程序在得到一个Segmentation fault这样的错误信息毫无保留地就跳出来了,遇到这样的问题让人很痛苦,查找问题不亚于你N多天辛苦劳累编写代码的难度。那么有没有更好的方法可以在产生SIGSEGV信号的时候得到调试可用的信息呢?看看下面的例程吧!
sigsegv.h #ifndef __sigsegv_h__ #define __sigsegv_h__
#ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif
int setup_sigsegv();
#ifdef __cplusplus } #endif
#endif /* __sigsegv_h__ */ sigsegv.c #define _GNU_SOURCE #include <memory.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <signal.h> #include <ucontext.h> #include <dlfcn.h> #include <execinfo.h> #ifndef NO_CPP_DEMANGLE #include <cxxabi.h> #endif
#if defined(REG_RIP) # define SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64 # define REGFORMAT "%016lx" #elif defined(REG_EIP) # define SIGSEGV_STACK_X86 # define REGFORMAT "%08x" #else # define SIGSEGV_STACK_GENERIC # define REGFORMAT "%x" #endif
static void signal_segv(int signum, siginfo_t* info, void*ptr) { static const char *si_codes[3] = {"", "SEGV_MAPERR", "SEGV_ACCERR"};
size_t i; ucontext_t *ucontext = (ucontext_t*)ptr;
#if defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_X86) || defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64) int f = 0; Dl_info dlinfo; void **bp = 0; void *ip = 0; #else void *bt[20]; char **strings; size_t sz; #endif
fprintf(stderr, "Segmentation Fault!/n"); fprintf(stderr, "info.si_signo = %d/n", signum); fprintf(stderr, "info.si_errno = %d/n", info->si_errno); fprintf(stderr, "info.si_code = %d (%s)/n", info->si_code, si_codes[info->si_code]); fprintf(stderr, "info.si_addr = %p/n", info->si_addr); for(i = 0; i < NGREG; i++) fprintf(stderr, "reg[%02d] = 0x" REGFORMAT "/n", i, ucontext->uc_mcontext.gregs[i]);
#if defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_X86) || defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64) # if defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_IA64) ip = (void*)ucontext->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RIP]; bp = (void**)ucontext->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_RBP]; # elif defined(SIGSEGV_STACK_X86) ip = (void*)ucontext->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EIP]; bp = (void**)ucontext->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EBP]; # endif
fprintf(stderr, "Stack trace:/n"); while(bp && ip) { if(!dladdr(ip, &dlinfo)) break;
const char *symname = dlinfo.dli_sname; #ifndef NO_CPP_DEMANGLE int status; char *tmp = __cxa_demangle(symname, NULL, 0, &status);
if(status == 0 && tmp) symname = tmp; #endif
fprintf(stderr, "% 2d: %p <%s+%u> (%s)/n", ++f, ip, symname, (unsigned)(ip - dlinfo.dli_saddr), dlinfo.dli_fname);
#ifndef NO_CPP_DEMANGLE if(tmp) free(tmp); #endif
if(dlinfo.dli_sname && !strcmp(dlinfo.dli_sname, "main")) break;
ip = bp[1]; bp = (void**)bp[0]; } #else fprintf(stderr, "Stack trace (non-dedicated):/n"); sz = backtrace(bt, 20); strings = backtrace_symbols(bt, sz);
for(i = 0; i < sz; ++i) fprintf(stderr, "%s/n", strings[i]); #endif fprintf(stderr, "End of stack trace/n"); exit (-1); }
int setup_sigsegv() { struct sigaction action; memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action)); action.sa_sigaction = signal_segv; action.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO; if(sigaction(SIGSEGV, &action, NULL) < 0) { perror("sigaction"); return 0; }
return 1; }
#ifndef SIGSEGV_NO_AUTO_INIT static void __attribute((constructor)) init(void) { setup_sigsegv(); } #endif main.c #include "sigsegv.h" #include <string.h>
int die() { char *err = NULL; strcpy(err, "gonner"); return 0; }
int main() { return die(); } 下面来编译上面的main.c程序看看将会产生什么样的信息呢,不过要注意的就是如果要在你的程序里引用sigsegv.h、sigsegv.c得到堆栈信息的话记得加上-rdynamic -ldl参数。 /data/codes/c/test/backtraces $ gcc -o test -rdynamic -ldl -ggdb -g sigsegv.c main.c /data/codes/c/test/backtraces $ ./test Segmentation Fault! info.si_signo = 11 info.si_errno = 0 info.si_code = 1 (SEGV_MAPERR) info.si_addr = (nil) reg[00] = 0x00000033 reg[01] = 0x00000000 reg[02] = 0xc010007b reg[03] = 0x0000007b reg[04] = 0x00000000 reg[05] = 0xb7fc8ca0 reg[06] = 0xbff04c2c reg[07] = 0xbff04c1c reg[08] = 0xb7f8cff4 reg[09] = 0x00000001 reg[10] = 0xbff04c50 reg[11] = 0x00000000 reg[12] = 0x0000000e reg[13] = 0x00000006 reg[14] = 0x080489ec reg[15] = 0x00000073 reg[16] = 0x00010282 reg[17] = 0xbff04c1c reg[18] = 0x0000007b Stack trace: 1: 0x80489ec <die+16> (/data/codes/c/test/backtraces/test) 2: 0x8048a16 <main+19> (/data/codes/c/test/backtraces/test) End of stack trace /data/codes/c/test/backtraces $ 下面用gdb来看看出错的地方左右的代码: /data/codes/c/test/backtraces $ gdb ./test gdb> disassemble die+16 Dump of assembler code for function die: 0x080489dc <die+0>: push %ebp 0x080489dd <die+1>: mov %esp,%ebp 0x080489df <die+3>: sub $0x10,%esp 0x080489e2 <die+6>: movl $0x0,0xfffffffc(%ebp) 0x080489e9 <die+13>: mov 0xfffffffc(%ebp),%eax 0x080489ec <die+16>: movl $0x6e6e6f67,(%eax) 0x080489f2 <die+22>: movw $0x7265,0x4(%eax) 0x080489f8 <die+28>: movb $0x0,0x6(%eax) 0x080489fc <die+32>: mov $0x0,%eax 0x08048a01 <die+37>: leave 0x08048a02 <die+38>: ret End of assembler dump. gdb> 也可以直接break *die+16进行调试,看看在出错之前的堆栈情况,那么下面我们再来看看代码问题到底出在什么地方了。 /data/codes/c/test/backtraces $ gdb ./test gdb> break *die+16 Breakpoint 1 at 0x80489f2: file main.c, line 6. gdb> list *die+16 0x80489f2 is in die (main.c:6). 1 #include "sigsegv.h" 2 #include <string.h> 3 4 int die() { 5 char *err = NULL; 6 strcpy(err, "gonner"); 7 return 0; 8 } 9 10 int main() { gdb> 现在看看定位错误将会多么方便,上面的调试指令中list之前break不是必须的,只是让你可以看到break其实就已经指出了哪一行代码导致 Segmentation fault了。如果你要发布你的程序你一般会为了减少体积不会附带调试信息的(也就是不加-ggdb -g参数),不过没关系,你一样可以得到上面stack-trace信息,然后你调试之前只要加上调试信息即可。 |