要转为其它两种模式则要建立）查看当前redolog大小

SQL> select group#,members,bytes/1024/1024,status from v$log; 
    GROUP#    MEMBERS   BYTES/1024/1024   STATUS
---------- ---------- ---------------    ----------------
         1          1      50             CURRENT
         2          1      50             INACTIVE
         3          1      50             INACTIVE

现有三个日志组，每个组内有一个成员，每个成员的大小为50MB

2.2.4在主库增加standby redolog

SQL> alter database add standby logfile 
  2      group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdby_redo04.log') size 50m,
  3      group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdby_redo05.log') size 50m,
  4      group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdby_redo06.log') size 50m,
  5      group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdby_redo07.log') size 50m;

standby redolog的组数参考公式：(online redolog组数 + 1) * 数据库线程数；单机线程数为1，RAC一般为2。
standby redolog的组成员数和大小也尽量和online redolog一样。

2.3 设置主库初始化参数

启动db接受或发送redo data，包括所有库的db_unique_name
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(SYW,SYW01)' scope=spfile;

设置主库归档目的地
SQL>alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/sywdg/arch1  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=SYW' scope=spfile;

   当该库充当主库角色时，设置物理备库redo data的传输目的地

SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=SYW01 LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=SYW01' scope=spfile;   


    修改最大ARCn进程数
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=5 scope=spfile;

    允许redo传输服务传输数据到目的地，默认是enable
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE scope=spfile;    
 
    允许redo传输服务传输数据到目的地，默认是enable
SQL> alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE scope=spfile; 

    主库备库库sys密码要一致，默认是exclusive
SQL> alter system set REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE scope=spfile;    

--以下是主库切换为备库，充当备库角色时的一些参数设置，如果不打算做数据库切换就不用设置了

配置网络服务名，假如转换为备库角色时，从这里获取丢失的归档文件
SQL> alter system set FAL_SERVER=syw01 scope=spfile;        
配置网络服务名，fal_server拷贝丢失的归档文件到这里
SQL> alter system set FAL_CLIENT=syw  scope=spfile;        

前为切换后的主库路径，后为切换后的备库路径，如果主备库目录结构完全一样，则无需设定
SQL> alter system set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw01',' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw' scope=spfile; 
  
    同上，这两个名字转换参数是主备库的路径映射关系，可能会是路径全名，看情况而定
SQL> alter system set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw01',' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw' scope=spfile;        

设置auto后当主库的datafiles增删时备库也同样自动操作，且会把日志传送到备库standby_archive_dest参数指定的目录下，确保该目录存在，如果你的存储采用文件系统没有问题，但是如果采用了裸设备，你就必须将该参数设置为manual
SQL> alter system set STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=auto scope=spfile;

一般和LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1的位置一样，如果备库采用ARCH传输方式，那么主库会把归档日志传到该目录下
SQL> alter system set STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST='LOCATION=/sywdg/arch1' scope=spfile;  

有了以上参数设置，则无论该库充当主库角色还是备库角色都无需再修改了

配置完成之后重新启动主数据库

SQL> shutdown  immediate;
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup 
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area  285212672 bytes
Fixed Size                  2020224 bytes
Variable Size              96472192 bytes
Database Buffers          184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers                2170880 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。


2.4 配置主库备库监听listener.ora及tnsnames.ora，sqlnet.ora

[oracle@DB_primary admin]$ more listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )

      (SID_DESC = 

          (GLOBAL_DBNAME = SYW) 

          (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)   

          (SID_NAME = SYW) 

     ) 

  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = DB_primary)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )
[oracle@DB_primary admin]$ more tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SYW =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.135)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = syw)
    )
  )

SYW01 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.136)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = syw01)
    )
  )

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = PLSExtProc)
      (PRESENTATION = RO)
    )
  )

[oracle@DB_primary admin]$ more sqlnet.ora 
# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES)

备库监听信息
[oracle@DB_standby admin]$ more listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = DB_standby)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

[oracle@DB_standby admin]$ more tnsnames.ora 
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.


