http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_7573977301019nxo.html
在Android4.0推出的时候,一个非常引人注目的功能就是NFC(Near Field Communication).
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a set of short-range wireless technologies, typically requiring a distance of 4cm or less to initiate a connection. NFC allows you to share small payloads of data between an NFC tag and an Android-powered device, or between two Android-powered devices.
翻译:
近场通讯(NFC)是一系列短距离无线技术,一般需要4cm或者更短去初始化连接。近场通讯(NFC)允许你在NFC tag和Android设备或者两个Android设备间共享小负载数据。
典型的应用为刷卡应用,如刷信用卡,公交车卡,吃饭的饭卡之类。腾讯2011年1月份文章“Android首款NFC近场通信应用推出”,说明了基于Android的NFC应用目前已经有了,得益于日本在手机刷卡的应用氛围。据2011年7月网易文章“PayPal推出Android系统NFC移动支付服务”报道,PayPal已经做了尝试了,相信这股风很快要刮到中国。
下面我们从技术的层面来分析一下这个技术。
官方的图片示例为:
这是NFC的开发流程,参考文章 “【NFC在android中的应用API】”。
相关的类代码有:NfcAdapter,NdefMessage, NdefRecord,ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED.
在功能层面上,涉及到了NFC的读写功能。下面我们分别来做总结。
在代码层上面:
使用的时候,需要在AndroidManifest.xml里面加一些权限以及属性。
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC"/> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true"/> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10"/>
这里注意,在Android Version 9的时候仅仅支持了ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED,对于其他的需要10以上。
在上面的基础上,还需要增加intent-filter的支持。
<intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/> <data android:mimeType="text/plain"/> </intent-filter>
获取NfcAdapter的代码为
public static String getStatusNfcDevice () { NfcAdapter nfcAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); if (nfcAdapter.isEnabled()) { String status = "enabled"; return status; } else { String status = "disabled"; return status; } }
处理函数为
public void onResume() { super.onResume(); if (NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED.equals(getIntent().getAction())) { Parcelable[] rawMsgs = intent.getParcelableArrayExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES); if (rawMsgs != null) { msgs = new NdefMessage[rawMsgs.length]; for (int i = 0; i < rawMsgs.length; i++) { msgs[i] = (NdefMessage) rawMsgs[i]; } } } //process the msgs array }
完整的一个操作代码摘自Google Android NFC Guide代码(略加注释):
package com.example.android.beam; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.nfc.NdefMessage; import android.nfc.NdefRecord; import android.nfc.NfcAdapter; import android.nfc.NfcAdapter.CreateNdefMessageCallback; import android.nfc.NfcEvent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Parcelable; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast; import java.nio.charset.Charset; //继承并实现接口CreateNdefMessageCallback方法createNdefMessage public class Beam extends Activity implements CreateNdefMessageCallback { NfcAdapter mNfcAdapter; TextView textView; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); TextView textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView); // Check for available NFC Adapter //检测是否有NFC适配器 mNfcAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(this); if (mNfcAdapter == null) { Toast.makeText(this, "NFC is not available", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); finish(); return; } // Register callback //注册回调函数 mNfcAdapter.setNdefPushMessageCallback(this, this); } @Override public NdefMessage createNdefMessage(NfcEvent event) { String text = ("Beam me up, Android!\n\n" + "Beam Time: " + System.currentTimeMillis()); //回调函数,构造NdefMessage格式 NdefMessage msg = new NdefMessage( new NdefRecord[] { createMimeRecord( "application/com.example.android.beam", text.getBytes()) //,NdefRecord.createApplicationRecord("com.example.android.beam") }); return msg; } @Override public void onResume() { super.onResume(); // Check to see that the Activity started due to an Android Beam //得到是否检测到ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED触发 if (NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED.equals(getIntent().getAction())) { processIntent(getIntent()); } } //重载Activity类方法处理当新Intent到来事件 @Override public void onNewIntent(Intent intent) { // onResume gets called after this to handle the intent setIntent(intent); } //关键处理函数,处理扫描到的NdefMessage void processIntent(Intent intent) { textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView); Parcelable[] rawMsgs = intent.getParcelableArrayExtra( NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES); // only one message sent during the beam NdefMessage msg = (NdefMessage) rawMsgs[0]; // record 0 contains the MIME type, record 1 is the AAR, if present textView.setText(new String(msg.getRecords()[0].getPayload())); } public NdefRecord createMimeRecord(String mimeType, byte[] payload) { byte[] mimeBytes = mimeType.getBytes(Charset.forName("US-ASCII")); NdefRecord mimeRecord = new NdefRecord( NdefRecord.TNF_MIME_MEDIA, mimeBytes, new byte[0], payload); return mimeRecord; } }
上面代码还需要在AndroidManifest.xml文件里面添加
<intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/> <data android:mimeType="application/com.example.android.beam"/> </intent-filter>
private void enableTagWriteMode() { mWriteMode = true; IntentFilter tagDetected = new IntentFilter(NfcAdapter.ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED); mWriteTagFilters = new IntentFilter[] { tagDetected }; mNfcAdapter.enableForegroundDispatch(this, mNfcPendingIntent, mWriteTagFilters, null); }
@Override protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) { // Tag writing mode if (mWriteMode && NfcAdapter.ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED.equals(intent.getAction())) { Tag detectedTag = intent.getParcelableExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG); if (NfcUtils.writeTag(NfcUtils.getPlaceidAsNdef(placeidToWrite), detectedTag)) { Toast.makeText(this, "Success: Wrote placeid to nfc tag", Toast.LENGTH_LONG) .show(); NfcUtils.soundNotify(this); } else { Toast.makeText(this, "Write failed", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } } }
public static boolean writeTag(NdefMessage message, Tag tag) { int size = message.toByteArray().length; try { Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(tag); if (ndef != null) { ndef.connect(); if (!ndef.isWritable()) { return false; } if (ndef.getMaxSize() < size) { return false; } ndef.writeNdefMessage(message); return true; } else { NdefFormatable format = NdefFormatable.get(tag); if (format != null) { try { format.connect(); format.format(message); return true; } catch (IOException e) { return false; } } else { return false; } } } catch (Exception e) { return false; } }
相关的AndroidManifest.xml文件配置如下:
<activity android:name=".CheckInActivity"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED"/> <data android:mimeType="application/vnd.facebook.places"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/> </intent-filter> </activity>
参考文章:
参考文章:
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/nfc/nfc.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5078649/android-nfc-sample-demo-reads-only-fake-information-from-the-tag
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/nfc/index.html
http://money.163.com/11/0714/09/78TPVJOL00253CVK.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/jfttcjl/archive/2011/11/09/2242045.html
http://www.jessechen.net/blog/how-to-nfc-on-the-android-platform/
另外有几个专门推动NFC技术的联盟:
http://open-nfc.org/wp/nfchal/
http://www.classic.nxp.com/theme/nfc/
http://www.nfc-forum.org/home/
官方关于NFC的翻译文档见:
http://blog.csdn.net/nicebooks/article/details/6223956
参考库:
http://code.google.com/p/guava-libraries/