ubuntu 12.04 server 挂载硬盘

买的虚拟机添加硬盘需要手动挂载，下面列下简单步骤，作为记录：
1、查看下当前文件系统
[root@VM_28_226_centos ~]# df
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1              8254240   1099340   6735608  15% /
只有一个/dev/vda1挂在了根下边，也就是系统软件装在这里

2、查看下当前硬盘情况
[root@VM_28_226_centos ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 8589 MB, 8589901824 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcd6e8236

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *           1        1044     8385898+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 268.4 GB, 268435456000 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 520126 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/vdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

Disk /dev/vdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4161 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/vdc doesn't contain a valid partition table
看到一个盘，/dev/vdb，270G。现在格式化下。

3、格式化
[root@VM_28_226_centos ~]# mkfs  -t  ext4  /dev/vdb
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
16384000 inodes, 65536000 blocks
3276800 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
2000 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Writing inode tables: done                           
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
-t 是指分区类型 这里用ext4

4、把磁盘挂载到 /edx
mount /dev/vdb /edx
[root@VM_28_226_centos ~]# df
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1              8254240   1099384   6735564  15% /
/dev/vdb             258030980    191708 244732072   1% /edx


5、设置开机自动挂载
vim /etc/fstab
添加一条
/dev/vdb  /edx  ext4  noatime,acl,user_xattr 1 0
(fstab的文件格式，以后记录)