SYW01 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.136)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = syw01)
    )
  )

SYW =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.135)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = syw)
    )
  )

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = PLSExtProc)
      (PRESENTATION = RO)
    )
  )

[oracle@DB_standby admin]$ more sqlnet.ora 
# sqlnet.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

NAMES.DIRECTORY_PATH= (TNSNAMES)


监听配置完成之后正常启动监听，在主库备库分别执行tnsping命令
[oracle@DB_primary ~]$ tnsping syw
[oracle@DB_primary ~]$ tnsping syw01


[oracle@DB_standby ~]$ tnsping syw
[oracle@DB_standby ~]$ tnsping syw01


确保主备都可以正常通信


2.5、RMAN备份主库数据 
关闭应用服务器，停止监听，开始rman备份：
[oracle@DB_primary dgbak]$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-8月 -2011 10:55:03
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
正在连接到 (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))命令执行成功

RMAN> backup full database format '/sywdg/dgbak/backup_%T_%s_%p.bak';

启动 backup 于 22-8月 -11
使用目标数据库控制文件替代恢复目录
分配的通道: ORA_DISK_1
通道 ORA_DISK_1: sid=137 devtype=DISK
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 启动全部数据文件备份集
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在指定备份集中的数据文件
输入数据文件 fno=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw/tbs_syw.ora
输入数据文件 fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw/system01.dbf
输入数据文件 fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw/users01.dbf
输入数据文件 fno=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw/tbs_cms.ora
输入数据文件 fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw/sysaux01.dbf
输入数据文件 fno=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw/TBS_IDX_SYW.ora
输入数据文件 fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw/undotbs01.dbf
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在启动段 1 于 22-8月 -11
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 已完成段 1 于 22-8月 -11
段句柄=/sywdg/dgbak/backup_20110822_27_1.bak 标记=TAG20110822T121100 注释=NONE
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 备份集已完成, 经过时间:00:02:16
备份集中包括当前控制文件
在备份集中包含当前的 SPFILE
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 正在启动段 1 于 22-8月 -11
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 已完成段 1 于 22-8月 -11
通道 ORA_DISK_1: 备份集已完成, 经过时间:00:00:03
完成 backup 于 22-8月 -11

RMAN> sql "alter system archive log  current";

sql 语句: alter system archive log  current

RMAN> backup archivelog all format='/sywdg/dgbak/arch_%T_%s_%p.bak';

启动 backup 于 22-8月 -11
当前日志已存档
完成 backup 于 22-8月 -11

2.6、在主库上建立备库控制文件
[oracle@DB_primary ~]$ sqlplus / as  sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期一 8月 22 12:21:27 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
连接到: 
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/sywdg/dgbak/stdby_control01.ctl';
[oracle@DB_primary ~]$ cd /sywdg/dgbak/
[oracle@DB_primary dgbak]$ ls -al 
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   147193344 08-22 12:19 arch_20110822_29_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   1855897600 08-22 12:13 backup_20110822_27_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    7143424 08-22 12:13 backup_20110822_28_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    7061504 08-22 12:21 stdby_control01.ctl
复制备库控制文件
[oracle@DB_primary dgbak]$ cp stdby_control01.ctl  stdby_control02.ctl 
[oracle@DB_primary dgbak]$ cp stdby_control01.ctl  stdby_control03.ctl 
[oracle@DB_primary dgbak]$ ls -lh 
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 141M 08-22 12:19 arch_20110822_29_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.8G 08-22 12:13 backup_20110822_27_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.9M 08-22 12:13 backup_20110822_28_1.bak
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.8M 08-22 12:21 stdby_control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.8M 08-22 12:22 stdby_control02.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.8M 08-22 12:22 stdby_control03.ctl

2.7、创建备库init参数文件
   在主库上执行
SQL> create pfile='/sywdg/dgbak/initsyw.ora' from spfile;
编辑pfile 注意主备库不同角色的属性配置，注意文件路径等，注意db_name要和主库一致，主要是以下参数

syw.__db_cache_size=167772160
syw01.__db_cache_size=180355072
syw.__java_pool_size=4194304
syw01.__java_pool_size=4194304
syw.__large_pool_size=4194304
syw01.__large_pool_size=4194304
syw.__shared_pool_size=104857600
syw01.__shared_pool_size=92274688
syw.__streams_pool_size=0
syw01.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/syw01/adump'
*.audit_trail='os'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/syw01/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw01/stdby_control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw01/stdby_control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw01/stdby_control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/syw01/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_file_name_convert=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw',' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw01'
*.db_name='syw'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.db_unique_name='syw01'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=sywXDB)'
*.fal_client='SYW01'
*.fal_server='SYW'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(SYW01,SYW)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/sywdg/arch1/  VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=SYW01'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=syw LGWR  SYNC  AFFIRM  VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=SYW'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_max_processes=5
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw01'
*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'
*.nls_territory='CHINA'
*.open_cursors=300
*.optimizer_secure_view_merging=FALSE
*.pga_aggregate_target=94371840
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=283115520
*.standby_archive_dest='LOCATION=/sywdg/arch1'
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/syw01/udump'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/syw/udump'
在主库上用oracle身份执行，修改备库pfile
$ cp initsyw.ora  initsyw01.ora

2.8 复制文件到备库
拷贝上面生成的文件backup_%T.bak、stdby_control01/02/03.ctl、initsyw01.ora到备库所在主机，注意rman备份的文件在主备库主机上目录要一致。
[oracle@DB_primary dgbak]$ scp *.bak  [email protected]:/sywdg/dgbak/
[email protected]'s password: 
arch_20110822_29_1.bak                                                                                                                         100%  140MB  17.6MB/s   00:08    
backup_20110822_27_1.bak                                                                                                                       100% 1770MB  17.9MB/s   01:39    
backup_20110822_28_1.bak
[oracle@DB_primary dgbak]$ scp *.ctl [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw/
[email protected]'s password: 
stdby_control01.ctl                                                                                                                            100% 6896KB   6.7MB/s   00:00    
stdby_control02.ctl                                                                                                                            100% 6896KB   6.7MB/s   00:01    
stdby_control03.ctl                                                                                                                            100% 6896KB   6.7MB/s   00:00 
[oracle@DB_primary dgbak]$ scp initsyw01.ora  [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/
[email protected]'s password: 
initsyw01.ora                                                                                                                                  100% 1663     1.6KB/s   00:00  


2.9建立备库相关文件和目录
(备库主机已经装了oracle软件,且目录结构和主库一致)

2.9.1设置环境变量并建立备库一些必需目录

$ export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
$ export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
$ export ORACLE_SID=SYW01
$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/syw01/adump
$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/syw01/bdump
$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/syw01/cdump
$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/syw01/udump

--以下目录要看哪些地方可能会存放数据库文件，注意不能少建
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/syw01
$ mkdir -p /sywdg/arch1/
2.9.2、在备库主机上生成密码文件，且sys密码和主库得一致
$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwsyw01 password=oracle entries=5
2.9.3在备库上建立spfile
[oracle@DB_standby ~]$ sqlplus / as  sysdba
SQL> create spfile from pfile;

2.10 恢复创建standby database
启动物理备库
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area  285212672 bytes
Fixed Size                  2020224 bytes
Variable Size              92277888 bytes
Database Buffers          188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers                2170880 bytes

SQL> alter database mount standby database;
数据库已更改。

$ rman target /       (要求主备库rman备份文件的存放路径和文件名一致)
RMAN> restore database;
RMAN> restore archivelog all;

配置备库的standby redolog
（最佳性能模式可以忽略，如果要转为其它两种模式则要建立）

SQL> alter database add standby logfile 
  2      group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdby_redo04.log') size 50m,
  3      group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdby_redo05.log') size 50m,
  4      group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdby_redo06.log') size 50m,
  5      group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdby_redo07.log') size 50m;
standby redolog的组数参考公式：(online redolog组数 + 1) * 数据库线程数；单机线程数为1，RAC一般为2。
standby redolog的组成员数和大小也尽量和online redolog一样。
SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
MOUNTED

2.8、在备库上,启动redo apply

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;